Task 1
• Basic Hydraulic Principles
A simple hydraulic system consists of the following components
• Hydraulic fluid,
• Pistons or rams,
• Cylinders,
• Accumulator or oil reservoir,
• Working mechanism, and
• Safety devices.
They control variety equipments which transmits force that are carried by Hydraulic Fluid in a specific medium. In modern systems hydraulics transfer forces which are accurate and rapidly even in small pipes of any shape and a long distance.
• Pascal’s Law:
Pascal's Law, framed by Blaise Pascal, states that “Pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts with equal force on all equal areas of the confining walls and perpendicular to the walls." This is the Hydraulic system basic principle.
• Hydraulic Pressure & Force:
Pressure can be defined as “the force acting on unit area, applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the object”.
Pressure = Force/ Area.
This is stated as the force exerted by a fluid on unit area, on the surface anywhere within the system.
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/43171-what-are-the-basic-principles-of-hydraulics/
Brake system
This illustrates Pascal's law in a hydraulic press, and this principle is also used in aircraft to brakes. There is a mechanical advantage you can create where a small force is used to gain a larger force somewhere else.
Directional Control Valve
• Check Valve
• Directional spool valve
• Directional poppet valve
Pressure Control Valve
• Control task: variable throttle valve
• Switching task: fixed throttle valve
Electro-hydraulic valve
• Servo hydraulic valves
• Proportional hydraulic valve
http://www.dta.eu/hydraulics/hydraulic-valves
Task 2
Hydraulic Fluid
Transmitting then pressure from the fluid which is used, lubricate the parts of the hydraulic system and also act as a coolant. The oil used has a low viscosity for easy filling of aluminum pips and all other pipes. As the oil heats up it retain the properties over a wide temperature range.
Three types of hydraulic oil are used:
• Vegetable,
• Mineral
• Synthetic based.
Vegetable
These are colored blue and made from Alcohol and castor oil. They are mostly used in older aircraft where natural rubber seals are used. These Vegetable oil can also cause corrosion or sludge.
Mineral
These are colored red and they are based on a widely used kerosene petrochemical product. They have good lubricating properties which in small quantities occupy corrosion and foaming. They are stable and low viscosity which changes with temperature. Mineral oils are flammable and may not be used with rubbers.
Synthetic
These are colored purple and are less flammable then the mineral oil. They attract water as they are based on synthetic phosphate eater. They also attacks certain paint and plastics.
The product was made from 4-methylcyclohexanol. The chemical, 4-methylcyclohexanol is used in industrial settings. In 2014, West Virginia was exposed to this chemical in drinking water. Since this chemical is used to wash coal of its impurities, it was unsafe to drink the water as well as take a shower (CNN). Similarly, 4-methylcyclohexanol has a strong smell which may cause people to have symptoms like vomiting, skin irritation, and trouble breathing. Diesel is also replaced by 4-methylcyclohexanol (National Geographic).
They just forgot to mention the other effects of fluids in nature. “The influence of the fluid on a body moving through it depends not only on the body’s velocity but also on the velocity of the fluid,” this is called relative velocity ( ). The relative velocity of a body in a fluid has an effect on the magnitude of the acting forces. For example, as a long distance runner is running into a head wind, the force of the fluid is very strong. If the runner is running with the help of a tail wind, the current’s force is reduced and may even be unnoticeable.
There are advantages to using 2-butoxyethanol as a key component of paints, inks, and primers. Due to its bipolar nature, it can help remove polar and nonpolar substances, and is found in many household cleaning products.
This fluid is made up of 32.5% urea in 67.5% de-ionized water. This mixture is then injected into the exhaust stream using an advanced catalyst system. When DEF is released into the exhaust stream the hot exhaust causes the fluid to release ammonia which then breaks down the greenhouse harming gas of NOx into nitrogen and water. This fluid must be refilled at approximately every 10,000 miles (Voelcker).
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The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely
it is lighter than aluminium, and is used in alloys used for aircraft, car engine casings, and missile construction
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states that "a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal the weight
Adhesive Force: The attractive forces between unlike molecules. In some cases adhesion causes the liquid to cling to the surface where it rests.
Flame retardants refer to a class of several chemicals that are used to slow or prevent the ignition or growth of fires. A variation of different chemicals, with diverse properties and structures, are combined in different ways to suit the different types of materials to make them fire-resistant without interfering with their intended use or performance. Since the 1970’s, FRs have been and still are widely added or applied to a big variety of major consumer products.
The concept of buoyancy states that the upward force of an object immersed inside a fluid is equal to the amount of weight of the fluid it has displaced. The concept is also known as the Archimedes’ principle. After the mathematician, inventor and physicist Archimedes discovered it(Buoyancy - Concept, How it works 2014).
Mathematically, Hooke’s law states that F equals the displacement or extension length multiplies a constant k, or F = k∆l. F is the force in the spring which migh...
made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal