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Compare and contrast the various theories of teaching and learning
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As a future teacher, my teaching philosophy is that I want to be known as the teacher that teaches outside the box and does not have a limit to what I teach. I would like to educate the students on learning how to look for more resources to learn and not just stick to what they learn in class. I prefer to be known as the teacher that gives a lot of work and teaches big lessons but that the students can say that they do learn and fully understand what they are seeing in class. I want to prepare my students for their future, that every student can be fully prepared on what they will be exposed to in future grade levels. Of course, to accomplish a successful teaching in my classroom I will use behaviorism as my literacy teaching theory. Behaviorism is a theoretical perspective of learning that focusses on changes in behavior. (Tracey, 2012) In other words, I will be teaching according to how the student behaves, the better they behave the better and faster I will be teaching. But if the student misbehaves then that will alter my teaching because I will not be able to continue until I feel that the students is behaving again. At first I thought that this theory had nothing to do with …show more content…
Even thought, behaviorism is my type of teaching I figure out that only one of the theories goes with my teaching philosophy. “Sara’s reading problems would investigate the use of reinforces and punishments in the learning situation” (Tracey, 2012). According to an article this is what B.F Skinner believed and researched about, which is called Operant Conditioning Theory. Skinner created this theory because according to his research the use of reinforcement and punishment affected the change in behavior. (Tracey, 2012) Using my experience, I can totally agree with Skinner when including rewards and punishment in my teaching the behavior of the student
F. Skinner focuses on behaviorism which primarily deals with what can be observed and measured. B.F. Skinner believes through operant conditioning you can create desired (or undesired) behaviors in anyone. Operant conditioning is changing behavior through the use of reinforcement after the desired action is given; a behavior that is rewarded positively is more likely to continue and a behavior that is rewarded negatively would likely stop occurring (Santrock,2014). In addition to reinforcement, Skinner also talks about punishment. Reinforcement increases the probability an action or behavior will be repeated, while punishment is intended to decrease a behavior (McLeod, 2015). When Laurie was younger, she thought she was being sent to school every day to socialize with her friends and that learning was a secondary, unintentional happenstance. In third grade, compared to the other students in her class, she was falling short in reading and math. She couldn’t pay attention and often disrupted the class by talking with the people around her. Laurie’s third grade teacher got fed up with her behavior, so she placed Laurie’s desk next to her own in front of the class and then slapped Laurie’s desk with the ruler every time she caught her not paying attention. After a couple months, Laurie no longer required a slap on the desk to pay attention. According to Skinner, this behavior modification is punishment, not reinforcement, as the teacher was trying to decrease Laurie’s preference for daydreaming. However, as a result of not daydreaming, Laurie’s grades improved. Her parent’s began to reward her with $3 for every A she earned, using positive reinforcement to get Laurie to continue performing well. Due to operant conditioning, Laurie passed third grade and remained a top student the rest of her life, graduating from college with honors. If you ask Laurie to
Reece & Walker states the behaviourism is teacher centred and relies upon the expectation of the provision of a stimulus to produce a response however, ‘students are often seen as passive’. Therefore, without a stimulus there would be no response and is only visible externally. The teacher provides the stimulus for a response to occur, resulting in a change of behaviour that can be measured.
Behaviorism is a foundational theory in the world of psychology. However, behaviorism though it was a flourishing influential idea during the beginnings of psychology, it suffered a decline when other aspects of scientific research entered the psychology practice. Behaviorism was the scientific study of behavior. A plethora of great thinkers have made their marks with discoveries in behaviorism but B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential thinkers during the decline of behaviorism and the rise of experimental psychology.
Behaviorism, or learning theory is one of three “grand theories” of human development. The focus of behaviorism is observable behavior, with no reference to mental processes. As a learning theory behaviorism, assumes that learning occurs via interactions with the environment, through the process of conditioning.
Notice that each one of the pioneers discovery was done through observation of something. It is safe to say that Behaviorist believe that behavior is the result of stimulus and their responses. Since behavior therapy is based upon behaviorism, a working definition for Behavior therapy—rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment (psychology.about.com). Unlike the other therapies, behavior therapy is based on four theories, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning approach and cognitive behavior therapy.
