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Contributions of sigmund freud to human development
Sigmund Freud contribution to developmental psychology
Contributions of sigmund freud to human development
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Psychology have always been a man’s field and based on the support of men psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson. Haplessly, the consequential involvement of women therapist were often disregarded in psychology textbooks. There were many women in psychology, however, who made critical contributions and availed shape the development of the field of psychology. (Very Well, 2017).
One of today’s most influential psychologists that I’m writing about is Anna Freud, born in Vienna on December 3, 1895 the youngest six children, Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays, followed the same direction as her father and contributed to the field of psychoanalysis. Commenced her vocation under father's wing. She grew up in the household
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She used the process by her father Sigmund Freud with some changes directed towards the desiderata of kids. Child psychology has grown into a well-kenned therapeutical approach for children and adolescents. The work of Sigmund Freud was considered revolutionary in his engenderment of psychotherapy, or verbalize therapy, and his theories regarding childhood experiences affecting a person later in life. His legacy was perpetuated by his daughter Anna Freud in her pursuit of psychotherapy and her father’s theories as applied to children and adolescents. (Wikipedia, …show more content…
Throughout history many theories have been used to endeavor to expound the involute process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in engendering a substratum for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory designates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a Neo-Freudian philomath who developed psychosocial theory. In Erikson models there are eight major conflicts that occur during the course of an individual’s life. Developmental psychology is an area of research devoted to expounding the perpetuating magnification and transmute that occurs over the course of one’s life. Throughout history many varying theories have been used to endeavor to explicate the involute process of childhood experiences altering who individuals become as an adult. Freudian perspective, human development is predicated on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory betokens that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. It was Freud’s perspective that there are three components of personality that become integrated into his five stage theoretical model. The id was the biological or drive component that is innate from birth. The sole purport of the Id is satiate an individual’s internal
One of Freud's followers, Erik Erikson, developed his own theory called the psychosocial theory. Similar to Freud's theory, psychosocial theory also has a series of developmental stages. For example, in adolescence where Frued deems it to be the genital stage, Erikson calls this stage Identity vs. Role Confusion. The psychosocial theory focuses more on a series of choices an individual has to make throughout their life, each choice leads them to develop differently.
Melanie Klein was born in Vienna, Austria in 1882 on March 30th. She began being interested in psychoanalysis between 1910 -1919. She is said to be a pioneer of child analysis and early development. Melanie started working as a psychoanalyst around the time of World War I. In 1910 Klein and her family, which included a husband, and two children, (a daughter, and a son) moved to Budapest. In 1912 she became a member of the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Society, and started her analytic training with Sandor Fereczi. She later moved to Berlin and started working with Karl Abraham from 1924-1925. Although she spent more time with Fereczi than Abraham, her work with Abraham is considered more important to her work. (Juliet Mitchell, Selected Melanie Klein Pg. 9-10)
In this paper I attempt to describe the similarities and differences in both Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freuds ideas on development. I also attempt to describe the many influences that contributed to the creation of both Freud and Erikson's ideas of development as well as some background information on both theorists.
In the summer of 1915, Anna Freud established personal success as she successfully passed her teacher's examination. (Dyer, 1983) At this time, her career path differed from that of her father, Sigmund. Anna displayed early indications of a desire to work with children, whereas her father’s work was primarily focused on psychoanalysis of adults. She began translating her father's works into German. When the Freud Family vacationed separately, Anna would write to her father asking clarifications of psychoanalytic terms. While Anna displayed the qualities of a more than apt pupil of her father’s life work, her endeavors and efforts would establish her preeminence as a child psychoanalyst, an adept researcher, and a teacher. According to Dyer, (1983) Anna’s readings and translations of her father’s works marked the beginning of her direct involvement with the work of her father.
Anna Freud was born December 3, 1895 in Vienna Austria, and died October 9, 1982 in London, England. She was the last child of six to Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays. Anna was a psychologist of the 20th century. She is considered the co-founder of psychoanalytic child psychology alone with Melanie Klein. As her father put it, child psychology “had received a powerful impetus through the work of Frau Melanie Klein and of my daughter, Anna Freud”. Anna did her work emphasized the importance of the ego and the capacity to be able to trained it socially.She learned and gained a lot of knowledge from her father and the lot of guests he use to let come at there home. She also had to learned a lot of different languages including Hebrew, German and French, because she had to know how to speak them when she was the host for her dad guest. Growing up her childhood was very unhappy, which help her to study child psychology.Within my research paper i plan on covering as much information about Anna Freud as i have learned and read on my own, this stuff will includes: her early life, professi...
The aim of this essay is to clarify the basic principles of Freud’s theories and to raise the main issues.
Karen Horney, with her brilliant psychological mind, managed to do so as her legacy has stood the test of time. Her theories are still used today along with the principles she had implemented into her theories. She is a role model to many young psychologists throughout the world as she was likely the first influential woman psychologist. Her legacy carries on today through the world of psychology. Works Cited http://www2.webster.edu/woolflm/horney.html
Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson are two theorists that “believed the major determinants of personality are not conscious…[and] are the result of conflict through the various stages of development” (Cloninger 2013). Both theorists described different stages a person goes through during development. Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development were greatly influenced by Freud’s psychosexual stages of development. “Erikson’s theory builds on that of Freud, presuming hat biology provides the motivation of personality through the psychosexual stages that Freud outlined. However biological sexual energy is not the only consideration.” (Cloninger 2013). Rather than focusing on a person’s libido, also known as the person’s sexual-psychic energy, as the driving force behind personality, Erikson described how social influences could have an affect on a person’s personality.
The two important psychoanalytic theories on human development are psychosexual development theory by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. Many researchers use these two major approaches to analyze the human development in different stages of life. Since Freud’s approach was the foundation of Erikson’s psychosocial theory, there are many similarities between them. Even though they are both focusing on phases of life, there are still some differences on the definitions and ideas of life stages. In this paper, I will concentrate on Freud and Erikson’s ideas of different stages of human development because these two approaches always come together and they are mostly overlapping. Yet, there are divergences and transformations between all the stages.
Sigmund Freud was a pioneer within the field of psychology who developed multiple theories that introduced the world to the inner meanings of the human unconscious. He created the theory of psychoanalysis, which allowed him to enter the world of the unconscious mind. He also proposed that humans go through a transition of various psychosexual stages, each level containing a different drive and desire. These urges were governed by the three components of the mind: the id, the ego, and the superego. He also believed that humans create defense mechanisms in order to drive away anxiety, guilt, and depression. However, he believed his greatest work resided within his interpretation of dreams through a method he called dream analysis. Each aspect of his studies and theories attempt to identify the reason behind human behavior.
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a small town in Austro-Hungarian. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was an industrious wool merchant with a happy and witty personality. His mother was a cheerful and vivacious woman. He was one of nine siblings. He was the first-born child of Amali and Jacob; however, two male siblings where from his father’s first marriage. When he was a young boy, his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. At the age of twenty-six, he fell madly in love with Martha Bernays when she was visiting one of his sisters. Shortly thereafter, they married and had six children of their own three boys and three girls. His children describe him as a loving and compassionate man.
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to
Developmental psychology is an area of research dedicated to the understanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar who developed psychosocial theory. In Erikson models there are eight major conflicts that occur during the course of an individual’s life.
Out of the massive contributions made to developmental psychology, no psychologist had made a more significant contribution than Erik Erikson. As a young man, Erikson was highly influenced by the Freud family and their school of thought. However, Erikson disagreed with the Freudian concept of psychosexual stages, the idea that humans undergo stages of development and resolve basic conflicts by physical and pleasurable gratification (Santrock, 22). “According to Freud, the primary motivation for human behavior is sexual in nature according to Erikson, it is social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people,” (Santrock, 23). Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory is a well rounded view of life- span development, it incorporates important conflicts during each stage of development that most people can relate to and apply to their own development.
Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two very renowned developmental concepts. Erikson was persuaded by Freud’s ideas but he elaborated on the theory differently.