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How did the immediate and long-term effects of the Black Death change medieval society in Europe
Society affected by the black death
Black death
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The Black Death pandemic had affected almost everyone who lived in that time, everyone wanted to know if there was a cure. People of that time were constantly dreading the idea that it was Gods' punishment. The plague entered south-western England in the summer of 1348 and it stuck Bristol with shocking numbers. Bristol was the second largest city in Britain and was the principal port of entry for the west country. Within it lived upwards of 10,000 souls, tightly packed together in conditions that were not altogether sanitary. The foul conditions was as true of Bristol as it was in any other medieveal town, if not more so because its size of population. People had the tendency to pore their chamberpots ,which was a bowl that people used as
a restroom at night, out of the window in to the streets. Farm animals that were supposed to have been grazed outside of the city walls but were often allowed to roam freely in the city walls in search of food. Townsfolk drew their water from the river, which was contaminanted by indrustrial waste. Due to these condition. The plague reached London, in London there was a mass grave that had been uncovered at Spitalfields containing remains of the victims from the Black Death. London was overwhelmed by the death rate increasing day after day, the city was overflowing with concomitant problems do to the poor sanitation. The King of that time remonstrated to the town concil about the state that the streets had been in and the council replied that all the street cleaners have died of the plague. In London 1350, the plague had already killed between one third and one half of the population. The plague grew in mass moreso over time and it spread to Durham, Scotland, Wales and to Ireland. in Britain
The effects of the Black Death on Medieval Europe were that the economy fell, faith in religion decreased, and the demand for labor was high. The Black Death was a deadly disease that devastated Medieval Europe. This bubonic plague killed 1/3 of the European population, crippling the economy and faith in religion.
Kira L. S. Newman, “Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and Quarantine in Early Modern England,” Journal of Social History, 3, (2012): 809-834
At this time however, cold weather and rains wiped out many crops creating a shortage of food for humans. Rats also went through this shortage in food. This made them “crowd in cities, providing an optimal environment for disease”(Karin Lehnardt in 41 Catastrophic Facts about the Black Death). Before the black death spread through Europe, sanitation wasn’t very good. Living conditions were bad so when the black death came to Europe, it spread more rapidly because people were not clean and healthy. Another reason the plague spread so fast was because the dead “bodies were piled up inside and outside city walls where they lay until mass graves could be dug”(Karin Lehnardt in 41 Catastrophic Facts about the Black Death). This made the air very polluted and contributed the spread of the epidemic. In total, the black death killed about thirty million people. This was about one-third the population of Europe. Some towns were completely wiped out. Because of this, medieval people thought everyone would eventually die, although we now know that some populations did survive. Also, because people were not being saved by the church, their beliefs were questioned. Less people dedicated their lives to the church because of this. Both the poor and the rich died but more than one-half the people dead were poor. This was also a result of poor sanitation and living conditions. The Black Death initiated in China in the early 1340’s
Before the Black Plague, living in Britain was interesting and positive but, was not always pleasant. It was too crowded and dirty, Britain was disgusting and unsanitary for the citizens for a long period of time, even before the disease spread to Europe (Ibeji n.pag.). Thus, Britain being so dirty, it was easier for this disease to spread. The citizens of Europe had no clue what was coming to disease them. Many people were not ready for the cultural changes of the disease and were shocked the disease even reached their towns.
No other epidemic reaches the level of the Black Death which took place from 1348 to 1350. The epidemic, better regarded as a pandemic, shook Europe, Asia, and North Africa; therefore it deems as the one of the most devastating events in world history. In The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, John Aberth, compiles primary sources in order to examine the origins and outcomes of this deadly disease. The author, a history professor and associate academic dean at Vermont’s Castleton State College, specializes in medieval history and the Black Death. He wrote the book in order to provide multiple perspectives of the plague’s impact. Primarily, pathogens started the whole phenomenon; however, geological, economic, and social conditions
The filth of the cities promoted the spread of disease faster than doctors could discover a cure. This encouraged large outbreaks of many deadly diseases. And it is said that throughout this period there were people who went about the cities and towns with wagons calling "Bring out your dead!" in a fashion similar to that of the Medieval era during the bubonic plague (Which, by the way, was not yet a dead disease).
The Black Death or Black Plague between 1349 and 1351, with 1350 being the watershed year, wiped out approximately HALF the population of Europe. Well known is the effect that serfs now had some bargaining leverage until their population recovered, as they were the only labor force available in a greatly reduced labor force. Less well known is the opportunity that that created for alien populations to find entry into Europe: the Gypsies first entered about 1350 through the Great Forest of Prague, camping out there with the permission of Jelen the Forester of Prague, whose daughter was the first European woman to be given a pack of Tarot cards;and, the simultaneous entry into Europe of a significant Jewish population. The Leo Baeck Institute
The people of the 14th century had no true understanding of the real cause and spread of the Black Death. The people were seen to have absolutely no understanding of the causes and spread of the Black Death as seen through their terrible remedies and cures they made up. These cures ranged from simple bloodletting or leaches to eating crushed emeralds or covering themselves in feces. The people's thoughts of the Black Death being a punishment from God or thinking that it was the apocalypse also highlighted their misunderstanding of the true cause and spread through rats and fleas. The people of the time also assumed the plague was air bound so headed for the sewers and other underground structures to try escape the fatal plague. The people did not understand the true cause or spread of the Black Death and had a devastating effect on society.
The Black Death was a true historical turning point in European history. It was a fast spreading, fatal disease which compared to smallpox took 25 million more lives than the outbreak of smallpox. While some historians debate over the fact whether it made a long lasting change to European everyday lives, there is overwhelming evidence to support the fact that the Black Death was truly a turning point in history with the improvement of medical practices, the change of the economy, the weakening of feudalism and the first stages of doubting the Church. With these changes to European life it can be safe to vouch that the Black Death was a historical turning point.
Swine flu is a disease that has placed a burden on humanity for many years. The virus of swine flu has a very intriguing history as well. Swine flu had originated from the first influenza pandemic in 1918. The actual swine flu virus had come from a pig in Iowa in 1931. Two years later a human strand of swine flu was found in London for the very first time. This was later followed by the Hong Kong flu pandemic in 1968 which had killed up to one million people worldwide. Many years after these pandemics had occurred, the first cases of swine flu were found in California and Texas in March of 2009. This pandemic killed 25,174 people who were infected with swine flu. A couple of months later, the United States and the United Kingdom began testing people for the swine flu and started vaccination programs. Swine flu has had a long history and has taken a large number of lives in the past with worldwide pandemics. As a result, countries like the United States started to take measures toward vaccination. The virus has many different ways of being transmitted, signs and symptoms, areas of the world it infects, and treatment plans.
The earliest recorded and known case occurred in Athens, Greece in 430 B.C. (Ghose). During this time, Athens was under attack by Sparta, which then caused them to move citizens inside of the walls of the city (Burke 29). This created overcrowding, humid conditions, poor sewage, and dirty water, which created excellent conditions for the bacterium to easily spread through Athens (Ross). A mortality rate of thirty-three percent led to many deaths throughout Athens (Littman). During a three year period, 75,000-100,000 people died from the plague (Ross). One of the largest epidemics caused by the Bubonic plague was also known as the Black Death (Ghose). The Black Death lasted from 1348 to 1350, leaving six of every ten Londoners dead (Pruitt). This specific strain of the Bubonic plague was thought to have originated in the Middle East, and quickly spread from a growing trade system (Ghose). Years later, the Great plague of London occurred in 1664 leaving an estimated 90,000 people dead (Johnson). In 1665, the plague had reached a peak of death and mortality rate creating a panic throughout London (Johnson). Homes that held the dead or dying no longer had to be contained and locked (Trueman). The dead were now being carried in carts to be brought into churches and communal plague pits to be disposed of (Johnson). Many wealthy citizens fled to the countryside in attempts to avoid the
She added, "The administration needs to reassure the American People that we are taking every precaution necessary to stop the spread of Ebola, and I look forward to hearing more on how they plan to proceed."
Ebola is an extremely deadly virus that can lead to extreme illness and death. It was discovered in 1976 in West Africa. Ebola has been found in many countries of Africa such as South Sudan, Nigeria, and South Africa. It has killed thousands of people in Africa and other countries around Africa and has put many families in fear of their lives. Some symptoms of Ebola are a severe fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and unexplained bleeding or bruising. Ebola has recently been brought overseas to the United States, creating havoc in our nation.
Many people believe Ebola is not an actual threat to the United States. However, we are at as great of risk as anyone in the world and America may just now be starting to notice that. Although Ebola was first discovered in the late 1970s’, it has slowly progressed its way into our current society causing the need for research to help find a preventative method to keep it from spreading anymore and causing a worldwide epidemic.
Many things come to mind when someone mentions the word “disease”, fascination, horror, safety, risk. However, nothing produces as much emotion as the word “Ebola”. Ebola sends chills down spines, and spikes fear in minds. With proper understanding, the virus doesn’t instill fear, but provokes curiosity and motivation to help. Ebola is a deadly disease, West Africa endured a widespread outbreak of Ebola in 2014, and it is currently being researched to treat those who contract the virus.