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Preparation of aspirin experiment
Introduction of lab report on aspirin preparation
Introduction of lab report on aspirin preparation
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Aspirin was prepared according to the protocol provided on Blackboard. The three sections to this experiment were 1. Synthesis of Aspirin, 2. Recrystallization of Aspirin, and 3. Characterization of Aspirin. In the first section, the Synthesis of Aspirin, salicylic acid was weight to be 3.029 grams using mass by difference since it was weighed on a 150 milliliter beaker. 9.23 milliliters of the acetic anhydride and 14 drops of 85 percent phosphoric acid were added to this beaker. A Bunsen burner provided by the laboratory was then used to boil the just mixed combination by producing a flame underneath the positioned beaker on top, and then allowed to cool for several minutes after the Bunsen burner flame was terminated. Two quantities of distilled water were then added to this mixture to make it cool even further, which were 41 drops and 30 milliliters. After cooling for some time, this beaker was placed into an ice bath in order to start the crystallization process. A glass rod was used to scratch around the bottom and the sides to catch all of the crystallized Aspirin that was being formed during this whole process. Then, by using a Buchner funnel and filter paper, which was placed on top of the flask connected to a water aspirator with rubber tubing, the excess liquid was removed from the just scraped Aspirin crystals when the Aspirin was placed on the filter paper. Using a medicine dropper, the Aspirin crystals on the filter paper were washed with distilled water just so that any non-pure substances were removed from the crude product. When these crystals were then ultimately dry, they were placed on a watch glass and put into an oven for 30 minutes. Then they were weighed by mass by difference to yield 2.4667 grams of crude s... ... middle of paper ... ...s the change in the temperature of both of these batches, 6°C for the pure, and 13°C for the crude. In this final sub-section of the Characterization of Aspirin, the values of absorbance were recorded. Initially, 0.0566 grams and 0.0590 grams of pure and crude Aspirin respectively were obtained and each individually placed into beakers (400 milliliter) and had 250.0 milliliters of distilled water added to them. From each beaker, a tiny amount of the just dissolved solutions was transferred to a cuvette, one cuvette for each type of aspirin. Each cuvette was placed into the ultraviolent spectroscopy mechanism which was connected to a computer and absorbance spectrum values were obtained at 298 nm (Figure 5) (0.1987 pure aspirin, and 0.9549 crude aspirin). Cumulatively these three methods resulted in the determination of the percent purity for each type of aspirin.
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
In a separate beaker, acetone (0.587 mL, 8 mmol) and benzaldehyde (1.63 mL, 16 mmol) were charged with a stir bar and stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The beaker mixture was slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes, a small amount of the reaction mixture was spotted on a TLC plate, with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL), to monitor the decrease in benzaldehyde via a UV light. When the reaction was complete, it was chilled in an ice bath until the product precipitated, which was then vacuum filtrated. The filter cake was washed with ice-cold 95% ethanol (2 x 10 mL) and 4% acetic acid in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The solid was fluffed and vacuum filtrated for about 15 minutes. The 0.688 g (2.9 mmol, 36.8%, 111.3-112.8 °C) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and the melting point was obtained via
For this solution, 5 mL of the solution with 2.5 mL of AMV was placed in the cuvette. The cuvette was placed inside of spectrophotometer and the amount of absorbance was recorded. This procedure that involves a solution with a known concentration was repeated for the concentrations:1.0x10-4 M,5.0x10-5 M,2.0x10-5M, and1.0x10-5M.A unknown solution absorbance was measured by putting 5 mL of unknown solution with 2.5 mL AMV in a cuvette. The cuvette was placed in the spectrophotometer and the amount of absorbance was recorded. The procedure that deals with the unknown solution was repeated 2 more times with the same solution and the same amount of solution and AMV.
Esterification was used to synthesize aspirin which was by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride. To speed up the reaction, dehydrating agent and conc. sulphuric acid was present. The purity of a substance, which is the aspirin in this particular experiment, can be determined by the identification of its melting point.
There were some changes in the amount of solvents and products used. For example, 0.5ml of sulfuric acid was used instead of 20ml.
