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The effect of Anxiety Disorders essay
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Anxiety is a common well-known emotion around the world, however, many individuals seem not to understand the underlying causes of anxiety. In general terms, anxiety is a mood state of fear associated with the preparation of the uncertainty (Craske, 2009). When fear strikes, anxiety is the emotion in search of a cause (Smoyak, 2014). During an anxiety episode, receptors hit the mind and it affects our physical symptoms, thoughts, and behaviors. For instance, Anxiety is triggered by our amygdala the portion of our brain that is responsible for our emotions and is also the response to our adrenaline of fight, flight or freeze. Individuals are most prone to receiving anxiety disorder in their years of adolescence. In fact, anxiety mood …show more content…
2016). The Amygdala is part of the core development of Anxiety (Yuan et al. 2016). Considering that the Amygdala is the section of the brain that controls anger and emotion, anxiety is prevalent in the role of the Amygdala. Emotional dysregulation has been found with the role in the Amygdala as worry emotions increased (Makovac et al. 2016). An intrinsic disruption in the communication between the left amygdala and brain regions in communications in the network in emotion regulation has been suggested as the disconnection (Toazza, et al. …show more content…
Anxiety and Depression share some traits in the amygdala such as avoidance of sad facial expressions (Gibb et al., 2009). A research experiment studying unique contribution of depression and anxiety based on emotional processing and amygdala activation by the use of neuroimaging showed when individuals were faced with fearful, happy and neutral faces abnormal response to the amygdala was strong lighted presence (van den Bulk et al., 2013). This study suggested that anxiety symptoms are a better predictor for differentiating activation patterns in the amygdala (van den Bulk et al.,2013). It has also been proposed that the limbic system is activated to form negative valence in facial emotions that links to anxiety symptoms (Makovac et
Osumi, T., Nakao, T., Kasuya, Y., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., and Ohira, H. (2012). Amygdala dysfunction attenuates frustration-induced aggression in psychopathic individuals in a non-criminal population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 142(1), 331-338, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.012)
Anxiety is a monster that most people have to deal with on a daily basis. Even though anxiety is not actually a monster it still torments thousands of people every day, leaving them weak and scared. Anxiety defined means “distress or uneasiness of mind caused by fear of danger or misfortune” defined by Dictionary.com. In the epic poem of Beowulf, one could say that the townspeople had anxiety when it came to Grendel because they feared what he could do to them.
The orbitofrontal cortex is associated with the limbic system including the amydala, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Association to the limbic system includes the connection to insular cortex, the parahippocampal regions and the hippocampus (Cavada et al., 2000). The limbic system influences the control of behaviour and emotions in an individ...
...n fear and arousal (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten &ump; Bohus, 2009). The work of dampening this arousal is carried out by the pre-frontal region of the brain. Brain imaging has revealed that personal differences in the capacity to activate areas of the prefrontal cerebral cortex, which is believed to activate inhibitory responses, predict the capacity to repress negative feelings (Williams Sidis, Gordon &ump; Meares, 2006). Acetylcholine and norepinephrine in addition to serotonin are the main neurotransmitters in the circuit involved in the regulation of emotions. Imbalance of these neurotransmitters in conjunction with increased GABA activity is believed to have the capacity to result in intense mood swings similar to those of borderline personality disorder (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten &ump; Bohus, 2009).
The Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience examines an article on the amygdala response to fear faces and the way it is different between one’s own culture and other cultures. The amygdala is specialized in detecting threat and includes fearful facial expressions. The researchers of this study hypothesized that amygdala response is greater in individuals of their own culture. This study was conducted on both native Japanese participants and Caucasians in the United States. Functional brain imaging was acquired at two neuro-imaging facilities. Japanese participants were scanned at the National Institute for Physiological Sciences in Okazaki, Japan. Caucasian participants were scanned at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging in Charlestown, MA.
Anxiety is a feeling of tension associated with a sense of threat of danger when the source of the danger is not known. In comparison, fear is a feeling of tension that is associated with a known source of danger. I believe it is normal for us to have some mild anxiety present in our daily lives. Everyday that I can think of I have some kind of anxiety though out that day. Anxiety warns us and enables us to get ready for the ‘fight or flight’ response. However, heightened anxiety is emotionally painful. It disrupts a person's daily functioning.
In other words, Henry cannot encode and compose short-term memory, and recall long-term memory of his past experience. Additionally, Henry’s amygdala has also been removed from this surgery, which caused him to learn fear from daily life and remember some unpleasant events. Therefore, Henry always expresses happiness more than sad and unhappy emotions. It is an interesting finding that amygdala is associated with fear memory and emotional expression. Henry Gustav died in 2008.
Anxiety according to Dr.Mercola, “anxiety is a natural normal response to potential, threats, which puts your body into a heightened state of awareness.” (Dr. Mercola) People are often unaware and disregard the severity of the disorder, thus mistaking anxiety for stress. On the contrary, anxiety has many similarities to stress,but stress is an anxiety trigger.(Henry) Frequently the causes of anxiety are unknown or result with our a clear cause rather by its own will.( Henry) The disorder most distinct feature is its internal trigger and its internal response, unlike many other disorders frequently caused internally by the victim without their knowledge.(Henry) “[Anxiety like stress, triggers]... a flood of stress hormones like cortisol
Why do we have emotions? Emotions are vital for healthy decision making and avoiding negative experiences. The Secret Life of the Brain demonstrates a brain with abnormal processes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. However, the life-constraining disorders produced from these abnormalities, including emotional paralysis, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression, can have treatments or preventions to help insure healthy lives.
Gamer, M., Schmitz, A. K., Tittgemeyer, M., & Schilbach, L. (2013). The human amygdala drives reflexive orienting towards facial features. Current Biology, 23(20), R917-R918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.008
is the fear center of the brain (Davenport & Scott, 2017). The amygdala is our emotional center
Pine, D. S. , Cohen, P. , Curley, D. , Brook, J. & Ma, Y. (1998). The Risk for Early - Adulthood Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescence With Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56-64.
3). By drawing on more advanced biological knowledge of the brain’s activities in different areas, Storbeck and Clore (2007) concluded that the visual cortex could actually identify subliminal stimuli (which is regarded as a kind of cognitive activities) without its being consciously aware of by the subject. The only difference between a conscious and unconscious cognitive processing, they argued, was the strength of firing of the neurons which determined whether such information entered the subject’s consciousness, and leading to a more confident identification of the stimuli. Hence an unconscious processing doesn’t rule out cognitive activities and implies a preferential processing of affective components. Furthermore, they argued that amygdala was not the essential part in the mere exposure effect by citing the case of a patient GY whose amygdala has been severed from his visual cortex (Greve & Bauer, 1990) yet who was still shown to have the mere exposure effect. Therefore, they concluded that emotion and cognition should be treated as interdependent faculties functioning alongside with each other. This advocate was supported by a later meta-analytical review of the brain basis of emotion (Lindquist, Wager, Kober, Bliss-Moreau, & Barrett,
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
In general, anxiety has an effect on emotions. People of all ages with anxiety have common symptoms because anxiety affects the same parts of the brain. Although “moodiness” is a popular emotion that people have frequently, when it repetitively comes up it can be defined as a symptom of anxiety. Hand in hand with “moodiness,” a routine of irritability is another symptom that has been recorded for anxiety. Anxiety is also seen when one is unable to relax, feels overwhelmed, have a sense of loneliness and depression. Even though depression is a symptom of anxiety, it can also be an end result to a critical case of anxiety. Along with emotional, physical symptoms also come to the attention of those who diagnose anxiety.