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Bioterrorism research paper
Harms of bioterrorism
Bioterrorism research paper
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In 1984, a guru named Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, led a community of followers known as the Rajineeshees to what would be a significant terrorist attack on United States soil. Researchers Kortpeter and Parker (1999) write that in The Dalles, Oregon, The Rajhneeshees attempted to change local elections by placing Salmonella Typhimurium into salad bars in restaurants (para. 4). Due to their low key status, they were able to carry out this biological attack with pathogens that were ready available, while staying underground. On September 17, 1984 the health department in Wasco County, Oregon was beginning to be flooded with calls of suspected food poisoning. While at first these seemed like routine calls, the health department started to notice a trend; all of these reported cases came from a select few restaurants. Within a week, the total number of reported cases was approximately 750 people to which the CDC became involved. After initial testing, the CDC made the determination that this was a deliberate attack with the use …show more content…
This would allow the Rajihneeshees to enter their candidates with the hope of winning some seats. Journalist Mara Bovson (2013) writes that a later investigation showed that this attack was a "scheme was a practice run for a massive attempt to incapacitate Oregon voters by slipping bacteria into the water supply (para. 17)". So were the Rajihneeshees successful in their endeavor? If one were to look at it from a mission point of view, then the answer would be no. They did not secure any seats in the election so therefore the mission was a failure. However, as stated in the initial post, sometimes a biological attack is aimed to cause death or disease which brings about widespread panic. When that angle is presented then the answer to the question is yes, they were successful in causing widespread disease and
Communicable diseases are one of the major concerns in public health, as it poses a significant threat to the population. The study of epidemiology allows nurses to understand the cause of the disease and helps determine the levels of prevention to be implemented in order to limit the spread of the disease (Lundy & Janes, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to: a) use an epidemiological model to identify the organism involved in the case study, as well as its pathology, etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis; b) describe the distribution of health events within Schenectady; c) identify the determinants affecting morbidity and mortality; d) determine the deterrents that exists within the affected population; e) calculate the outbreak’s incubation period; f) identify the individuals affected during endemic levels; g) provide a list of foods that were most susceptible to mass contamination; and h) determine the people involved in the food borne outbreak and analyze the possible cause of this occurrence.
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
Salmonella is one danger that has caused many effects to consumers. Walsh writes about one incident when an outbreak “from tainted peanuts that killed at least eight people and sickened 600,” (Walsh 167). This incident left many people asking the same question, how can we trust the food that we put into our bodies? Salmonella, a type of food poisoning caused by bacteria found on different food types has caused an epidemic because of its domino effect on food and our health. Once one factory is contaminated, that factory could be housing both crops and meat, which is then transferred to our supermarkets and on our dinner tables. ...
McCoy, J. J. How Safe Is Our Food Supply? New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print.
In his book Death in the Haymarket, James Green recounted the American labor movement in the late 1800s. Green’s main focus in his book was the bombing of Haymarket, which occurred on May 4 of 1886. Beginning as a peaceful protest promoting the eight-hour work day, a bomb was thrown causing devastating consequences. The Haymarket bombing almost ended the labor movement altogether, with unjustified trials and fear implemented amongst all Americans. However, it is important to know that the Haymarket bombing is not just an isolated event. From starting out with wage cuts, to people going on strike, labor unions starting up, to almost losing the labor movement altogether. The Haymarket bombing
By dusk on May 19, 1920, ten men lay dead in the coal mining town of Matewan, West Virginia, due to a weapon fight between striking coal excavators and Baldwin Felts investigators procured by the Stone Mountain Coal Corporation. The Matewan Massacre, as it was later called, ended up noticeably as a standout amongst the most renowned occasions in West Virginia and Appalachian history. It was likewise an exciting point for the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). The occasion has frequently been conjured as an image of work battle or as the result of outside unsettling. Yet, in “Matewan Before the Massacre: Politics, Coal, and the Roots of Conflict in a West Virginia Coal Mining Community”, public historian Rebecca J. Bailey returns the story and memory of the Matewan Massacre to Matewan's citizens, Bailey examines nearly ninety oral histories (many of which she conducted) from the 1989 Matewan Oral History Project and other documents previously unavailable to scholars, as well as local newspaper clippings, coal industry documents, and correspondence with witnesses. The questions that began Bailey's scholarly study cut to the heart of the Matewan myth: If the
