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Bioterrorism research paper
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A hidden threat against the USA is becoming more and more potentially catastrophic; bioterrorism is now almost unstoppable. With new technologies such as genetic engineering, pathology, and high tech electronics, an attack of bioterrorism could have a record breaking number of fatalities. The truth of the matter is that this is real and very dangerous. There are secret bioweapon research facilities all across the world being hidden right under our noses. The threat of bioterrorism against the USA is greatly increasing and going unnoticed; as a response, we need to take action to be prepared for this catastrophic event.
New technologies are making bioterrorists better equipped and making research and development easier. Genetic engineering is the first example of how a bioweapon could be easily made for mass destruction. A virus such as Ebola Zaire – a virus with up to a 90% death rate – could be engineered to have an easier way of transmission. The small change, a change in only a few genes, could potentially destroy most, if not all, life on earth. If Ebola Zaire was engineered to have the same way of spreading as Ebola Reston, which spreads through the air (Preston 336), it could reach death tolls that have only lived in fiction.
Studies in pathology also aid to the likeliness of a successful attack. In the past, we have studied how a disease could be placed to cause the optimal number of deaths. The secret program that was run from 1932 to 1945 at Camp (now Fort) Detrick, in Frederick, MD, staged 239 pathology related open air experiments. These experiments used benign bacterial substitutes to track how clouds of bacteria spread in the environment (Drexler). A terrorist that gets access to the data from these experiments or th...
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...everyone to own and know how to operate a space suit similar to those in The Hot Zone by Richard Preston, then a bioterrorism attack would be quickly foiled. Other technologies such as filters to install in houses and cars would be a great step in keeping airborne diseases out of enclosed spaces. Also, it is good to be aware of the properties of these diseases and how they spread.
The thought of an attack actually occurring in the United States may seem a little farfetched, but it may be more of a reality than just science fiction. Bioterrorism is a real threat and you can take action to help maintain the threat. Staying informed and alert about diseases and how they spread can help keep the USA a safe place and minimize the effects of a bioterrorism attack. It is up to us to know what to do in case of catastrophe. Stay informed and help keep our country safe!
This summer we had an opportunity to dive into the world of bioweapons, through Richard Preston’s novel The Demon in the Freezer. His book explored the colorful world of smallpox and its use as a biological weapon. Earlier this week we were graced with this authors present for an ACES event. He discussed some of the found topics in his book such as animal testing, what small pox is, and even its eradication. One of the great things we had the chance of vocalizing were our many opinions on the gloom associated with this intriguing disease.
The Demon in the Freezer by Richard Preston is an intriguing book that discusses the anthrax terrorist attacks after 9/11 and how smallpox might become a future bioterrorist threat to the world. The book provides a brief history of the smallpox disease including details of an outbreak in Germany in 1970. The disease was eradicated in 1979 due to the World Health Organization’s aggressive vaccine program. After the virus was no longer a treat the World Health Organization discontinued recommending the smallpox vaccination. In conjunction, inventory of the vaccine was decreased to save money. The virus was locked up in two labs, one in the United States and one in Russia. However, some feel the smallpox virus exists elsewhere. Dr. Peter Jahrling and a team of scientists at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Maryland became concerned terrorists had access to the smallpox virus and planed to alter the strain to become more resistant. These doctors conducted smallpox experiments to discover more effective vaccines in case the virus were released. Preparedness for a major epidemic is discussed as well as the ease with which smallpox can be bioengineered.
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
In today’s society the word “terrorism” has gone global. We see this term on television, in magazines and even from other people speaking of it. In their essay “Controlling Irrational Fears After 9/11”, published in 2002, Clark R. Chapman and Alan W. Harris argue that the reaction of the American officials, people and the media after the attacks of 9/11 was completely irrational due to the simple fact of fear. Chapman and Harris jump right into dismembering the irrational argument, often experienced with relationships and our personal analysis. They express how this argument came about from the terrorist being able to succeed in “achieving one major goal, which was spreading fear” among the American people (Chapman & Harris, para.1). The supporters of the irrational reaction argument state that because “Americans unwittingly cooperated with the terrorist in achieving the major goal”, the result was a widespread of disrupted lives of the Americans and if this reaction had been more rational then there would have been “less disruption in the lives of our citizens” (Chapman & Harris, para. 1).
Publication of this can help us to develop better cures for the worst viruses. In addition, people will know how deadly it is, and if they get the virus, they will know what it is. On the other hand, Michael Specter gave an example of Clinton’s speech about bioterrorism. Hilarity Clinton says, “Evidence in Afghanistan. Al Queda in the Arabian Peninsula made a call to arms for – and I quote – ‘brothers with degrees in microbiology or chemistry to develop a weapon of mass destruction”.
