Black elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.), a deciduous shrub is often used as a traditional medicine, and it is used for common cold and influenza. The bioactive chemical of Sambucus nigra is the anthocyanins. Anthocyanins, plant colorants that responsible for colors such as red, purple, or blue, and in addition, it also provides various health benefits. Studies have shown that anthocyanins for animal and in vitro have decreased necrotic and apoptotic cell death and lower the infarct risks through anti-inflammatory and relaxant effects on coronary arteries. Krawitz and colleagues conducted a study to find out if a standardized elderberry liquid extract will work against bacterial infections and influenza types A and B. They investigated the ability of the extract of elderberries to weaken or decrease the growth of of human pathogenic influenza A and B virus strains. Krawitz and colleagues worked with A/Thailand/KAN-1/2004 (KAN-1, H5N1) and B/Massachusetts/71 (B/Mass) in cell culture. …show more content…
The ratio of the extract is 18:1, and the anthocyanin concentration is 3.2%. The concentration of anthocyanin is done by using a mechanical filtration procedure, where semipermeable members separate substances based on molecular sizes. Bacterial strains, S. Pyogenes, group C and G Streptococci, and B. catarrhalis, were obtained from patient samples and cultivated in sheep blood agar plates at 37 degree Celsius. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the growth of the bacteria in the plated agar gels with elderberry liquid extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Viral strains of KAN-1, H5N1 and B/Mass were used for the experiment. MTT assay and focus size reduction assay were the methods for testing the inhibitory activity of elderberry liquid extract of the viruses in cell
“Strange Fruit” by Billie Holiday conveys the inhumane, gory lynchings of African-Americans in the American South, and how this highly unnatural act had entrenched itself into the society and culture of the South, almost as if it were an agricultural crop. Although the song did not originate from Holiday, her first performance of it in 1939 in New York City and successive recording of the song became highly popular for their emotional power (“Strange fruit,” 2017). The lyrics in the song highlight the contrast between the natural beauty and apparent sophistication of the agricultural South with the brutal violence of lynchings. Holiday communicates these rather disturbing lyrics through a peculiarly serene vocal delivery, accompanied by a hymn-like
In Ron Rash’s short story “Blackberries in June”, Rash explores the strained relationship of Jamie and her high school sweet heart, Matt, to her family. Through the characters interactions with each other Rash paints a picture of how major hardships can sever an already fragile bond between family members. Jamie and Matt, much to Jamie’s family opposition, have been saving up to own their dream home on the lake. After a freak accident on the job, Jamie’s brother, Charlton, loses his leg. In order to help sustain her brother and his family’s life during this time Jamie is face with an impossible ultimatum to sell her dream home or become an estrange member of her family. The choices throughout the story and the characters reactions to them depict
A young college student named Todd Graves had a vision that he could open a restaurant and only sell high quality chicken finger meals. He proposed his vision to his college professor as a business plan assignment and got a very low grade on the assignment. Later, he went to many banks offering his business plan and each time he got denied. Todd then went on to work and raise his own money for his dream. This eventually led him to working in Alaska. After Todd got back from Alaska, he returned to Baton Rouge where he opened his dream restaurant. This restaurant is known as Raising Canes.
Blackberries in June is a short story, written by Ron Rash, that highlights the harsh economic standings of families in the Appalachian region on the United States. The main characters are a young newly married couple, Jamie and Matt, who have been blessed with a lake house in the mountains. The young couple are optimistic about having their whole lives in front of them but elders in the story elude to a more somber reality. In the short story, Blackberries in June, the author uses the presence, or lack thereof, of water as a symbol to represent the character's state of freedom.
The society of today’s world revolves around satisfaction, and as humans there is never a true feeling of satisfaction. In our lives it is no longer about satisfying ourselves but also satisfying the people we love the most. Throughout the poems; Blackberries by Yusef Komunyakaa, Singapore by Mary Oliver, and What Work Is by Philip Levine, lays a constant crave of satisfaction. The real issue is knowing that our soul-hunger for satisfaction is never truly met, at least from other people’s eyes. In each poem there comes a circumstance of when the narrator faces a time when questioning their whole idea of self-worth and satisfaction, caused by outside influences. These outside influences usually pity the narrator for having the jobs that they
This Cherokee folktale tells the story of the first man and woman on Earth. They were married and lived happily together for a long time. One day, they quarreled and the woman left. The man followed her to apologize, but the woman walked so fast that he could not catch her. It was then that, seeing his frustration, the Sun decided to help him. In an effort to slow her down, the Sun made different berries appear in front of the woman, but she paid not attention to them. It wasn't until she saw the strawberries that she decided to stop. The husband finally caught up with her and apologize.
Junot Diaz’s “Wildwood” is a roller coaster of emotions. The author gives us a full view of the tempestuous relationship between Lola and her mother who discovers has breast cancer. Lola, a young girl who lives in New York with her brother and mother, early on we can see that Lola’s mother is particularly abusive and channels her frustrations towards her daughter. When her mother asks Lola to examine her breast for a lump, she has a premonition her life would change.
Anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones,secoiridoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, coumarins, and isoflavones form a large class of polyphenols, which are phenolic compounds. This study, however, focuses on one category of these phenolic compounds: phenolic acids. These particular compounds have been classified into two groups, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids. The most common hydroxybenzoic acids are protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, while hydroxycinnamic acids include ferulic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and sinapic acid, (Nigdikar, Williams, Griffin, & Howard). Unlike hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids usually occur at very low levels in some black radish, red fruits, and onions, accounting for about 10 ppm on a fresh weight basis. Protocatechuic ac...
In the poem “Blackberries” by Ysef Komunyakaa, the author depicts a young boy picking blackberries in the woods. Throughout the poem the author causes the reader to believe the young boy is guilty, yet the reader is not completely sure why there is an intense feeling of guilt. After having knowledge of the authors race, the feeling of guilt makes complete sense. The author is a black man who grew up in rural Louisiana, having that knowledge the tone of the story is even more logical. Since the author is a African American male who grew up in rural Louisiana, it would only make sense he was writing about his own childhood experiences, or feelings he once felt impacted his life. In the poem “Blackberries” the author causes the audience to feel
A pinch of Bearberry was added for a mild sedative effect during tribal council meetings. Bearberry was also used as a potent diuretic and antiseptic, to treat kidney stones as well as urinary tract infections. Teas made from bearberry are used to treat enlargement of the prostate gland. Women used the herb during heavy menstrual periods or vaginal infections. Some forms of diabetes are treated with this herb because it increases the body’s output of insulin. Bearberry can also be used as a douche, mouthwash, and antiseptic. The herb Black Cohosh is so effective in relieving women’s menopausal problems that some doctors find it as an acceptable alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy. Black Cohosh has been shown to reduce hot flashes, sweating, headaches, vertigo, heart palpitations, and tinnitus. The Native Americans used it in difficult childbirth to relax the muscles of the uterine walls. Other uses for this herb were to relieve arthritis pain, scarlet fever, smallpox, and whooping cough. One of the best features of Black Cohosh is to repel insects. A plant called Black Haw was uses to relieve menstrual cramps and has been proven to work as a uterine antispasmodic or relaxant. Dr. John Brickwell, an 18th-century medical authority used the plant to heal wounds. Dr. James A Duke, PH.D found that the plant contains four substances that help to relax the uterus. Native Americans chewed the plant and used the leaves as a paste to reduce the swelling of sprains. Black Haw grows as a bushy shrub 10 to 25 feet tall. The plant produces dark blue berries that are very sweet to eat. One of the greatest contributions Native Americans made to the modern world was the introduction of corn. Corn has also been used for its healing powers. Native Americans would drink a beverage made from corn to treat problems with the Kidneys and Bladder. A corn beverage was also used to
Aside from culinary uses, the jabuticaba also has medicinal purposes. The skin is dried to treat asthma, hemoptysis and diarrhea, and is useful in bringing down the inflammation of swollen tonsils [3]. Recently, anti-cancer compounds have been discovered in the fruits [5]. There is hope that further research on this plant will reveal some success in fighting cancer.
Bitter melon is a popular fruit in Asian countries, especially India and China, for its unique flavor and disease treatment properties. Bitter melon is originally from India, but eventually spread to China and other Asian countries during the fourteenth century (“Health Benefits of Bitter Melon” 1). The fruit is green, oblong in shape, and has a very rough exterior. True to its name, bitter melon has a distinctive bitter taste, and is considered a delectable ingredient in cooking (Peng). For hundreds of years, the Chinese have successfully used bitter melon for its therapeutic properties (Bao 2). Many Asians use bitter melon as a part o...
Traditional herbal medicine comes from many different areas of the world (Indian, Chinese, African, Western, Native American herbs, Ayurvedic and other indigenous medicines) and in most all of them they are still b...
Ingmar Bergman’s Wild Strawberries, while released in 1957, embodies a refreshingly progressive perspective in its portrayal of women. Undoubtedly, Wild Strawberries is Isak Borg’s journey, both literal and spiritual, of realization, recollection, and redemption. However, its female characters, namely Marianne and the Sarahs of both generations, play an integral part in Isak’s transformation. Other movies we viewed from this era, specifically Au Hasard Balthazar and La Strada, tended towards victimization of female characters, from sexual assault to unhealthy dependencies. However, Wild Strawberries shies away simultaneously from those trope and the feminist stereotype of bra-burning, man-hating liberationism. Marianne, in particular, functions
...are still being undertaken to analyse the similarities of effects with cranberries. Provisional usage of the products by elderly people suffering from UTI together with preliminary chemical analyses to indicates similarities are still underway. The investigation will delve on the potent effects in the elderly who will be given berry extracts (cranberries and chokeberries) to identify the strains that are associated with the UTI cure.