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Comparison of leadership theories
Ethical leadership issues in the 21st century
Ethical leadership issues in the 21st century
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The field of business management continues to evolve as organizations engage in the ever-changing global market. After years of unscrupulous corporate leaders managing and leading some of the world’s biggest corporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolution, numerous research studies add to the understanding of leadership theories and the effects on organizational climate and culture.
The following findings concentrate on research limitations, ethical standards, analysis of data and conclusions as they relate to the field of business management and research (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Previously research conducted about leadership and management explained organizational culture and climate as employee driven behaviors with little regard to leadership styles. The research explained employee personalities and outside influences as determents to organizational effectiveness with no relationship to leadership style or management (Schneider, Ehrhart & Macey, 2012). These studies presented a plethora of findings, as well as management theorists who supported these theories and often placed blame on employees for company failures frequently praising managers for successes.
However, the question of leadership style enhances and stimulates an organization’s climate and culture remains a topic for further research. Currently, the exploration of leadership theories encourages leadership styles that focus on participatory engagement, embracing of teamwork and service before self, encourage t...
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... Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 377-393. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2012, July). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review Psychology, 64, 361-388. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809
Shadare, O. A. (2011, July). Management style and demographic factors as predictors of managerial efficiency in work organizations in Nigeria. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 10(7), 85-93. Retrieved from http://www.cluteinstitute.com
Taneja, S., Pryor, M. G., Humphreys, J. H., & Singleton, L. P. (2013, March). Strategic management in an era of paradigmatic chaos: Lessons for managers. International Journal of Management, 30, 112-126. Retrieved from www.internationaljournalofmanagement.co.uk/
Across the globe, there are CEO’s, managers, and several other individual’s in leadership-type roles that have the expectation of making their company successful in the eyes of the investors, the employees, and the customers that they serve. This may be measured by a company’s gross profitability, employee engagement or overall customer satisfaction. Most companies have leadership models and strategies in place that leaders are expected to use in order to drive the expectations of the company while maintaining consistency across the business. In an effort to examine various types of leadership styles, I have conducted interviews with two individuals that are or have been previously tasked with leading their teams and their company towards success.
Servant leadership, as defined by Kretiner and Kinkicki (2015, p.486), is putting the needs of others, including employees, customers, and community ahead of one’s own needs. This management style requires selflessness and humility from management so the organization can focus on serving key stakeholders. There are ten characteristics of a servant-leader as identified in the text
Chet Craig is the Central Plant Manager of the Norris Company. He started as an expediter in the company's eastern plant and was quickly promoted to Production Supervisor in three years. After two years, he was promoted to Assistant to the Manager of the Eastern Plant. Five years later, Chet was transferred to the central plant as an Assistant, and after one month, was promoted to his current position.
The Servant Leader discusses the importance of leaders who adopt a service oriented attitude in which they care for the needs of others before their own. A servant leader need not be an actual servant or have ever been a servant to become a servant leader. Rather, a servant leader is born with or adopts an “others first” disposition. Climbing through the ranks may help to create a servant leader, though it is not necessary. When leaders choose to see that the needs of their followers or their organizations are the highest priority they become servants.
Today’s organizations require leadership styles conducive to supporting an organization’s culture, competiveness and effectiveness for survival in the 21st century. The depth of leadership presents leaders and managers with the task of understanding and supporting the needs of employees while maintaining strategic goals and missions throughout daily leadership. However, when an organization’s culture falters due to various factors, does leadership style bear the overall responsibility for internal discord?
Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that augments the lives of individuals, builds better organizations, and creates a more just and caring world, they put the team first, and themselves second (MindTools, 2015). Servant leaders are able to demonstrate their traits through interaction with followers and other leaders within the organization. The characteristics of servant leaders include their commitment to the growth of people, stewardship, and building community, and provide leaders with the opportunity to experience change and to invite followers to change (Savage-Austin & Honeycutt 2011). Servant leadership encourages leaders and followers to ‘raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality’, and set their leadership focus: follower’s first, organizations second, their own needs last (Sendjaya, Sarros, & Santora, 2008). The servant leader focuses on the needs of others to include team members.
Leadership is a communication process of a leader and individuals in which the leaders behavior or attitude directs individuals towards any goal effectively. It is widely believed that leadership creates the vital link between organizational effectiveness and people’s performance at an organizational level (Avolio, 1999; McGrath and MacMillan, 2000). The effectiveness of an organization depends upon the leader having an effective leadership style in order to effectively reach the goal of the organization; with it being one of the key driving forces for improving a firm’s performance. Scholars suggest that effective leadership behaviors can facilitate the improvement of performance when organizations face problems (McGrath and MacMillan, 2000). To effectively achieve leadership of individuals and organizational outcomes, four theories can be used; Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model, Vroom & Yetton Participative Leadership Model, and House & Dessler Path-Goal Theory.
Leadership style is a behavioral model that leaders use it to interact with followers. Leadership is a combination of providing direction, making decision, motivating sub-workers and achieving goals (Fertman & Liden 1999). Furthermore, Chemers (2007) asserted that leadership is the executive of organizational intelligence in which leadership effectiveness is linked to organizational performance. In addition, Obiwuru et al (2011) stated that the leadership styles are predictor to leadership effectiveness whereby leadership style in an organization is one of the factors that play significant role in enhancing or retarding the interest and commitment of the individuals in the organization. In this paper, we will concentrate on three leadership
Currently, leadership is generally understood as a person with insight and wisdom of guidance, which expected to be efficient in management responsibilities like planning organizing, and monitoring performance (Kandola, 2004, p. 144). In addition, making ethical decision is important to individuals who value and take seriously institutional...
Leadership is defined as the action of guiding an individual or group of people. Effective leaders shape the behavior and thought process of the individuals around them. As a result, the success of an organization is often impacted by the leadership style and approach of its leaders. Even when engaging with multiple people, impactful leaders maintain their own style of leadership but occasionally change their approach based on the motivational needs of each individual. However, regardless of the style, leadership within an organization is designed to drive the performance of their employees and it is done through proficient communication. This guidance influences the culture of an organization, which subsequently, helps to shape its leaders.
Culture, as well as climate, provides the leaders and the followers a context in which they interact. In turn, both culture and climate a positive organizational environment enabling members to feel better about themselves, have stronger commitments, and produce better work. In addition, culture and climate can affect the organization mission accomplishment either positively or negatively based on its members shared attitudes. In both cases, members’ shared attitude plays a critical part in the motivation and commitment level throughout the organization. Additionally, culture and climate can provide an environme...
Organizations are constantly tested with various moral and ethical problems and dilemmas. Organizational leaders are the key to establishing an ethical climate in the workplace. By understanding and improving their own moral reasoning, and the biases that affect moral judgment, they enable themselves to make better decisions. This has a catalytic effect that positively increases organizational climate, ultimately improving all organizational behavior.
Effective use of leadership styles and models can foster organizational success by increasing motivation, enhancing cooperation, and giving sense of direction to the staff and executives. Building awareness of the various leadership models and styles can help leaders develop their approach to enable them become more effective leader. In this article, six video clips will be examined for the leaderships styles used and their effectiveness for the specific situation.
Leadership Theories and Studies. (2009). In Encyclopedia of Management. Retrieved July 20, 2011 from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3273100155.html
Holloway, Joseph. “Leadership Behavior and Organizational Climate: An Empirical Study in a Non-profit Organization.” Emerging Leadership Journeys 5. 1 (2012): 9-35. http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/elj/vol5iss1/ELJ_Vol5No1_Holloway_pp9-35.pdf