In 2008, Oscar Pistorius had been banned from the Olympics due to his prosthetics. Through intense research the IAAF had claimed that they had found data that pointed toward Oscar having an advantage with his prosthetic limb. His advantage would breach one of the qualifying rules which is that an athlete may not use any device that gives them an advantage. However the CAS had ruled that the data the IAAF found was inconclusive and the disqualification of Pistorius was uncalled for (Chappell). Ethics of banning amputees from the Olympics has arisen due this controversy. The ADA protects all amputees from unfair exclusion and “The Practice and Compliance Manual” identifies effective rules and procedures in admitting new athletes. Yet, forcing …show more content…
the admission of all amputee athletes would be costly and redundant. (Draft 2) Greenemeier, a writer large publishers like PBS, found that it is easier for amputee athletes to maintain a speed versus getting to that speed.
This can be taken as either an advantage or disadvantage, however it does not remove the fact that the technique of an abled-bodied athlete will be different. However, Greenemeier also found out that Oscar had used 17% less energy than elite runner. This points to a large advantage as that is a large portion of energy other able-bodied athletes may have had to use. The research the IAAF showed Greenemeier had revealed even more biological advantages, this may include; repositioning times, oxygen used energy wasted and returned and even how the body uses a prosthetic limb. These lab results is what the IAAF presented and disqualified Oscar for. Some may argue still has to cope with the loss of energy return from the ankles however, researchers found that ankles would be less efficient than Oscar’s prosthetics (Gibbs). Hassani, who has a PhD in statistics, found in his research that some amputee types actually have advantage each other. This makes allowing more amputees into the Olympics as they may be paired with another athlete that innately has the advantage or disadvantage. Both Gibbs, a renowned TIMES writer and Hassani had reached the conclusion that Oscar and other amputee athletes have some advantage (Hassani)
(Gibbs). When testing Oscar and his prosthetics, the IAAF had spent around 30,000 Euros; the cost to test Oscar can be assumed to stay at the same price to remain effective (Chappell). Admitting new waves of amputee athletes into the Olympics would require a large sum of finances and many more faculty as the foundation would have to ensure fair races and events (Chappell). The process eats up a lot of time and is extremely costly. In Oscar’s case, it ate most of his training period just trying to get admitted into the qualifiers. Some could argue at the time could be lowered by cutting out the “unnecessary majority vote” and getting other admitted athletes to pay an increased admittance fee, however, that would be unfair to the board and especially the other athletes.
Butryn believes, the challenge that is issued is whether an athlete 's ability has a dramatic change in his performance due to technology. I believe that technology should not give an athlete more ability than a regular athlete because at that point it becomes unfair to both competitors. Trivino states, “The sports practiced by athletes who have had organs or mechanical parts implanted and their desire to take part in regular athletic competitions puts sports authorities in an ethical and legal tight spot” (118). Trivino believes Authorities are put into an ethical and legal tight spot because there must be a line drawn. A line that clearly states what is and isn 't allowed to be able to take part in regular athletic competitions. I believe it becomes unfair and too much of an advantage for the athlete to use in competition. According to Trivino, “The cyberization of sport has occupied a role in medical and sport fields in recent years due to the fact that this issue calls into question the very foundations of contemporary sport,
Citius, Altius, Fortius is the motto of the Olympic games. Translated from Greek, it means "Faster, Higher, Stronger". Recently, Olympic contenders have been doing everything they can to live up to that motto. Most do it by training hour after hour, each day. Others try to do it by illegally taking performance enhancing drugs. This is why we need to test for drugs at the Olympics. Drug Testing in the Olympics began only recently in the 1968 Games held in Mexico1. Drugs are banned for two very good reasons: the use of drugs produces an unfair advantage, and it is hazardous to the athlete to take them. While drug testing is now commonplace, the procedures are still fairly primitive and arouse much controversy2. We all remember the Andreea Raducan situation from the Sydney Olympics. She unknowingly had consumed a performing enhancing drug that was in her cold medication. Her medal was revoked as soon as the drug test results got back.3 While Andreea was caught, many others who intentionally "doped up" weren't Many of the drugs or procedures out there, still can't be tested for, and more and more athletes are cheating. Most of the drugs and procedures have adverse long term effects, some resulting in death. The drug tests are detrimental to the existence of the Olympics and need to be upheld at all costs.
Sandel explores the immoral nature of genetic enhancements through their potential use in athletics, creating “Bionic Athletes.” The world admires athletes for their expression of great skill in their resp...
Burfoot, Amby. "The Disabled Athlete Has an Unfair Advantage." Footloose: Amby Burfoot's Notes from the Road (24 June 2007). Rpt. in The Olympics. Ed. Tamara L. Roleff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. General Onefile. Web.
The two controversial topics discussed below share a single goal: to enhance the quality of life of a human individual. The first topic, transhumanism, is a largely theoretical movement that involves the advancement of the human body through scientific augmentations of existing human systems. This includes a wide variety of applications, such as neuropharmacology to enhance the function of the human brain, biomechanical interfaces to allow the human muscles to vastly out-perform their unmodified colleagues, and numerous attempts to greatly extend, perhaps indefinitely, the human lifespan. While transhumanist discussion is predominantly a thinking exercise, it brings up many important ethical dilemmas that may face human society much sooner than the advancements transhumanism desires to bring into reality. The second topic, elective removal of healthy limbs at the request of the patient, carries much more immediate gravity. Sufferers of a mental condition known as Body Integrity Identity Disorder seek to put to rest the disturbing disconnect between their internal body image and their external body composition. This issue is often clouded by sensationalism and controversy in the media, and is therefore rarely discussed in a productive manner (Bridy). This lack of discussion halts progress and potentially limits citizens' rights, as legislation is enacted without sufficient research. The primary arguments against each topic are surprisingly similar; an expansion on both transhumanism and elective amputation follows, along with a discussion of the merit of those arguments. The reader will see how limits placed on both transhumanism and elective amputation cause more harm to whole of human society than good.
1. Present Information from Gawker.com "Parent calls cop to stop kids from handing out banned book"
An issue of growing concern facing rehabilitation professionals today relates to transition services. Specifically, young adults experience a transition from secondary education into either the workforce or post-secondary education and potentially another transition from post-secondary education into the workforce. For people with disabilities, these transitions may become more arduous and complex depending on the breadth and depth of accommodations a given individual requires to function at a high level in their environment. To make that transition as smooth as possible, any number of services may need to coordinate their efforts including the secondary school system, vocational rehabilitation, college and university services, employers, counselors, psychologists, and medical and rehabilitation professionals. Nevertheless, this collaboration does not always occur in a systematic or effective manner. In fact, ethical guidelines for counselors and psychologists suggest tight collaboration with other professionals to ensure continuity of services during these transitions however in many cases, this does not happen (Corrigan, 1998).
The majority of people believe that high-tech FastSkin swimsuits greatly improve a swimmer’s performance. It is a common belief that these suits decrease the amount of skill required, because they reduce the drag in water and help swimmers glide more smoothly. It also appears that swimmers do not fatigue as quickly in long-length suits and they can take fewer strokes (Tiozzo, Leko, Ruzic 155). It is assumed that less drag can result in a faster velocity for the same energy cost and thus benefiting all swimmers (Chatard and Wilson 1149). Athletes all over the world started to achieve obvious success in the suits after they were introduced. Not everyone saw this improvement in swimsuit technology as fair, so FINA now requires athletes to show more skin (Crouse). With a lot of people pushing for a ban on high-tech suits, FINA decided to only allow waist-to-knee suits for men, and shoulder-to-knee suits for women (Shipley). Although some people support FINA for requiring suits to be made of permeable materials and not cover the full-body, including gold medalist Michael Phelps, not everyone is satisfied (Crouse). FINA’s claim that high-tech suits give swimmers an unfair advantage relies on questionable evidence. It is not universally accepted that the suits greatly improve performance. FINA’s swimsuit ban was not based on precise and dependable tests.
Sport should encourage the acceptance of all participants and promote a discrimination free environment. The IOC charter (2015, p.13) reinforces this with the principle that ‘every individual must have the possibility of practicing sport without discrimination of any kind’. This essay shows that equality in sport is challenged when an athlete falls outside of the socially constructed gender binary. Regulatory institutes such as the IOC and IAAF attempt to ‘rein’ these competitors in (Zaccone, 2010, p.427) even though such processes accentuate the discriminatory belief that all humans must align with a two-sex model. There are serious implications arising from such narrow views about gender in sport which have been highlighted in the recent court findings relative to Dutee Chand. The evidence in relation to androgen levels and athletic advantage is unconvincing and the testing policies are deeply entrenched in the strict dual binary idea. While the CAS finding is a victory for the inclusion of athletes with high levels of naturally occurring androgen, significant shifts in social perspectives are required to abandon the rigid two-sex
achieve an equal outcome the crippled man would have to start well before the Olympic
The health of our nation is an important topic that has been discussed for many years. It is no surprise that much of what contributes to illness such as heart disease and obesity is the consumption of sugar and junk foods. This is a simple fact that is widely known, but the government still feels the need to step in when it comes to controlling the population’s eating habits. Unfortunately, simply recognizing that something is bad is not always enough to deter someone from indulging. When it comes to our nation’s dietary habits, it is clear that some people may need assistance in making better choices and that is why the health and fitness industry is so big. At the end of the day, it is up to every individual to make their own choices whether
Like other athletes, special needs athletes need specialized services for injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. The injuries sustained by athletes with disabilities are comparable to able-bodied athletes, but there are some circumstances that demand specialized medical knowledge. Most AT’s have not received specialized didactic instruction or clinical experience to be confident in their ability to provide appropriate care. For example, the definition of disability and handicap is not even differentiated in most ATEP core curriculum. As clinicians, it is our job to be aware of the correct terminally used to describe and interact with these athletes. Therefore, a disability is any restriction, resulting from an impairment, of an ability t...
There are many opportunities for athletes who are disabled is many ways. They can also find different commodities to help them,for example, modified wheel chairs or other medical products can aid athletes in competing. There for with the right tools disabled athletes can compete in sports. Also some sport can be adapted ti fit a disabled person better, not to give them an advantage but to put it on a even ground for others who are not disabled. This keeps the game balanced and give opportunities for disabled athletes.
Never before have athletes had more training assistance at their amputation. The negative side is that never before have people had better chance to cheat usually through the use of PED’s.
...tter athletes that will stand more chance and opportunity of winning compare to those athletes that lives in less suitable and impropriate environment.