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a. COOH is the Carboxyl group or carboxylic acid, and aldehyde group.
b. COH is the Hydroxyl group, alcohol group, and aldehyde group.
C. COH is Hydroxyl group and alcohol group.
The corn syrup turned into a rust-like color which makes it a positive for reducing sugar.
b. The table sugar stayed blue so it is negative for reducing sugars.
c. Unknown 1 was not positive to reducing sugars as it stayed a ligh-blue color.
d. Unknown 2 was not positive to reducing sugars since it stayed blue.
e. Unknown 3 was a teal-blue making it negative for reducing sugars.
f. Unknown 4 turned an orange-red color making it positive for reducing sugars.
Onion juice produced an orange color making it negative for starch.
b. Water produced
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Medical diagnosis and lab testing can becommercial uses for biochemical testing to diagnose diseases. Animals are also checked for diseases and to make sure they are acceptable for human ingestion.
Covalent bond is the strongest of bonds and it happens when two atoms share the same electrons. An example of this would be H2.
Ionic bonds happen when an atom gives up the outer electrons to another atom, which produces an ion. The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positive charger and the other becomes negative. Examples of Ionic bonds are NaCI(Sodium Chloride) and MgO(Magnesium Oxide).
Hydrogen bonds only form between hydrogen and oxygen, nitrogen or flourine. It is a chemical bond that happens when a hydrogen atom is attracted to the electromagnetic atom of another molecule .
The difference between monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide is the number of molecules that bond. Monosaccharide has a single sugar molecule while disaccharide contains 2 sugar molecules that bond together due to dehydration. A Polysaccharide is 10 or more sugars that bond together due to
improved in any way unless another sugar was utilized. There were some things that were difficult to keep constant in the experiment and this is where my results may have wavered slightly. It was difficult to keep the temperature of the warm water constant as it dipped at times which could have had an effect on how efficient the enzymes were. The delivery tubes were becoming blocked sometimes and by shaking the test tube it cleared them. However as we shook the test tube a large number of bubbles were formed which may not have formed if we didn't shake the test tube.
This lab used many test to determine which functional groups were present in certain substance. The Benedicts test was used to identify reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) based on their ability to reuce the Capric ions to cuprous oxide at high pH. The Cuprous oxide is reddish orange in color when shown to be at high levels by the test, and greenish when at low levels. In both the onion juice and glucose solution the reducing sugar levels were very high, because the test came back dark orange. The starch solution had relatively low levels of reducing sugar present and this was seen by the test coming back cloundy blue, green and brown.
disaccharide, or double sugar. If more than two, such as hundreds and thousands bond, they form
Ions are atoms with an extra electron or a missing electron. But a normal atom would be neutral because it has the same number of electrons as the atomic number. If you are an atom and you are missing one electron, it does not mean that you are another atom, but you are not a complete atom either. You are something new, an ion. The goal of an atom is to be happy. If you have filled shells you are called stable. When you give up the extra electron you are attractive and other atoms want to bond with you. The two main types of bonding are covaent and electrovalent. Ionic bonds are really groups of charged ions held together by electric forces.
Such sugars act as a reducing agent, and is called a reducing sugar. By mixing the sugar solution with the Benedict's solution and adding heat, an oxidation-reducing reaction will occur. The sugar will oxidize, gaining oxygen, and the Benedict's reagent will reduce, loosing oxygen. If the resulting solution is red orange, it tests positive, a change to green indicates a smaller amount of reduced sugar, and if it remains blue, it tests negative. Ingredients: onion juice 5 test tubes   Procedure: 1. Marked 5 test tubes at 1 cm and 3 cm from the bottom.
A molecule is a group of atoms that are bonded together. Some are covalently bonded and others are ionically bonded. For example, an organic compound is a compound that is covalently bonded(blue book). Because it is covalently bonded, it’s valence electrons are shared, instead of transferred, like an ionic bond. For examp...
...ubstances that have different properties than the properties of the reactants (blue book). Most atoms form bonds with valence electrons only, which means the number of valence electrons determines if an atom will form a bond (eight electrons are usually unreactive, while fewer than eight tend to bond more often). Atoms bond to fill their outermost energy level. They would either lose share or gain an electron. In baking soda and vinegar, you may be wondering what bonding has to do with a chemical reaction. Well, in order for a chemical reaction to take place a bond must be broken. This happens because molecules are always moving which means if they bump with enough energy, the bond will break. The atoms then rearrange and new bonds form to make new substances (blue book). So behind the aesthetic view of the “white fizz,” there is always a scientific explanation.
Benedict’s test for reducing sugar results in colour changes from blue to green precipitate and lastly forms brick-red precipitate. In this case, Benedict’s solution which is aqueous solution of copper (II) sulphate, sodium carbonate and sodium citrate, used as a test of the presence of reducing sugar. Glucose is one of the reducing sugars. Functional group of aldehyde (CHO) and keto (C=O) are found in glucose. Benedict’s test will detect on functional group of aldehyde and keto. As glucose has this functional group, the Benedict’s test shows positive results by changing the colour of Benedict’s reagent from blue colour to green then to brick red precipitate. Therefore this test is semi quantitative. This is due Benedict’s reagent reduces copper (II) sulphate forming a precipitate of copper (I) oxide upon heating. Blue colour means no reducing sugar, green precipitate represents less sugar and brick red precipitate means more sugars form. Hence, intensity of colour indicates amount of sugar.
To determine the difference between sucrose and the corn syrup you can perform the Barfoed’s test because sucrose will fail the test because it is a non-reducing disaccharide while corn syrup will pass because corn syrup is a combination of glucose and
By definition, a molecule which forms a covalent bond by accepting a pair of electrons is called an electrophile. Any molecule, ion or atom that is electron deficient in any way can behave as an electrophile.
A bond is a "security" which gives the holder a financial claim on the issuer. This claim protects the holder in circumstances in which the issuer is unable to pay the amount due. It is made formal by the "trust indenture", a legal document, which specifies all of the bond's features and the legal rights and obligations of all the parties to the agreement (http://www.finpipe.com/bndchar.htm).
From these properties of bonds we will see that there are two fundamental types of bonds--covalent and ionic. Covalent bonding represents a situation of about equal sharing of the electrons between nuclei in the bond. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms of approximately equal electronegativity. Because each atom has near equal pull for the electrons in the bond, the electrons are not completely transferred from one atom to another. When the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a bond is large, the more electronegative atom can strip an electron off of the less electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb's Law.
The sugar is in a form of white or clear when it is refined from a raw state. It
the bonds. This behaviour can be explained with the content as discussed earlier, which is, an
This bonding happens when the hydrogen bonding is between H-atom of one molecule and an atom of any electronegative element of another molecule. For ex (i) hydrogen bonding between the molecules of hydrogen fluoride. (ii) hydrogen bonding in alcohols or molecules of water.