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Antisocial personality disorder case studies
Antisocial personality disorder case studies
Antisocial personality disorder abstract
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John Wayne Gacy, Tim Bundy, and Ottis Toole are all infamous serial killers that suffered from a certain disorder. That disorder is called antisocial personality disorder. The biggest question that we have for these men is what triggered these non-empathetic men to commit such heinous crimes, was it mostly biology based or environment? Or do both factors share an equal amount of blame? When it comes to what is the exact cause of antisocial personality disorder, researchers and scientists are unable to come into an agreement. More or less, scientists agree that this personality disorder is caused by a combination of environmental and biological factors. While most scientists are able to agree what environmental conditions serve as precursors for a child to develop antisocial personality disorder characteristics in life, the problem continues to be what internal chemical imbalances are occurring to create this disorder. This ongoing question has been thrown to the public to ponder over for many years. At this time, there are no guarantee of wrong or completely right answers, but only theories to the causation of the disorder. By examining multiple biological theories, along with their fallacies (if any are presented) will we detect what the most probable cause is for this disorder. Before proceeding on what antisocial personality disorder is, along with its debatable biological causes, it is important to understand the criteria for a personality disorder. According to the manual used to diagnose psychological disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, describes personality disorders are ongoing mental illnesses that continue to dramatically affect an individuals’ life. The disorder involves feelings, i... ... middle of paper ... ...fusion sets in when determining if these changes were present before the disorder took place or not. There is not sufficient research that has been conducted at the early stages of antisocial personality disorder to better understand the direct biological causes. Nor are there enough studies based off of women, most studies are male dominated. I would like to figure out how much a role does a women’s testosterone level have with a low amount of serotonin and high amount of cortisol have in causing antisocial personality disorder. Studies should be equally performed on both sexes to determine what biological traits the sexes have in common. Maybe that would help clear confusion. Only with further research conducted in the future, can we fully understand how this neurotransmitter along with other chemical imbalances rewires the brain into unsavory personality disorder.
Personality disorders and mental illnesses are viewed by the general public as similar attributes that are equally harmful. However, when one delves into the diagnostics and patterns of the individual disorders and illnesses, it can be seen that there are major differences between each one. There are many levels of severity of the effects each disorder or illness has on society as a whole. They range from affecting only the individual on a solely personal basis to affecting a large amount of people on a highly violent level. Generally, it is found that mental illnesses have an influence on an individual level while personality disorders have an influence on a widespread level. As in every medical topic, there are outliers, or cases that are far outside the expected outcome, but for the most part, illnesses have less far reaching effects than disorders. On the spectrum of the societal effects of personality disorders and mental illnesses, the obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is actually a mental illness, is on the lowest level in terms of widespread consequences; just above this illness is schizophrenia which has the ability to affect more than the individual unless treated; the narcissistic disorder has farther reaching effects in society, such as in bureaucratic situations, than the two previously mentioned illnesses, placing it higher on the spectrum, and last, but not least, the schizoid personality disorder has proven to have the most wide spread consequences in the form of both emotional trauma and violence allocating it the highest level.
Raine, A. (2008). From genes to brain to antisocial behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 323-329.
This chapter of The Justice Professional discusses the antisocial personality disorder that many serial killers encompass. It describes the different types of serial killers that include the visionary sadistic killer, mission-oriented sadistic killer, hedonistic sadistic killer, control-oriented sadistic killer and the predatory sadistic killer. Similarities in murder cases that link serial killers together is a large portion of this chapter that also talks about childhood struggles and the development of irregular sexual behaviour. It was found that the antisocial personality
“Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing pattern of a disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. It usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into their adult lives.” (Staff & Grohol, 2014) Individuals with antisocial personality often display deviant behavior throughout their life and are often classified as different outcast groups in the society such as sociopaths and psychopaths. People with this disorder tend to social predators who befriend individuals and overtime gain their trust and loyalty then cause pain and suffering to these individual’s lives without feeling any form of remorse.
