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Preface of project on sigmund freud
Sigmund Freud contributed in psychology
What were the effects of sigmund freud’s theories on the modern world
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Sigismund Schlomo Freud, better known as Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th of 1856. He was raised in the town of Příbor in Moravia in the time of the Austrian Empire and what is now Czech Republic. His wife was Martha Bernays and together had six children. Of these children were Mathilde, Jean-Martin, Oliver, Ernst, Sophie, and Anna; Anna of which later followed in her father’s footsteps. He passed the 23rd of September of 1939 at 83 years old. Among many, although flawed, contributions he is best titled as the Father of Psychoanalysis. In his career he posed many theories, the earliest of them: The Seduction Theory. The majority of people whom came to him in the 1890s were reported as victims of sexual abuse as children. Unfortunately, he began to see these allegations as fantasies. His first explanation was that patients were simply fighting “memories of infantile masturbation”, touching oneself as a baby or womb. He claimed patients were not aware of the repression. Experiments of this included having patient act out the events they “thought” of. As time went on, his patients did not believe they were actually abused at, even more so after reproducing their supposed abuse. He dropped his previous research and went on to cocaine. Freud was an avid user and agreed with proposing the drug as a stimulant and as pain medication. He believed it had potential as a cure for mental and physical problems, and morphine addiction. Additionally he supplied the drug to a close friend so as to replace his morphine due to a leg injury. The cocaine instead did not ease his pain, causing the acquaintance switch back to morphine. Freud was proven wrong, his reputation now damaged somewhat. Freud then went back to his theory of repression to form ... ... middle of paper ... ...As a child grew he argued that everyone is born “polymorphously perverse”, you could find sexual pleasure in any person or object. In turn, the libido is developed by changing the object that you took pleasure in. Although Freud had many theories, as they were brought up, they were disproven. Some noted facts against his theories is that they were based almost completely on a males development then assumed to be equal for females. There is also difficulty in testing. Concepts like libido cannot be measure and vary from person to person which made testing impossible. His predictions of the future were wrong as well as vague. The time gap between a childhood cause was too far away from the adulthood effect. Most importantly all his information was from case studies NOT empirical research and adults NOT children meaning all his research was faulty. What do you believe?
He began his university studies at the University of Vienna in 1873. He was enrolled in medical school, but focused his attention on biology (Thornton par. 3). Between the years 1885 and 1886, Freud spent his time in Paris. He was amazed by the work of Jean Charcot and his hypnotism. However, once back in Vienna, he discovered that the effects of hypnotism did not last long. He worked with Josef Breuer and together they discovered that neuroses were caused by traumatic experiences. They tried to find way to bring out these experiences in their patients, hoping to cure them. They published their finding under the title, Studies in Hysteria (1895). Freud and Breuer soon parted, due to Breuer not agreeing with Freud’s belief on sexual origins. Freud believed sexual desires and instincts drove people to think and act they way they do (McLeod par. 2) Freud's theories were not received well by society until 1908. After he was invited to teach courses in the United States, he gained the reputation he is known for today (Thornton par. 6). He developed psychoanalysis as a new science. Freud's successful and, appearance wise, happy career contrasted against his personal
. . . psycho-analysis observed the regularity with which libido is withdrawn from the object and directed on the ego (the process of introversion); and, by studying the libidinal development of children in its earliest phases, came to the conclusion that the ego is the true and original reservoir of libido, and that it is only from that reservoir that libido is extended on to objects. [1]
Freud's most important articles on homosexuality were written between 1905, when he published Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, and 1922, when he published "Certain Neurotic Mechanisms in Jealousy, Paranoia, and Homosexuality."[1] Freud believed that all humans were bisexual, by which he primarily meant that everyone incorporates aspects of both sexes, and that everyone is sexually attracted to both sexes. In his view, this was true anatomically and therefore also mentally and psychologically. Heterosexuality and homosexuality both developed from this original bisexual disposition.[2] As one of the causes of homosexuality Freud mentions the distressing heterosexual experience: "Those cases are of particular interest in which the libido changes over to an inverted sexual object after a distressing experience with a normal one."[3]
One of the first doctors to prescribe cocaine to his patients was Sigmund Freud. Freud thought that cocaine could be used to cure opium addiction and alcoholism. In reality, though, he was only substituting one addiction for another. Freud wrote a paper on the affects cocaine had on himself. "He found that the only really safe and proper medical use was as a painkiller (Woods 33)."
