It is a common fact that an early intervention is an important key in the successful treatment of children with Autism disorder. According to the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ([CDC], 2013), children can be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) reliably at the age of two, yet, in real life, most of the children receive their diagnoses when they are much older. The CDC informs that children should be screened for ASD at the age of 18 to 24 months during regular well-child doctor visits.
The issue of obtaining early screening and/or diagnosis looks more promising after reading the article New Autism Screening Tool More Reliable, Study Finds. According the article, the new up-dated screening tool, The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), spots children having the disability with more reliability. The tool flags fewer children suspected of having ASD than all previous screening tools, but eventually more of these children who are spotted by the new tool confirm their diagnoses. The tool is based on parents’ responses that pediatricians obtain during regular well-child visits at ages 16 to 30 months and identifies a child as having a low, medium, or high risk for autism. A child that is spotted as having a medium or high risk, is referred for further evaluation (Heasley, 2014).
Heasley (2014) whose article Follow-Up Lacking On Kids Flagged By Autism Screening is based on the study conducted by public health research for Autism Speaks, informed his readers that routine screenings for Autism has increased the number of children who were flagged as possibly having Autism. Yet, the research also has shown that many of these children have never received a full diagn...
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...ve Autism Treatments in Demand. Disability Scoop. Retrieved from http://www.disabilityscoop.com/2014/01/13/despite-alternative-autism/19011/
6. Wong, C., Odom, S., Hume, K., Cox, A., Fettig, A., Kucharszyk, S., Brock, M., Plavnic, J, Fleury, V., Schultz, T. (2014). Evidence-Based Practices For Children, Youth, and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Retrieved from http://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/2014-EBP-Report.pdf
7. The Interactive Autism Network. (2014). IAN Research Findings: Occupational Therapy. Autism Speaks Inc. Retrieved from http://www.autismspeaks.org/news/news-item/ian-research-findings-occupational-therapy
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9. Heasley, S. (2013, December). Study Finds Sensory Therapy Has Merit For Kids With Autism. Disability Scoop. Retrieved from http://www.disabilityscoop.com/2013/12/09/study-sensory-merit-autism/18951/
For the purpose of these literature review a search was done using PubMed which is available through the Medical Library of the National Guard Health Services. This research focus is Autism and its management. Using these four key words "Autism" "definition" , "symptoms", and "treatment". As result, nine papers were found and this literature review summarizes them.
Van Hees, V., Moyson, T., & Roeyers, H. (n.d). Higher Education Experiences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Benefits and Support Needs. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1673-1688.
“Your child has autism spectrum disorder” are words no parent wants to hear. They are words that will instill fear, worry, and sadness. When parents hear this for the first time, they will have many questions. “Is there anything I can do to help my child? If so, what can be done?” Early intervention services; such as applied behavior analysis therapy, occupational therapy, sensory integration therapy, and speech therapy before the age of three; can help improve the development of children with autism spectrum disorder. As an educator, early intervention is a subject teachers should be well educated in. It would be beneficial to the educator and the student, for a teacher to know and understand early intervention strategies.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be detected early in a child’s life. ASD is a developmental disorder classified by problems with social interaction,
Every year doctors diagnose thousands of adults and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Due to the growing awareness of autism and recent developments in technology, scientists and doctors can now discover and observe the effects of autism on society, and people. Starting with its discovery, researchers have been able to diagnose people more effectively. Doctors are beginning to discover what causes this disorder, and are currently trying to find ways to prevent and treat it. Many places have opened their doors to people with this disorder, creating autistic friendly environments where people are patient and understanding. Schools have also become accommodating to autistic children and adults. Autism also puts great strain on family and home lives.
In our society communication is a key component and vital to existence in success in this day in age. Not only communication but social skills, motor skills, and our basic senses are the platforms on which we build off of, well, in the world of autism communication is impacted and for that reason an audible disturbance can come off as a heavy impairment…..to the naked eye. In my experience working with autistic boys & girls has showed me the sheer beauty and honesty of how they communicate and relay their feelings and emotions. The autism spectrum disorder is commonly known. Autism has wide spectrum of severity ranging from low to high and in between. This literature review dissects the value of full functioning beings and autistic beings, and explains my interpretation of autism and their ability to find new components to life.
King, Lorna J. "Sensory Integration Therapy | Autism Research Institute." Sensory Integration Therapy | Autism Research Institute. Autism Research Institute, 9 June 1996. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
Murray, S. 2010. Autism Functions/ The function of Autism, in Disability Studies Quarterly, Vol 30, No 1, 2010. The Society for Disability Studies.
The Autism Spectrum is a mystery. With no cause or cure, researchers have been working hard, to the best of their abilities, to diagnose, treat, and educate those with autism. For centuries, since 1943, with enhanced technology, the view on autism has improved tremendously. New advancements have been developed to diagnose autism earlier, help create more successful treatments, and to help better an educational plan for people with autism.
In the United States, autism may affect up to 115,000 children between one and 15 years of age with an uncertain prevalence in adults (Rapin, 1998). Because of the high number of cases in the United States alone, testing has grown and encompasses many different ages and areas of autistic patients and their symptoms. Because of increased testing, researchers have found different options to meet the challenges autism presents.
As the prevalence of Autism continues to grow rapidly, it is proven fact that Autism is the fastest-growing serious developmental disability in the United States. “On March 27, 2014, this surveillance study identified one in sixty-eight children (one in forty-two boys and one in one-hundred eighty-nine girls) as having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).” (DSM-IV, 2000). Eight-hundred thousand people younger than eighteen years are on record as having Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States. Most children display abnormalities within the first year of life; although most are diagnosed with Autism between the ages of two and three. Boys are nearly five times more likely than girls to have Autism. However, females with the disorder are more feasible to exhibit serious mental retardation. There are “approximately seventy-five percent of children with Autism are mentally handicapped; meaning their IQ ranges from thirty-five to fifty. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV, 2000) research suggests that only a small percentage of individuals with Autistic Disorder go on as adults to live and work independently.” ( DSM-IV, 2000)
What is Autism? People are quick to label people as Autistic but very rarely understand what it means though they may nod their head and say "ohh makes sense". Autism - also know as ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder- is a complex developmental disorder affecting primarily ones communication and social interaction skills. Meaning they have difficulties communicating effectively or even at all. They struggle in social setting and don 't typically excel in social games or activities.
65 children, 52 boys and 13 girls who were not diagnosed with autism, from 3 different clinics, were used for this study. They were under 3 years of age, they were referred to the clinics due to social and/or language issues, and their parents provided informed consent. The children had also previously had 2 independent diagnostic evaluations. A second group of 37 children were used from this sample, th...
Ospina, MB., Krebs, SJ., Clark, B., Karkhaneh, M., Hartling, L., et al. (2008). Behavioural and Developmental Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Systematic Review. PLoS ONE, 3(11). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19015734
Autism is characterized as a developmental disorder that is seen in children by the age of three years old. Autism affects the brains normal, natural development, and causes many impairments. The major impairments that affect an individual are reciprocal socialization, Qualitative impairment in communication, and repetitive or unusual behavior. Signs of Autism can be seen in early infanthood, with proper awareness and resources. An infant child can appear to be adverse to eye contact early on. Some signs in early infancy appear as being indifferent to affection and physical contact. When spoken to, they can appear to be deaf or ignoring the parent or caregiver. Noticing the early red flags of Autism can provide an early intervention and give the child the best chance at learning to tolerate their environment. Children around three years old will display certain signs and symptoms.