Over the years, the theory has evolved into today’s foremost biological crime theory. The theory takes into account genetics and disorders that may be inherited. One example of a disorder that is genetic is antisocial personality disorder. This specific disorder is accompanied by a variety of side effects, some of which may result in psychopathic or sociopathic behavior. Psychopathic and sociopathic behavior specific to this example would be murder. Jeffrey Dahmer, for example, was an individual that participated in seventeen murders over a span of thirteen years. Although Dahmer was not able to plead insanity, he still had a severe mental disorder that may be partly to blame for some of his actions. Biological disorder is often difficult to back up due to the fact that many disorders are also based on nurturing
The main cause of antisocial personality disorder is unknown. However, genetic factors and environmental factors are both believed to be linked to antisocial personality disorder. Environmental factors include being a victim to child abuse or a dysfunctional family life. “People with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at increased risk”:(“Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms,” 2013). On the other hand, research suggests that genetics could also be a factor. When abnormalities development in the nervous system, this leads to learning disorders, hyperactivity, and bedwetting which in turn leads to antisocial personality disorder.:(“Antisocial Personality Disorder Symptoms,” 2013). Not only are the causes unclear, but also because they are unclear exams and tests are given to determine if one has the disorder or not. “Antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation that assesses the history and severity of symptoms. To be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, a person must have had conduct d...
Nature versus nurture has been argued in attempt to understand how criminals behave. The theory of what influences psychopath and serial killers’ violent and destructive pathways has not been agreed on till this day. Criminals such as psychopaths and serial killers have been researched for the past two decades. Scientists have found that genetics is a determining factor of who becomes a serial killer. It is important to understand the determinants involved within a serial killer, because if these social and environmental causes are discovered, they can be altered and controlled to reduce crime (Lykken, 1993). With more studies, we would therefore prevent mass murders and could assist in significant reductions of crime within society.
In order to gain an understanding of antisocial personality disorder and treatments used in working with the disorder, is is important to examine changes in the diagnostic criteria and personality traits associated with antisocial personality disorder over time. However, the disorder was not actually listed and defined until the DSM-III in 1980. Prior to that ASD was lumped in with psychopathy and sociopathy. Around the 1970’s psychopathy became the focus at attempts of standardization. Robert Hare developed a diagnostic tool, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Pickersgill, 2012). This helped advance the understanding of psychopathology however, it should be used more as a tool for classifying rather than diagnosing the disorder. Hare’s research and development of the PCL-R set up the foundation for
Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine in detail the mental health disorder known as antisocial personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a mental disorder that is characterized by “a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others” (Hatchett, 2015, p. 17). The questions that this paper seeks to answer are, how does ASPD affect individuals and their functioning, what are the potential causes of the disorder, what kinds of therapeutic approaches are there for treatment, and what empirical support is there for the effectiveness of those treatments. One thing that must be understood when doing this research is the difference between psychopathy and ASPD. Some have the opinion that ASPD and psychopathy are two different disorders, that psychopathy cuts across several Cluster B personality disorders, or that ASPD can be skewed to merely be synonymous with criminality (Hatchet, 2015, p. 17).
“A lot of doctors and other mental health professionals just throw up their arms, and other mental health professionals just throw up their arms, and say, “What’s the point of even identifying antisocial personality disorder? What are we gonna do with these people?” said Donald W. Black, M.D, a professor of psychiatry. According to Wikipedia, Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others. People with Antisocial Personality Disorder vary from serial killers, murders, thefts, and rapists. Thus making Antisocial personality disorder one of the most feared disorder.
Individuals with antisocial personality disorder often violate the law resulting in them developing into regular criminals. They often, behave in a violent and impulsive manner and are often involved with substance abuse. Consequently, many professionals have been intrigued as to why the brain of an individual with antisocial personality disorder functions the way
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) consists of several categories, one such category is behavioral disorders. Behavioral disorders among the easiest to diagnose as symptoms that can be seen such physical aggression, resistance to authorities, and other rebellious issues (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These disorders are categorized as “wide range of age inappropriate actions and attitudes of a child that violates family expectations norms and the personal or property rights of others” many of such behavior disorders are diagnosed around preschool ages to early adolescents. When they are notice in older adolescents, the disorder had begun to interfere with school performances and/or peer or familial relationships.
[4] L. Baker, S. Bezdjian, and A. Raine, Behavioral Genetics: The Science of Antisocial Behavior (2006). Law and Contemporary Problems. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/27592122.pdf?acceptTC=true (8 August, 2013)
56% of variance in antisocial personality disorder can be explained through genetic influences. Genetics have a lot to do with this because sociopathic behavior can come from depression. Depression is a genetic disorder. Sociopathic behavior is found in people all over the world and people make shows about this disorder to show what it can look like. Sociopathy affects people in all different ways and it can be treated as long as the victim wants the help. The topic of sociopathy has many causes, which can negatively impact the victim, their family, and the society in which the victim is involved in; however, many treatment options are available to lessen the impact on the victim's future.
There are various theories within the biological explanation as to why individuals commit criminal behaviour, these include: genetic theory, hereditary theory, psychosis and brain injury theory. In the next few paragraphs examples of each will be shown.