Freud originally attempted to explain the workings of the mind in terms of physiology and neurology ...(but)... quite early on in his treatment of patients with neurological disorders, Freud realised that symptoms which had no organic or bodily basis could imitate the real thing and that they were as real for the patient as if they had been neurologically caused. So he began to search for psychological explanations of these symptoms and ways of treating them.
Sigmund Freud's work as a psychologist brought him to an almost unparalleled fame in the psychoanalytic world. Freud can be seen as the predecessor of modern psychology. His views on the unconscious mind were groundbreaking to the 19th century world. He became interested in women's psychoanalysis and the fact that their sexual drive could cause them to become hysterical. During this time the world had believed that humans had control over both the knowledge they retained about themselves and their environment. This was when Freud came up with the idea of the unconscious mind. Through this theory, Freud suggested that individuals do not even know what they are thinking most of the time. In the case of Dora, Freud would conclude that she was sexually attracted to her father, his mistress, and the husband of her father's mistress subconsciously.
Freud started as a physiologist. The traditions of his day dealt with a mechanical approach to the human body and mind. Most conditions, such as "neurosis," were considered to be based on a biological base in the sense that symptoms sprung from a biological origin. Over time as Freud began to study matters like hypnotism on patients declared neurotic or psychotic, he began to broaden his practice of medicine and theory of how he understood the practice. Freud went beyond a neurological basis and developed a more distinctive psychological theory that was both normal and ab...
Psychology have always been a man’s field and based on the support of men psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson. Haplessly, the consequential involvement of women therapist were often disregarded in psychology textbooks. There were many women in psychology, however, who made critical contributions and availed shape the development of the field of psychology. (Very Well, 2017).
In 1896, Freud published an article entitled, “The Aetiology of Hysteria,” (Gleaves & Hernandez, 1999). Within the paper, he presented his scarcely known “seduction theory,” which stated that the repression of memories from childhood, and sometimes infant, sexual trauma produced hysterical symptoms in teenage and adult individuals (generally women) (Gleaves & Hernandez, 1999). Moreover, Freud claimed that the only way to alleviate these symptoms was through “the retrieval and reliving of repressed memories,” (Gleaves & Hernandez, 1999).
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian psychoanalyst in the twentieth century whose studies and interests were focused on psychosexual behavior, psychosocial behavior, and the unconscious. He blames incestual desires and acts on neurosis and believes neurotics were victimized and molested in their youth. Congruently, this is his explanation for sexual urges in children. He watched psychiatrists fail at inventions of electrical and chemical treatments for mental disorders, only for them to turn to treatments that followed concepts of psychoanalysis. Even though drugs diminish symptoms of suffering he believed psychoanalytic or talking therapy would truly restore a patient’s self-esteem and welfare. As quoted by Ernst G. Beier:
Freud also was a medical doctor that specialized in the treatment of nervous disorder also known as neuroses. His main focus was that of psychoanalysis. He was also the first person to map out the entire subconscious geography of the human psych. Through his studies, he concluded that disordered thinking was the result of fears experienced in childhood. These disorders can range from hysteria, anxiety, depression, and obsession. Through his studies, he argued that neurotic behaviors had to be treated by bringing childhood experiences to the surface and confront them.
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still being studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
...s. Freud's assumption that sex is the driving force behind everything could also be a product of his times. Sexual feelings were often repressed. The problem with paradigmatic assumptions is that each person grows up in a different culture and some theories don't apply to everyone. The problem with psychology remains that it is not an exact science. Though Jung’s ideals may have been molded by Freud and further critiqued and perfected, it may further be perfected in the future. And such is the arena of science, an ever-changing, dynamic field that undergoes much scrutiny and much refinement.
Sigmund Freud’s Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality was first published in 1905 and is still recognized today as one his most important psychoanalytical works on human sexuality. The essays were a much debated topic, and also a source of controversy, due in part to the second essay, “Infantile Sexualities,” which explores the notion that infants and young children are in fact sexual beings. This notion was especially disruptive to the larger society, because up until that point, and even still today, children were thought as asexual beings, which did not develop sexuality until the age of puberty.
Sigmund Freud is psychology’s most famous figure. He is also the most controversial and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Freud’s work and theories helped to shape out views of childhood, memory, personality, sexuality, and therapy. Time Magazine referred to him as one of the most important thinkers of the last century. While his theories have been the subject of debate and controversy, his impact on culture, psychology, and therapy is cannot be denied.