The purpose of the case study is to offer intervention strategies to assist a Caucasian student with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Karly was referred for a speech and hearing evaluation because of her communication difficulty. Karly is a sixteen-year old female. She was born three weeks premature weighing 2 lbs., 10 oz., with respiratory distress, and she had to stay in a neonatal hospital for six weeks. She is the middle child of two brothers. She began receiving intervention services at 12 months of age to address speech and language issues. When she was a toddler, she expressed herself using facial expressions, physical gestures, and more common gestures, such as pointing to request and shaking her head to refuse. She also used unusual nonverbal …show more content…
Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by difficulties in behavior, social interaction, and communication issues. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder may have difficulty responding to their environment. Behavior problems may occur as a result of sensitivity to sound or something they may have seen. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder may also have difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships. They may not be able to share their interests with other people because they are not able to express or understand their needs or their needs of others. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder may withdraw into repetitive play and behavior, avoid interaction because of delay in speech, and struggle to make sense of nonverbal forms of communication. There are people with Autism Spectrum Disorder that speak fluency and there are people with speech impairment to a certain degree. However, there are some who can’t speak at all. Impaired communication is characterized by delayed language development. The different forms of spectrum disorders have many of the same symptoms but are different in severity, so it can be difficult to distinguish one disorder from the other if in the early stage. Classic autism is the most severe form of Autism Spectrum …show more content…
The Mullen Scales of Early Learning is an assessment that is based on the child 's responses to each activity prepared by the examiner. It targets the strengths and weakness in children and help to access modality performance and identifies learning ability, learning disability, and mental retardation in children between the ages of 21 and and 63 months of age. This assessment is appropriate for an autistic student because it assesses language , motor abilities and expressive levels. The ADOS is a standardized assessment for communication, social interaction, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. This assessment presents many activities that trigger behaviors that are directly related to the diagnosis of ASD. Results are obtained by observing the child’s behaviors. The information that is obtained informs the diagnosis, treatment, planning, and educational placement of the
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has two main core criteria, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5). The first of the two criteria is ‘Persistent Deficits in Social Communication and Interaction across Multiple Contexts’ under which there are three categories. The first being deficits in social emotional reciprocity which may include atypical social approach and failure of the back and forth exchange of normal conversation. In addition, there may be a failure to respond or initiate social interaction as well as reduced emotions, interest or effect sharing. In the scenario ‘Ben loves Trains’ it is indicated that Ben is content to play alone for hours, he doesn’t interact with his sister in
Ethos: A key element of ethos is the speaker credibility. Ethos is also created when the writer is an expert and/or the writer uses evidence from reliable source Autism speaks a non-profit organization is providing first responders training at the national level is an important step towards increasing the safety of the autism community, by ensuring that first responders have the tools they need to effectively responds to an an emergency involving a child with autism (Autism Speaks, 2017).
Have you ever heard of the term ASD? What are your thoughts when you see a child in public who is misbehaving? Well the two of these questions might be linked together. ASD is better known as autism spectrum disorder which is a disorder of the development in the brain according to Autism Speaks Inc. (2015). Due to this developmental issue children can be thought of as being bad or unruly, but in reality they cannot help it. The reason it may seem that way is because the brain isn’t processing like it should be. The brain may be sending multiple messages to the body at one time or to the wrong places in the body which can cause children to seem bad. According to Autism Speaks Inc. (2015) there are multiple variances of autism. Although we know
The prevalence of ASD ranges between 3.3 and 10.6 for every 1000 children with a general mean prevalence of 6.6 per 1000 children. There is significant higher prevalence among white non-Hispanic kids compared with black non-Hispanic kids (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). The male-to-female ratio varies from 3.4 to 6.5 boys per 1 girl. The population of children who are diagnosed with autism continues to rise significantly with statistics from the United States Department of Health indicating the number of children diagnosed with autism growing at a rate of 20% annually in America. Additionally, one in every a hundred and seventy five 175 elementary learners is diagnosed with autism (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007).
Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond “more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress” establish a secure bond faster than “parents of insecure children”. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has “profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity to form trusting relationships” (Book). Simply stated, a positive early attachment will likely yield positive physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development for the child. (BOOK)
Although the history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and early involvement of the disorder are not yet well understood, new research in the field of autism has emphasized early intervention as the key. Generally, symptoms of autism typically appear before a child is three years old and last throughout life. Autism in African American community has been affected by cultural differences, but since this community is so diverse, these differences do not apply to all. Many African Americans are more accepting of developmental disabilities than other races. This is partly due to African Americans relying on religion and believes that God makes people the way they are. People from the Autism Speaks Society states, that child with autism from minority communities aren’t being recognized quickly enough. Children with this disorder can display a wide range of symptoms, which can vary in severity from mild to disabling. Both researchers and educators alike tend to argue that children with ASD benefits from early detection and intervention sessions, but disagreements come regarding the appropriate setting. In addition, many programs involving early intervention have shown progress by utilizing several solo techniques or a combination of techniques. The same genetics and developmental nature of this disorder make it unlikely that a single treatment usually works well when treating children with ASD. Based on differential response to treatment, some kids with ASD showed a positive response, while others showed progress with varying rates. However, some facts points to the inadequately of single treatment approaches for all areas of children with the disorder. This paper examines early research validating technologies for individually treatmen...
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears within the first three years of a child’s life. It affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. Autism affects 1 out of 68 children. It is also the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are multiple types of Autism, some children are considered high functioning, and some are low functioning. “High functioning” is when a child with autism can function in life, and completes jobs, and chores with little to no help. “Low functioning” is when a child with autism cannot complete simple daily tasks without help, and (or) constant supervision.
Luiselli, James K. "Verbal Language and Communication." Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.
A man named Damon found a theory that states that there are four stages of attachment with infants and toddlers. The first stage is called preattachment. This stage starts at birth and will last until roughly 12 weeks of age. In this stage, the infant does not see the difference from person to person and believes that all people are the same person. They love to people watch during this stage as well. He believes that in this stage, infants are too young to form their attachments. The second stage is attachment in the making. This stage starts at 12 weeks of age and will last until roughly six months of age. In this stage, the infant is still highly interested in people and loves to people watch. They have not formed their stranger danger yet,
Problems with speech and language are one of the defining characteristics of the Autism Disorders. The difficulties that autistics have with speech and language are heterogenous and probably have a number of different causes even in the same individuals. The expressions of normal human speech requires the intent to communicate something. It requires the other individual understands a situation and how they are going to react to what is being communicated.
Childcare plays a large role in a child’s attachment development; depending on how much time a child spends there. If a child is around ten month they will often show
What is Autism? People are quick to label people as Autistic but very rarely understand what it means though they may nod their head and say "ohh makes sense". Autism - also know as ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder- is a complex developmental disorder affecting primarily ones communication and social interaction skills. Meaning they have difficulties communicating effectively or even at all. They struggle in social setting and don 't typically excel in social games or activities.
tried giving him a drink or some food in the hope that she had guessed
These five developmental disorders are commonly known as Autism Spectrum Disorders. “The most common are Autism, Asperger's syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) (www.learningdisabilitiesinfo.com).” Severe Autism, Rett Syndrome, and CDD are usually recognized before a child reaches the age of three. However, high-functioning Autism and Asperger’s are often times not discovered until a child enters school. High-functioning Autism and Asperger’s are frequently compared, considering children with these disorders express the same traits and characteristics. Conversely, the main difference between the two disorders is pragmatics, or language skills. A child with Asperger’s Syndrome is capable of communicating, but due to their social and developmental impairments, they cannot appropriately communicate with their peers. On the other hand, a child with Autism lacks language skills and requires spec...
One of the most difficult things teachers will face when dealing with Autistic children is their lack of communication skills and inappropriate or nonexistent social skills. In addition to academic instruction children with Autism require instruction in communication techniques and social skills. Kamps et.al. says “A key to accommodating students with autism in public school settings is the provision of social and behavioral programming to develop meaningful participation with nondisabled persons” (p.174).