Meatpacking has become the most dangerous job in America. Unlike poultry plants, in which almost all tasks are performed by machines, most of the work in a slaughterhouse is done by hand. Hazards of the job include injuries from the various machines and knives, strain to the body from poor working conditions, and even methamphetamine use in order to keep up with the production line. Women face the added threat of sexual harassment. This chapter opens with an anecdote about the largest recall of food in the nation’s history. In 1997 approximately 35 million pounds of ground beef was recalled by Hudson Foods because a strain of E Coli was found in the food. However, by the time the beef was recalled, 25 million pounds had already been eaten. Schlosser notes that the nature of food poisoning is changing. Prior to the rise of large meatpacking plants, people would become ill from bad food in small, localized arenas. Now, because meat is distributed all over the nation, an outbreak of food poisoning in one town may indicate nation-wide epidemic. Every day in the United States, 200, 000 people are sickened by a food borne
In 1972, R.I.S.E, a terrorist group was found to be guilty for contaminating Chicago’s water supply. The alleged plot to poison water was led by Steve Pera and Allan Schwander. The then commissioner of the Chicago’s water and sewage commission regarded the attack as a scheme of harebrained people and could not have worked. Typhoid germs were introduced to the drinking water supply by two college students, Pera and Schwander. However, the commissioner said that any plan to contaminate water will fail because of the chlorine being continuously pumped to water supplies every day. With that, Typhoid bacteria won’t be able to survive the said procedure. Apart from Chlorine, the water filtration plants are guarded 24/7 so plans of any attack won’t be feasible. The two students were held in Cook County Jail and had a bond of $250,000 each. Pera and Schwander were 18 and 19 years old, respectively, during the said attack. According to investigations, RISE, the terrorist group formed by the two suspects, were created to create the basis of the newly formed master race. The bacterial culture was prepared by Pera in Mayfair City College’s laboratory where deadly microorganisms are abundant. In fact, Pera used to work as a volunteer in St. Lukes Hospital but was terminated because of his attempt to acquire unauthorized chemicals (The Ledger, 1972).
The Kwangju Massacre, also widely known as the Kwangju Democratic Uprising to those who support the movement played a significant role in the course of democratization of South Korea. This research paper focuses on why the Kwangju Uprising occurred and the role of the United States. Many South Koreans felt that the United States supported President Chun’s military government and outlook the injustice that was taking place in Kwangju. The Kwagju Massacre ended with the army seizing the Province hall once again on May 27th 1980. Even with the defeat, the Kwangju Uprising gave aspiration to the citizen that they are able to bring change in the government policies.
Ramzi Yousef planted the bomb beneath the World Trade Center. Ahmad Ajaj was another conspirator, but was arrested in September 1992 due to document fraud. Materials taken from Ajaj indicated that multiple plots to bomb major New York landmarks were conceived in Khaldan camp. The camp is one of AQ’s external operations located on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border that provide substantial resources to carrying out terrorist attacks. Working with Yousef for the 1993 bombing were Mohammed Salameh, Nidal Ayyad, and Mahmoud Abouhalima. The three led the FBI to the Farouq mosque where Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman was a central figure. Rahman often preached the message of Sayyid Qutb’s Milestones. The 9/11 Commission Report cites that the manifesto characterizes
To sum up, Union Carbide handled the crisis cleverly but not well enough because it knew what would the India government and court react to this incident. Union Carbide controlled the whole situation and took lead of the lawsuits itself. The India government and court didn¡¦t help those victims as much as they needed instead. The function of government, designed to protect its people, disappeared in this case.
In nineteen-seventy-four, the Russia military was attempting to invade the small country of Afghanistan. The Russians were attempting to spread the idea of communism in another primitive country. The Stephyphilis was spotted within the mountains of Afghanistan, causing havoc within small Afghan villages. Rather than conducting a few scale war, the United States would now rely on the local population in capturing this monster. At first, the local population was skeptical of fighting a devilish beast; however, soon realized the amount of money and weapons the United States would give them in attempt to capture the Russian beast. The Afghanistan people were quickly armed with American machine guns, grenades, and anti-aircraft
One major outbreak was on March and April 1998. The major outbreak was Salmonella Enteritidis associated with the contamination of cheese in a commercial product. This happened in Newfoundland. Nearly 700 cases were reported, most of which were children that got the illness. It was found that the source of the outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis was the cheese in a prepackaged processed lunch packs. The cheese was contaminated when it was being packaged into the lunch packs. It was never found how the cheese got contaminated, but they discover that the cheese was contaminated before it arrived to the place where the products were processed and packaged. They suspect that something must have happen in Parmalat¡¦s plant, the company that provides the cheeses for the lunch pack, because it was only the cheese that got contaminated. However, they will not release any information, so the real explanation of how the cheese got contaminated will never be known.
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. Food borne illnesses are diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. “In industrialized countries, the percentage of people suffering from food borne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America, for example, around 76 million cases of food borne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.” (Geneva 2)
The third weakness is the fact that food tests, inspections, and the detection of contaminants are taken seriously only after an outbreak of some food-borne diseases, food poisoning, or deaths. The increase in the number of food establishments or outlets such as cold stores, hypermarkets, and supermarkets reported by the Public Health Director has also made inspection and control mo...