The processes within each of the three learning theories offer valuable self-regulation strategies for my specialization of psychology. My interest is criminology and I would have to apply all three learning theories in my cases to allow me to solve cases. Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and contends that there are no philosophical differences between publicly observable processes (such as actions) and privately observable processes, such as
Behaviorism is the study of human and animal behavior. The idea behind behaviorism is that behavior is altered by stimuli in the environment and can be reinforced by reward or punishment. Behaviorism can be dated back to the 1800’s and has been studied by many psychologists. But the term behaviorism was known to be brought on by psychologist, John Watson, who wrote the article, “Psychology as the behaviorist views it”, that claimed behaviorism should be considered a natural science, rather than a theory. (Malone 2014) In Watson’s eyes “Psychology should embrace behavior as it’s subject matter and rely on experimental observation of that subject matter as its method” (Moore 2011)
Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental states. It is a form of materialism, denying any independent significance for mind. Its significance for psychological treatment has been profound, making it one of the pillars of pharmacological therapy. One of the assumptions of behaviorist thought is that free will is illusory, and that all behavior is determined by the environment either through association or reinforcement.
Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that has a theoretical approach that gives emphasis to the study of behavior in place of the subject of the mind or the physiological correlates of one's behavior. Behavior is the externally visible response to a stimulus of an animal or human (Weidman). B.F. Skinner is one of the most prominent psychologists of the study of behaviorism. Skinner was on the advance of behaviorism. B.F. Skinner created a group of theories that set out to prove that subjective impetus is not what behavior in humans and animals is so much based on but that behavior is more based on possible reward received and chastisement applied to the animal or human (Newsmakers). Skinner entered into the branch of behaviorism in the 1920s. Behaviorism was still a fairly new branch to psychology at this time. However, Skinner's experiments in his libratory were broadly consideration to be electrifying and ground-breaking, illuminating an knowledge of human behavior and logistics (Newsmakers). Skinner called such behavior based on possible reward received and chastisement that was followed by the repetition of that behavior operant.
Upon being faced with the task of writing my philosophy of teaching, I made many attempts to narrow the basis for my philosophy down to one or two simple ideas. However, I quickly came to the realization that my personal teaching philosophy stems from many other ideas, philosophies, and personal experiences. I then concentrated my efforts on finding the strongest points of my personal beliefs about teaching and what I have learned this semester, and came up with the following.
Behaviorism known as learning theory states that the reason why people think, act, and feel the way they do is because they learned it. John Watson in 1913 started this movement claiming that learning wasn’t just about our neutrons or your genes. It’s believed that all behavior is learned from surrounding behaviors and behavior is a result of stimulus and response. Behaviorism is also scientific but ignores biology, it has many experiments to support its theories and is highly applicable in therapy. There are three ways to apply behaviorism, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
There are three main behaviorist trends that are associated with Behaviorism and help us to understand human development. These are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory. They not only have historical value but also provide useful concepts to understanding human development.
According to the Dictionary of Psychology, Behaviorism is a theory of learning that is based upon the idea that all behaviors are obtained from their outside observations and not in one’s thoughts or feelings. In the 20th century, three important scientists John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner proved that Behaviorism is the study of observable behavior, as opposed to internal such as emotions and thinking. Although they all have their different forms of behaviorism, there ideas are similar. Behaviorism is the study of human behavior and is mainly based on the belief that all human behavior is learned through conditioning of the environment.
The main instance that I use behaviorism in my classroom is through positive reinforcement. I praise, praise, praise my students all day. Students who are such young learners receive much motivation when they hear praise and specific praise at that. It allows them to be eager to please their teacher and provides a sense of self-accomplishment. In my classroom, I also use a treasure chest, reward coupons and PBIS reward money as major components of positive reinforcement. At the beginning of the year, I teach my students my classroom expectations and that I expect the best from them. This includes all of their daily work, including journal writing, morning work, etc. My students know what my desired outcome is. Student’s behavioral efforts are measured and collected on a weekly basis through a behavior chart. Their assignments are measured on accuracy and completeness in order to help them recognize the importance of their effort in finishing an assignment. I utilize a rubric on many of my assignments in order to help them achieve their best. Their meeting certain standards on their weekly behavior chart allows them to receive
When thinking of a philosophy of teaching, four major issues need to be considered. Those issues are one’s views on education, the role of the teacher, teaching and learning, and on the children. This is something that someone entering the teaching profession needs to give serious thought to and realize the importance that this will hold in the future. The following essay will express my philosophy of teaching.