Imagine traveling to the very core of our Milky Way galaxy. What would you see? You would see millions of stars littering the night sky. And on the horizon a strange black sphere emerges. It’s a black hole. An object so dense that not even light can escape it. However, it isn’t the only one out there. Black holes are one of the most mysterious objects in our known universe. This topic has been argued for decades, when Albert Einstein first predicted black holes in 1916. Many astronomers proposed theories about black holes, to black holes being a wormhole, to black holes being the very reason to our existence.
A black hole is defined as a region in space that has a singularity, a point that has zero radius and infinite density. When a black hole forms, it creates a black and dense sphere
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that spins to almost the speed of light. This sphere creates a gravitational field that is so strong that light or radiation can’t escape it. The sphere itself, despite it being so dense, is empty once you passed the event horizon, the boundary around a black hole in which light and radiation can’t escape. Anything that falls beyond the event horizon disappears forever. When matter enters the event horizon, it starts it fall to the center of the black hole. In this process, particles would be separated and start to accelerate faster and faster. When it reaches the speed of light, the particles are than shoot out of the black hole and into the emptiness of space. As of how Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History, described it, being "extruded through space like toothpaste being squeezed through a tube." A black hole is formed at the end of a violent chain of events in a core of a large star. These stars are likely to be more than 10 times the mass of our sun. A star fuses light elements, like hydrogen, and produced an outward pressure that prevents the star from collapsing in on itself. When the star uses up its lighter elements, it burns heavier elements, like carbon and silicon. When it reaches iron, the star can no longer support its own weight. The star collapses in on itself and a powerful explosion rips the star apart. This supernova generates enough pressure to create a black hole. However this type of event doesn’t produce all the black hole in the universe. There are three types of black holes that we categorize. A stellar black hole is a rather the smallest of black holes. A teller forms when a large star collapses in on itself. This creates a small but strong black hole. The biggest of the black holes are the ones that you find at the center at almost every large galaxy, a supermassive. These giants can have the mass of millions, or even billions, times greater that of the mass of our own sun. These black holes are the result of smaller black holes that merged together to form one. Black holes that are intermediate, or in the middle, are intermediate black holes. These black holes are found through many galaxies, including ours. These are formed when stars in a cluster collide in a chain reaction. Through research, we’ve came up with possible theories that can explain the purpose of a black hole.
One theory, Einstein’s theory, states that if an astronaut, for example, crosses the event horizon, the astronaut would have “no drama”. When the astronaut crosses, however, the astronaut will be crushed due to the significance of the gravity. Another theory revolves around the quote “matter cannot be destroyed or created”. The Einstein -Rosen Bridge theory states that when objects fall into a black hole, the objects travels down a “tube” known as a worm hole. This wormhole is a shortcut to far distances or even a portal to another universe. Another theory, created by physicist Nikodem Poplawski, revolves around the idea of The Big Bang and the Einstein -Rosen Bridge. “…when a black hole forms upon the collapse of a dying star, a universe is born at the same time from the white hole on the other side of the wormhole”( Charles Q. Choi). Another theory, one that came very recent, is Hawkins Radiation. This theory states that some matter escapes the black hole as radiation and the rest falls in. This makes the black hole smaller and smaller until the black hole just
disappears.
The origins of the super-massive black holes which concludes how they were formed and what caused them to form is an unsolved problem which is yet a mystery of astrophysics. ( Millis 2014)
Black holes were originally thought to have only mere mathematical concepts. There was seemingly no possible way to compress any object into a space small enough to equal to its schwarzschild radius. Later however, astronomer Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated that stars much larger than our own sun should theoretically be able to collapse into a black hole (UTFC). A star is like a blown up balloon with the force of gravity trying to compress the balloon inwards and the air trying to push the balloon outwards. Likewise, stars are held in balance by gravity trying to collapse the star inwards going against the outwards pressure of the internal reactions of the star called nuclear fusion.
Starting with black holes, Khalili describes the creation of one. I found that a black hole is what remains when a massive star dies. Because stars are so massive and made out of gas, there is an intense gravitational field that is always trying to collapse the star. As the star dies, the nuclear fusion reactions stop because the fuel for these reactions gets burned up. At the same time, the star's gravity pulls material inward and compresses the core. As the core compresses, it heats up and eventually creates a supernova explosion in which the material and radiation blasts out into space. What remains is the highly compressed and extremely massive core. The core's gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. This object is now a black hole and literally cannot be seen because of the absence of light. Because the core's gravity is so strong, the core sinks through the fabric of space-time, creating a hole in space-time. The core becomes the central part of the black hole called the singularity. The opening of the hole is called the event horizon. Khalili describes that there are two different kinds of black holes:
...f gas, which collapsed and broke up into individual stars. The stars are packed together most tightly in the center, or nucleus. Scientists believe it is possible that at the very center there was too much matter to form an ordinary star, or that the stars which did form were so close to each other that they coalesced to form a black hole. It is argued that really massive black holes, equivalent to a hundred million stars like the Sun, could exist at the center of some galaxies
Famous Pirate- Edward Teach “Blackbeard”: Blackbeard was the most notorious pirate in the history of seafaring. With a beard that almost covered his face, he would strike terror into the hearts of his victims, according to some early accounts, by weaving wicks laced with gunpowder into his hair, and lighting them during battle. A big man, he added to his menacing appearance by wearing a crimson coat, two swords at his waist, and bandoleers stuffed with numerous pistols and knives across his chest. Blackbeard’s lawless career lasted only a few years, but his fearsome reputation has long outlived him. Thought to have been a native of England, he was using the name Edward Teach when he began his pirating sometime after 1713 as a crewman aboard
Black holes - the strange scientific phenomenon that has astounded physicists and astronomers alike for decades. Popular subjects in science fiction novels, black holes are one of the greatest enigmas of the scientific world. Even today, the concept of a super-dense ball of matter that not even light can escape from is somewhat farfetched, and many scientists disagree with each other about nearly every aspect of a black hole. This project will attempt to shed some light on these mysterious formations, and will inform you the reader of the most popular and widely accepted theories surrounding them.
A Black Hole is defined as an object in space that is so compact, that has a gravitational pull so powerful, not even light can escape its pull. In most cases Black Holes are formed when a massive star (much larger than our own) undergoes a supernova explosion. When this happens, the star may collapse on its own gravitational pull, thus resulting in a an object with infinitely large density and zero volume. As a result, the escape velocity (the speed required to escape the gravitational pull) becomes even greater than the speed of light, and because nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, nothing can escape a black hole.
A Black hole is a theorized celestial body whose surface gravity is so strong that
Before I begin to speak about black holes, I will have to explain what the white glowing specks in the sky are. Without a star a black hole could not be formed. In the beginning of a star life a hydrogen is a major part of its development. Stars form from the condensation of clouds of gas that contain hydrogen. Then atoms of the cloud are pulled together by gravity. The energy produced from the cloud is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs. The gasses within the star starts to burn continuously. The hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as carbon, oxygen, and helium are consumed. This chain reaction of explosions fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending on the amount of gases there are.
Black holes are thought to be a portal to another dimension or a way for time to slip. Mainly all these theories follow the laws of physics and do not cross any illogical possibilities. For a way in which we can achieve any of these would be through many more years of research. If even physically possible for any of these hypotheses to coexist with one another. Learning that there’s a possible way for black holes to allow time to lapse or elapse. The study has been a challenge, finding ways in which these ideas could work. Theories about space time are not always true, but they allow us to have an improved understanding towards the, what ifs.
Informative Speech Scientists Einstein and Heisenberg A. Introduction My Speech is about the scientists who had the main influence on our current time and have shaped our contemporary view of the world (Also called in Theology the "Zeitgeist"). I have chosen two of them who are in many ways just opposites. One is extremely famous and the other is almost unknown, except to specialists. The most famous is, of course, Albert Einstein.
Einstein himself, working at Princeton with Nathan Rosen had discovered that the equations of relativity actually represent a black hole as a bridge between two regions of flat space-time, a phenomenon known as the “Einstein-Rosen Bridge”. Later on, in 1963, the New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr found that if a black hole is rotating, a singularity still forms, but in the form of a ring, not a point. It was believed that in principle, a particle may be able to fall towards the singularity, but if at some point moved through the hole instead of the ring, the particle may not be lost forever. Therefore, with these theories in mind, a particle falling into a black hole will fall through the ring that the singularity has become, then going through the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, eventually being spewed out of the white hole into another space-time continuum.
Black holes are the result of the death of a massive star, leaving behind a dense remnant core that eventually collapses to create a gravitational force so strong that nothing, including light, can escape the force. The theory that black holes existed started back in the early 1900s and since then astronomers and scientists have been trying to get a better understanding of them. This phenomenon has been a working progress for astronomers and scientists for many years and as we develop a better understanding of our solar system, the more likely it is to make a significant discovery that can answer some of the most difficult questions about our incredible galaxy and solar system. The more information we are able to acquire about our universe, the more questions we might be able to answer about our existence. With advancements in technology we may be able to see some significant discoveries and insights into the world of black holes.
Virtue ethics, also sometimes called aspirational ethics, focuses on the character of an individual as the key element of morality; thus, an act is right if performed by a fully virtuous person. When compared to the other main ethical theories, such as utilitarian or deontological ethics, virtue ethics aims to answer fundamentally different questions: “What sort of person should I be?” and “What is the good life?”. Aristotle, the first formulator of virtue ethics, focused on three key concepts within virtue ethics: eduaimonia, arête, and telos. Eduaimonia can best be defined as “happiness”, “well-being”, or flourishing of an individual. Arete is virtue which can be defined as “whatever makes a thing an ‘outstanding specimen’ of its kind”. Finally,