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The role of women in Greek myth
The role of women in Greek myth
Women's roles in greek society
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In Greek society, women are viewed as untrustworthy and incapable of possessing power. In the plays, Antigone and Agamemnon, the authors portray the female characters as subordinate to the male characters. An individual’s gender dictates how society reacts towards their actions and what is acceptable. It is outside of the society’s guidelines for a woman to assert herself in any manner. She is expected to obey man’s law regardless of her own perspective towards the situation. If an individual behaves as weak or unsubordinated then they would be classified as women under Greek society. A female character in both plays behave out of manner by asserting their own morals over the law of man. In Antigone, Antigone refuses Creon’s laws and believes …show more content…
Antigone directs herself and challenges these stereotypes and creates challenges for the men around her. Antigone was proud of her decisions to go against Creon’s law, to not bury her brother, and that was her crime against society. Antigone denied Creon’s authority over her. “But this proud girl, in insolence well-schooled, first overstepped the established law, and then […] She boasts and glories in her wickedness.” (Line 480-493). Antigone glorified her rejection of Creon’s authority over her. She understood what it meant for her to deny her expectations of obedience but still acted on what she believed to be correct. She acts on her own morals with the acknowledgement of what man views as right. She behaves with male characteristics because she believed them to be justified under the laws of the Gods. She argues that she could not have let her brother remain unburied because it was the right thing to do under the laws of the Gods. She says that Creon's law cannot override the Gods therefore, she will not obey Creon. More so because Creon wants to asserts his dominance over more than what society allows. “For me it was not Zeus who made that order. Nor did that Justice who lives with the gods below mark out such laws to hold among mankind. Nor did I think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrun the gods’ unwritten and …show more content…
In Antigone Creon harshly punishes Antigone simply because she is a woman. Had she been a man the consequences of her actions would not have been as heavy. The use of gender roles in both plays dictate how the public views the individual’s actions. In Agamemnon gender roles reveal the standards of Greek society and the dictatorship they hold over the character’s lives. Because the society has associated incompetence and untrustworthiness with women whenever a character demonstrates one of these traits they are then denoted as a less important figure. Therefore, when Clytemnestra and Antigone’s demonstrate male characteristics they defy the standards of being a woman through gender reversal. A character that behaves with female characteristics is expected to obey the male character. In both plays a female character asserts her own morals above a man’s which result in the reversal of gender roles under Greek
In the play, Sophocles examines the nature of Antigone and Creon who have two different views about life, and use those views against one another. Antigone who is depicted as the hero represents the value of family. According to Richard Braun, translator of Sophocles Antigone, Antigone’s public heroism is domestically motivated: “never does [Antigone] give a political explanation of her deed; on the contrary, from the start [Antigone] assumes it is her hereditary duty to bury Polynices, and it is from inherited courage that [Antigone] expects to gain the strength required for the task” (8). Essentially, it is Antigone’s strong perception of family values that drive the instinct to disobey Creon’s orders and to willingly challenge the King’s authority to dictate her role in society.
Within these lines, Antigone reveals that she holds herself sanctimonious over her king by admitting his punishment is “nothing” compared to the “agony” she will face if she leaves her brother unburied. She also conveys a nonchalant attitude towards the repercussions of her action when she mocks Creon accusing him of being a “fool.” Although Antigone is aware that others such as her sister, Ismene and her fiancée, Haemon—the son of Creon, may suffer because of her act of civil disobedience, she is unwilling to abandon her protest to negotiate in a peaceful manner. This conduct implies that she does not completely comprehend the seriousness of her action or understand the weight of her crime rendering her approach inconsistent with King’s theory.
Women had very few rights, they lived as prisoners, serving men 24 hours a day. Women were sheltered from society, restricted to their husbands and their husbands houses, crying out for help and justice but there is no one to there to hear their screams. In the play Antigone when the title character had to sneak out of the house to meet up with Ismene. Ancient Greek men ruled a lot like over protective fathers with teenage daughters. Men were also scared of women gaining confidence and begin thinking on their own or worse taking action or speaking out against men, like in the play Antigone where Antigone confronts Creon by burying Polyneices after Creon strictly stated that no one bury him. If someone were to bury him, the whole Polis would stone them to death. When Creon found out that someone buried Polyneices, he did not even consider that it could have been a women that did it.
Antigone, as a character, is extremely strong-willed and loyal to her faith. Creon is similarly loyal, but rather to his homeland, the city of Thebes, instead of the gods. Both characters are dedicated to a fault, a certain stubbornness that effectively blinds them from the repercussions of their actions. Preceding the story, Antigone has been left to deal with the burden of her parents’ and both her brothers’ deaths. Merely a young child, intense grief is to be expected; however, Antigone’s emotional state is portrayed as frivolous when it leads her to directly disobey Creon’s orders. She buries her brother Polynices because of her obedience to family and to the gods, claiming to follow “the gods’ unfailing, unwritten laws” (Sophocles 456-457). CONTINUE
Although Antigone has a bad reputation with Creon, and possibly Ismene, for being insubordinate, she stays true to her values throughout the entire play by following the law of gods, not so that she could appease them, but because she admired its value of honor and respect to loved ones that have passed away. This devotion and determination to give her brother a proper burial shows the true essence of her being: that loyalty to family is in fact hold above all else.