"History of Bioterrorism." Chronological. Office of The Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1997. Web. 22 July 2012. http://www.bio-terry.com/HistoryBioTerr.html
Ryan, Jeffrey R., and Jan F. Glarum. Biosecurity & Bioterrorism: Containing and Preventing Biological Threats. Oxford: Elsevier Inc., 2008.
The United States has endured numerous security breaches and high security threats over the past two decades. After the attacks on 9/11, the office of Intelligence became a vital source in retrieving sensitive data and tracking down potential terrorists and their networks which could pose a threat to the American people and then forwarding that vital information to the Department of Homeland Security and other government agencies. Intelligence became a key role in “assessing threats to critical American infrastructures, bio-and nuclear terrorism, pandemic diseases, threats to the borders to the nation, and radicalization within American society” (Randol, 2009, p. 7). The sharing of homeland security intelligence has become a precedence for Congress and the government. Our nation must be one step ahead of any potential terrorists that want to harm our turf. Within this text the capabilities and limitations of both domestic and foreign intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts will be explained;
Plague originated in China in the 1330s. At first rats and fleas carried out the plague. In 1347 the plague hits the Europe after the Eurpoean merchants returns from the Black Sea. Hunderds and thousands people died within couple days, in four years Europe’s population almost wiped out by third. Jews and people were blamed for the plague. Europeans believe Jews put the poision on the wells caused the disease.
Think of the bioterrorism attack using anthrax in 2001 and how it jeopardized the safety and security of the community. What would protect the community from this disastrous attack in the future?
Science and technology are rapidly advancing everyday; in some ways for the better, and in some, for worse. One extremely controversial advance is genetic engineering. As this technology has high potential to do great things, I believe the power genetic engineering is growing out of control. Although society wants to see this concept used to fight disease and illness, enhance people 's lives, and make agriculture more sustainable, there needs to be a point where a line is drawn.
The recent horrific attacks on France highlighted one of the number one threats to Homeland Security, which is the evolving terrorist. The Evolving terrorist threat is of major concern since 9/11 because “its demonstrated and continued interest in advancing plots to attack the United States” (). A major concern in this area for the United States is the propaganda that is used to motivate individuals who have not participated in terrorist activities or traveled to conflict zones, teaching and training them to plot and carry out attacks on civilian populations. Another huge concern to Homeland security is the threat to our cyber-physical infrastructure. “A vast array of interdependent information technology network, systems, services, and resources enable communication, facilitate travel, power our homes, run our economy and provide essential government services” (). The everyday citizen is so reliant on technology and everything in our country is so interconnected that if the cyber-physical infrastructure would to be compromised it would create a devastating chain reaction across the country. The third concern for Homeland Security is the threat of a pandemic. Even though it is noted as being a very low probability, the impact of it happening even once would be very high impact. “Increasing global
One of the world’s most dreaded plagues for centuries, smallpox is now eradicated. Vaccination programs were pushed worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the disease was eliminated from the world. This push resulted in the last naturally occurring case in the world being almost 40 years ago. Once eradicated the once routine or mandatory vaccinations were stopped for the general public and it was deemed no longer necessary to prevent the disease. Although currently eradicated worldwide, two medical laboratory stockpiles still remain in Russia and the United States. With these stockpiles in existence the possibility of bio terrorism emerges and fear of these stockpiles getting into the wrong hands and being weaponized for use against the public is rising. The smallpox disease is highly contagious and easily communicable and currently there is no cure for this disease. If reintroduced, an epidemic would be devastating worldwide.
The Black Plague (1348-1350) was the biggest tragedy Europe has ever faced because of the social and economic downfalls, which caused a huge loss of millions of people due to the terrible disease. The Black Plague was the largest epidemic that Europe has ever seen; it killed off fifty percent of their society all around. The economy was corrupt and it caused inflation. The Black Plague destroyed the social standings within society, and also the origin of why there were so many deaths in Europe.
Microbes are microscopic life forms, usually too small to be seen by the naked eye. Although many microbes are single-celled, there are also numerous multi-cellular organisms. The human body has 10-100 trillion microbes living on it, making it one giant super-organism. Since the first link between microbes and diseases was made, people have been advised to wash their hands. Scientists, however, have recently started to investigate more closely how the microbes that call the human body home affect our health. While some microbes cause disease, others are more beneficial, working with our bodies in many subtle ways.