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Aggression is a set of behaviors that are likely to, or have the potential to, cause harm to others, are intended to cause harm, and are goal directed (Berkowitz, 1933). When it comes to sports, aggression can be seen on the field or amongst the fans. It can be a part of the reaction to something happening on the field, or it can be a component of the sport itself.
In sport it is important to understand the difference between aggressive and assertive behaviors. Assertive behaviors are actions, which do not intend to inflict harm, but are aimed at imposing traits such as influence and dominance (Weinberg, 2015). It is often heard coaches instructing their athletes to be more aggressive when they play. One would assume that these coaches are
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This article explains how aggression is a negative personality trait and it is associated with sport participation (Keeler, 2005). The study ultimately revealed the only differences that were identified were that male and female athletes have varying levels of assertion, assault and indirect …show more content…
The of the most commonly referred to theories on this topic is the frustration aggression hypothesis, which was proposed, by Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mower and Sears in 1939. According to them frustration is often what leads to aggression. Research shows that frustration is more likely to lead to aggression if the aggressive behavior helps to relieve the frustration. They specifically state that frustration does not always result in aggression. There are specific identifiable circumstances where frustration turns into aggression. (Weinberg,
Social psychologists conclude that the frustration-aggression hypothesis remains tentative and that multiple factors may be associated with the expression of aggressive behavior. Critics of the frustration aggression theory point out that frustration does tend to lead to aggression in some circumstances but not always (Berkowitz, 1990). Theorists also suggested that a broader term than frustration should be used as the source of aggression because aggression can be elicited or instigated by other factors, such as the character and perceived intent of the instigator, personality factors and life experiences of the frustrated individual, and environmental conditions (Meyer,
...e coach-athlete relationship for optimal athletic performance and how the coach influences that performance. However the facet of negative interactions must also be considered. A study that considered how emotionally abusive behavior is used in sports and the negative results it has on the coach and athlete relationship. In this study emotional abuse was defined as a pattern of non-contact deliberate behaviors by a person within a critical relationship role ending in a potential to be harmful to an individual’s emotional state. This emotionally behavior is manifested in two main forms, expressive and instrumental. Expressive origins of emotional abuse refer yelling demeaning comments at an athlete out of anger or frustration. Instrumental origins of emotional abuse refer to emotionally abusive behaviors that are used to achieve a desired end (Stirling, 2013).
... Test of the General Aggression Model." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28.12 (2002): 1679-686. Print.
Their aggression and ability to afflict damage is seen as a positive asset to their team and sport. Many people are impressed by these attributes so these young athletes receive almost instant respect by their peers on campus. Derek Kreager would consider these athletic attributes of strength, physicality, and aggression groomed in such a masculine atmosphere as a recipe for violence. Kreagers American sociological journal article “Unnecessary Roughness? School Sports, Peer Networks, and Male Adolescent Violence”, dives into the culture of male athletics and the connection to physical violence “off the field”.
Scott, D. The Effect of Video Games on Feelings of Aggression. The Journal of Psychology. March 1995 v129 n2 p121-132.
The problem is to understand why certain individuals turn to killing others as opposed to turning to a positive release such as playing sports. Boxing, football, basketball, soccer, and wrestling are just a few of the many positive releases for this unexpressed aggression. Perhaps it would be beneficial for teachers, coaches, and parents to pay more attention to the children in their charge, and if these children show signs of aggression, persuade them to participate in the positive release of the aggression.
Peterson, Sherri L., J.C Weber, William W. Trousdale. "Personality Traits of Women in Team Sports vs. Women in Individual Sports." (pp. 324-329) Contemporary Readings in Sport Psychology. Ed. William P. Morgan. Charles Thomas: Springfield, 1970.
.In addition young athletes have become more aggressive. Kids that participate in competitive sports are becoming more and more aggressive and competitive the sports have become themselves. Mitchell reveals "traits like bullying and the need to dominate their oppo...
The age of overwhelming strength and stamina governing sports is over, and the age of the mentally tough athlete has arrived. Athletes are no longer the superficial jocks and robots programmed to accomplish one goal, victory. Modern athletes ranging from the high school to professional levels are faced with many pressures and temptations, normally outside the realm of their sport. These pressures can inhibit an athlete’s performance substantially; therefore, the pressures need to be dealt with by psychologists. The effectiveness of sports psychology is demonstrated through the fields many theories, applications, and variety of techniques and procedures.
The researchers wanted to see “the relation of verbal aggressiveness and state anxiety (somatic, cognitive, and self-confidence)” between coaches and athletes in a sex-specific sport such as volleyball (Bekiari et al., 2006, p. 630). Results examining both sexes showed males have higher levels of somatic anxiety due to the verbal aggressiveness of their coaches compared to female volleyball players (Bekiari et al., 2006). These results could be due to the kind of training and competitiveness, but it still shows how the use of language can have different effects on athletes nonetheless. Additional research done by Julie Masterson, Lisa Davies, and Gerald Masterson showed that coaches should “use positive instruction rather than negative feedback” to encourage their athletes (2006, p. 41). This backs the ideas that verbal aggression is harmful and the research “consistently shows verbal aggression may be associated with negative outcomes and learned helplessness,” two aspects that can be seen in sports that are contributed to the language that is used (Bekiari et al., 2006, p.
Aggression can often be used as an advantage while playing any type of sports. In soccer match played by the University of New Mexico and Brigham Young. The game receives a lot of attention because there was an incident involving two opposing sides. They suspended Elizabeth Lambart one of the players from the University of New Mexico. I recently watched the video of the matched played on the internet. The incident was nothing more than two players were
In sports today, the stakes of a game are higher than ever. This causes all those invested in the sport to become on edge. Although this may cause some beneficial effects in the game, there are still a few downsides to it. One such downside would be the bullying of athletes from their very own coaches. That’s right, the intensity of sports causes some coaches to take drastic measures to make their chances of winning greater, even if said measures are detrimental to the confidence and mentality of their players.
Personality: An International Journal 41.4 (2013): 635-642. SPORTDiscus with Full Text. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.
Why are we as aggressive and can we develop a way to reduce our ever increasing aggressive behavior? What this research paper is going to cover just might answer that. First we’re going to go over different types of aggression and the differences between them. Next will be the several theories about aggression. This will cover from a biological and genetic point of view to how our diet affects our behaviors in negative ways. We will even look into how our culture has an effect on our aggression levels. Last is what ways can we potentially reduce and manage our angry tendencies as well as control the ever rising aggressive behavior in our society.
Violence is defined as the use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction to an individual. Violence in sports comes in many forms, and divides into social and cultural factors related to the sport ethic, gender ideology, the dynamics of social class and race, and the tactics used in sports. Violence in sports has gone too far because sports violence has become so severe in sports, that players are injured each years. However, in sports some violence has become entertaining for the fans and fans would begin their own violence around with other fans that support opposing teams to win. The violence in sports can cause severe casualties from collisions to concussions that may result in long-term mental or physical damage.