One of the conflicts in Antigone, is the struggle between men and women. Ismene tells Antigone that since birth, women “were not born to contend with men,” (75) displaying women’s obedience and passivity. In the same passage, Ismene says: “we’re underlings, ruled by stronger hands,” (76) a representation of men’s aggressive and “stronger hands” that dominate women and treats them as second-class citizens. The only woman in Thebes who desires to break free from these chains is Antigone, who stands up against Ismene’s passivity urging her to “submit to this,” (77) and defy Creon by burying Polynices. By breaking Creon’s edict, Antigone challenges the traditional gender roles women and men play. In what ways does the theme of gender in Antigone, demonstrate the passion and choices behind Antigone and Ismene’s decisions?
Despite the male dominant society of Ancient Greece, the women in Sophocles’ play Antigone all express capabilities of powerful influence and each individually possess unique characteristics, showing both similarities and contrasts. The women in the play are a pivotal aspect that keeps the plot moving and ultimately leads to the catharsis of this tragedy. Beginning from the argument between Antigone and Ismene to Eurydice’s suicide, a male takes his own life and another loses everything he had all as a result of the acts these women part take in. The women all put their own family members above all else, but the way they go about showing that cherishment separates them amongst many other things.
The sexist stereotypes presented in this tragedy address many perspectives of men at this time. Creon the arrogant and tyrant leader is, the very character that exemplifies this viewpoint. Antigone's spirit is filled with bravery, passion and fury; which allow her to symbolize the very essence of women. She is strong enough to do what her conscious tells her despite the laws of the land. Many examples in the play prove that Antigone's character is very capable of making her own decisions in the name of justice. First, Antigone opposes Creon's law and buries her slain brother; because in her mind it was immoral not to. She does this because she is compassionate and loves her brother very much. Creon, however, believes that his laws must be upheld and would do anything to prevent any type rebelling. He is even more infuriated when he learns that a woman has broken his laws. He tries to show Antigone who's in charge by sentencing her to a life of imprisonment. Secondly, Antigone shows how determined she is by accepting her consequences with pride. She does not try to hide that she is responsible for breaking Creon's laws, moreover, she takes all the credit. All the while she maintains her strength because she truly believes in her actions. These sorts of actions ultimately prove that Antigone is courageous and willing to stand up to men, which was completely against the norm at this time. Her spirit refuses to submit to the role of a helpless woman like her sister Ismene's character does.
You shall leave him without burial...” (222). Opposing the king, she neglects the decree and is now to die at the orders of the law for being disobedient; yet Antigone proudly states her crime. There is no sign of remorse shown by Creon as he states: “No; though she were my sister’s child or closer in blood than all that my hearth god acknowledges as mine, neither she nor her sister should escape the utmost sentence-death” (530-33). Bobrick, explains that Creon values the love for his land more than he values family and this becomes a struggle for Antigone as it becomes a fight between obeying the laws of man and the laws of the god’s. The second struggle Antigone faces comes when she realizes she is alone. Antigone confides in her sister Ismene with her plans to disobey Creon; but Ismene, a clear example of how a lady was obliged to be in this time, urges Antigone not to commit the act. Antigone rejects her advice and declares that Ismene is an enemy to her now (41): “If you talk like this I will loathe you, and you will be adjudged an enemy…” (109-10). Antigone must fight on her own. Thirdly, per Bobrick, Antigone
These two examples alone give us the impression, which degrades women and the power they had. On the contrary, Antigone goes against society view and a norm to do what she considers is morally proper. Ismene, Antigone’s sister and foil of the story, is compared with her throughout the story since Ismene believes that adhering to the law is more important over family loyalty. Ismene says: “I shall obey those who are in authority, for deeds that are excessive make no sense at all” (Antigone, Page 22, Line 67-68).
Antigone points out many things , however one of the main things that it points out is how bad gender inequality is back in the old day. It shows many examples of how many societies were run back then. It proves to me how women and men were portrayed in the Greece society, are the equal or different, what gender expectations do they follow or fight against?
The first decree announced to the people is one he believes to be fairly agreeable for all, and is utterly shocked to discover that of all who would dare disobey, his niece Antigone would be the first to denounce his leadership. While he shows compassion for this young woman, he is in a dreadful position, for he must carry out his promise of death in order to establish true authority. Tracing her foolish actions back to the path laid out for her by her incestious birth, Creon will not yield to one who dares to believe her morals are superior to the law laid down by the king himself. As he states, “But this is worst of all: to be convicted and then to glorify the crime as virtue.” This quote demonstrates his unwillingness to hear her stance on the matter, denying her a chance to explain the relevance of the burial to her.
In the play Antigone by Sophocles, the audience can clearly see that the role of women in Thebes is a very important theme. Women in ancient times were viewed as inferior to men in all respects.. In the case of Greek women, their freedom was tied to the leniency of the male figure in their life who held control over them; the rules and restrictions placed on them were unfair even for the ancient world. Antigone takes an important and strong stand for a good cause challenging the social values and rules in Thebes…….. That is important because the play revolves around the power and struggle between a main male and female character, Antigone and Creon.
By boasting of it, glorifying in her crime. / I swear, she is the man and I the woman” (468-72). Creon calls Antigone insolent and disobedient, which shows his position regarding gender roles when he states that she should be the man and he the woman. It becomes clear in this statement, that he believes men to be the only gender capable of disobedience. Meaning women cannot rise against power, and men should be the only ones with power.
Sophocles first presents Antigone as a fighter when she brags about her crime to Creon, refusing to be subordinate to him simply because she is a woman. Antigone defends her crime, explaining “[Antigone] dared. It was not God’s proclamation. That final justice that rules the world below makes no such laws” (1.2.57-58). Antigone is steadfast in her beliefs in the face of powerful men who expect her to yield and repent; she demolishes gender stereotypes that represent women as fragile and lesser than men.