As such, 3 Mmol of cyclohexanone and p-fluorbenzaldehyde were each added to a 100 mL round bottom flask with 30 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide. The reaction was stirred with a magnetic stir rod and allowed to react at room temperature for 1 hour. To determine reaction progress, TLC (figure 3) was performed at 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes post reaction start time. After the 60 minute TLC was performed, the reaction was determined to be complete. The product was then separated through a liquid-liquid extraction process. To separate the product, 10 mL of hexanes were added to the reaction and the solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. Then, 10 mL of distilled water were added to the funnel which was then shook vigorously and allowed to settle. The water layer was then drained from the vial and this process was repeated in triplicate. The resulting hexane layer was determined to contain the product of the reaction and was transferred to a 50 mL
A bath was prepared using a 400 mL beaker filled halfway with water. The bath was then sat on a hot plate and lest to boil. 2g of salicylic acid was placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 3 mL of acetic anhydride, and 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. The solutions were mixed and placed in the boiling water bath. The solution was left in the boiling bath for 30 minutes. The 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask was removed and placed on the side to cool to room temperature. Once cooled the solution was placed into a 150 mL Beaker that was filled with 20 mL of ice water. As the beaker was placed in the ice bath, it was simultaneously scraped with a glass rod until crystals formed at the bottom of the beaker. The crystal solution was poured into a Buchner
A source of error in this lab could have resulted from the use of a different solvent at this point. The other solvents resulted in a lower range of retention factors, therefore making it harder to determine which one were similar and present in the drug. The use of 75% ethyl acetate and 25% hexane allows for the RF values to be distinguishable and conclusions can be made. The conclusion made about Motrin was that it consisted of Ibuprofen. This was determined by the RF values on the third TLC plate. The retention factor of Motrin was closest to Ibuprofen. The values for these two were 0.64 and 0.65. The caffeine and ibuprofen mixture was also close at 0.66 but since there was a second value of 0.08, this mixture is not in Motrin. Also, Aspirin was found not to be in Motrin based on the retention factor of 0.60. The RF values in this lab were imperative to figuring out what the drug consisted of, so if the measurements or calculation were off, identification may have not been possible. If measurements were off, the retention factors would not be correct, therefore resulting in an error and wrong conclusion about the drug in
Following the aforementioned procedure, the neutral compound was to be isolated from the ether solution. Moved to a clean flask, the ether solution was introduced to anhydrous sodium sulfate. After letting the mixture sit for about 10 minutes, the mixture was decanted into a new beaker. The ether in this final mixture was allowed to evaporate, leaving behind the neutral compound. Percent recovery was recorded and the compound was transported to a vial.
To test the synthesized aspirin, three test tubes were taken, and 1-mL of 95% ethanol and 1 drop of 1% iron (III) chloride solution were added to all the three test tubes. Salicylic acid was added to test tube A, a few crystals of the synthesized aspirin was added to test tube B, and test tube C was used as a control test tube. Each test tube was stirred using a glass stirring rod and the results were recorded. The solutions were then poured into the “Discarded Test Solution” containers.
During the first part of the lab the crude sample of acetylsalicylic acid, Aspirin, was synthesized. The synthesis of Aspirin shows a general trend of chemical reactions known as esterification reactions. The compound containing a hydroxyl group reacts with a compound containing a carboxylic acid group, producing an ester molecule and water. Since this reaction is slow, the lab used acetic anhydride instead of acetic acid to drive the reaction to completion. As a result, the chemical formula is
After creating the compound acetyl salicylic acid, it will be thoroughly analyzed through a series of steps that test its melting point, purity, and solubility as compared to commercial aspirin. By solving for the melting point range of the synthesized aspirin, one can determine its purity. Then by adding 1% ferric chloride, the color of both the synthesized and commercial aspirin represents its purity. In theory, the synthesized aspirin should be relatively the same color as the commercial drug. Finally, both types of aspirin are placed into different solutions to determine their solubility properties. For all three of these analyses, the synthesized aspirin should test similar to the commercial aspirin in hopes it was created
The yield of the crude acetanilide was fair (98.45%). This was apparent from the melting point of the sample. The melting point of the crude acetanilide (116-123℃) had a fair comparison to the literature melting points (113-115℃(R1.). The yield of the recrystallized acetanilide was about half of the yield of the crude acetanilide. The recrystallized contained the key functional group. For instance,
This test was carried out by choosing three tablets from each formulation after weighing them. The temperature of the dissolution apparatus was adjusted at 37°C and the speed of paddles was constant at 50rpm.After that, each vessel of the dissolution apparatus was full with 1 liter of phosphate buffer. Subsequently, each tablet was placed into its individual vessel. The test was performed over 8 hours with extracting 10mL of each sample and replaced with the same amount of the phosphate buffer which was at the same temperature over the 8 hours as the following: half an hour, one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours, five hours, six hours, seven hours and eight hours. The all withdrawn samples were analyzed by using the UV spectroscopy
Preformulation testing is the first step in rational development of dosage forms of drug substances. Prior to the development of the dosage form. It can be defined as investigation of physical and chemical properties of a drug substance alone and when combined with excipients. The overall objective of preformulation testing is to generate information useful to the formulator in developing stable and bioavailable dosage forms which can be mass produced. The goals of the program therefore are: