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Elements of Applied Behavior Analysis
Child language acquisition
Language development in children observation and assessment
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An assessment that I always use is Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ). Each child receives this assessment. Working in the W. Children’s Learning and Development Center for the past thirteen years allowed me to use them numerous times and have a complete understanding of each child’s developmental based on the information provided when the assessment is resumed. Starting working there with the three years old for two years, I remember vaguely when we applied the Ages & Stages to them. I am not aware of the questions being asked for that age group anymore. Working for the infants and toddlers for eleven years now, allow me to be knowledgeable about where is supposed to be. I usually use the questionnaire when they are 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 …show more content…
It is very informative due to the fact that it can tell me a lot of things about the infant or toddler. ASQ falls into a checklist form of assessment. The developmental areas screened are communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social. In each area, there is a set of six questions asked. As an example, for an eight month old, in the area of gross motor skills, question such as “When sitting on the floor, does your baby sit up straight for several minutes without using her hands for support?” They are three options to answer- yes, sometimes and no. As Beaty (2014) shows us and I totally agree with her, checklists has its advantage: “They are very easy, quick and efficient to use, the nonspecialist observer can use them with ease, and they can be used in a child presence or later from remembered behaviors or recorded narrative observation. Several observers can gather the same information to check for reliability, these checklists help to focus observation on many behaviors at one time, they are specifically useful for curriculum planning for individuals”(p.45). ASQ is highly reliable because it can be checked by others. As an example, we hand parents a copy of the ASQ according to their child’s age so they can complete, and then parents and teachers discuss if there is any answer(s) that do not match with ours. It has high validity also when as an example, the ASQ has a question for a nine month old baby in the …show more content…
A copy of the Ages & Stages is given to the parent with their child’s result ASQ. If there is an area or areas that need to be strengthened, we created an Individual Learning Plan to help the child reach his potential. When a weakness is observed in an area, we work with the child on those specific goals. We will observe and document the child’s progress. Parents are asked to provide a 1” binder and clear sheet protectors in order to build a portfolio of the child’s progressive work and parents are welcome to review their child’s portfolio at any time. Usually, when the children are fourteen months, they are sent to the next classroom. If they are not ready in some area or areas, there might be some delays in advancing them to the next classroom. In the meantime, we work with the child to overcome the weakness is having. We work with the child in each age intervals by reinforcing an activity related to the weakness he is having in a particular area of development that will put him/her where he/she supposed to be for his/her
Brookes Publishing Company in 2009. The purpose of the ASQ-3 is to be used to identify if any children are in need of in-depth evaluation or benefit from the evaluation for developmental delays. The audiences for which it is intended for are directed towards parents or caregivers since they are the ones that is knowledgeable of all that the child is capable of accomplishing. The message is to find out how the child responds in the five areas compared to their peers. The tone of the questionnaire is very interactive, because there are many questions that require testing the child’s abilities to see if they can accomplish a particular task. An example would be to test a child to see if they can follow directions by asking the child to put a book on the table and put a shoe under the table. Then you would write down if the child followed the directions
The Early Years Foundation Stage looks at six areas: Personal, social and emotional development, Communication, language and literacy, Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy, Knowledge and understanding of the world, Physical development and Creative development. Children are assessed at the end of their reception year and the teacher completes and early years profile which consists of thirteen different scales that link to the early learning goals from the areas of learning.
The Child Development Center of College of San Mateo provides early care and educational programs for children between the ages of 3 to 5 years old. Children are divided into classrooms with a “master” teacher, a “regular” teacher, and two or three “associate” teachers. Klara attended Classroom, “A,” a stimulating and well-resourced classroom. Klara was observed for two hours on Monday from 9 am to 11 am and for two hours on Wednesday from 9 am to 11 am. During these two hours, classroom activities consisted of “free time,” “story time,” and an outside “play time.” A “master” teacher, a “regular” teacher, and two “associate” teachers were present during observations. Additionally, a total of eighteen children were in attendance during the observed days.
How the children with ASD adopt the transition to kindergarten it’s depend partly on how the teachers control, manage and develop strategies when working with their family. This research was one, to identify strategies that teachers of preschoolers with ASD considered to be effective in transitioning preschool to school settings.
The Infant and Toddler Rating Scale is just one of the four scales that share the same format and use a scoring system. All the scales have different requirements because they assess different age groups and different settings. These tests are checking on the organization of space, interactions, activities, schedules and provisions of staff and parents. This scale is specifically setup for children from birth to 30 months of age; this group is most vulnerable physically, emotionally and mentally. This scale assesses the environment for the children’s health and safety, appropriate stimulation through language and activities with warm interactions.
When educating young children several factors come into play. Making sure that the child is participating in age-appropriate learning and development activities. In working in a childhood education program, it is important to know a child’s experience and prior knowledge A child is unable to walk before they crawl, they must first master the task in front of them before moving on. Paying attention to a
Puckett, M., & Black, J. (2008). Meaningful assessments of the young child. (3th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Assessment methods – some centres would have standardised format in place for you to follow when assessing learners. This will usually tell you what methods to use to assess various units and what level of flexibility you are allowed as an Assessor to make changes where required.
Lerner, J W., Lowenthal, B, & Egan, R W. (2003). Preschool children with special needs (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon Publishing.
Snow, C. E. (2008). Early childhood assessment why, what, and how. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
Child Development is a well organised and user friendly pedagogical book. Santrock says, “This book is about children’s development – its universal features, its individual variations, its nature at the beginning of the twenty-first century.”
Stynes, A. (2013). The implementation of Aistear in the infant cycle of formal schooling. (Master in Early Childhood Education and Care) thesis, [online], available: file:///C:/Users/Mark/Documents/psy/Audrey%20Stynes.pdf [accessed 15 March, 2014].
Understanding and observing a child’s development and learning skills. Progress can then be assessed and next steps can be planned to ensure the child keeps on developing.
The ability to test a student’s language skills is essential to have as a teacher. Over the years, classrooms have become much more diverse with a wide variety of impairments being presented on a daily basis. Often, these disabilities contain a language impairment that appears as a side effect of the main disability. Unfortunately, assessing language is not as easy as one may think because it is not clearly defined and understood. Kuder (2008) writes that “…language is not a unitary phenomenon- it is ‘multidimensional, complex, and dynamic; it involves many interrelated processes and abilities; and it changes from situation to situation” (pg. 274). Language also develops at different times for different individuals, thus making language assessment an even harder task for test administrators to grade and evaluate. In order to further understand the language impairment that students present, teachers need to be aware of appropriate language tests that could be administered. In order to assure that the best language test is being issued to a student, several various tests exist to choose from. To test a student’s overall language capability, a comprehensive language test, such as the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) or the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS), could be administered. If a teacher wanted to test a specific language skill such as pragmatics, phonology, syntax, or semantics, the teacher would need to find the best test for the student’s unique situation.
Sattler, Jerome, and Robert Hoge. Assessment of Children: Behaviorial, Social, and Clinical Foundation. La Mesa:Sattler, 2006. Print.