Andre Le Norte is considered the greatest garden and landscape designer from France. He was born in Paris, France in 1613 into a whole family of gardeners. He was married to Francoise
Langlois and had 3 children. Andre grew up surrounded by the gardening of his grandfather and father which made him quickly acquired to practical and theoretical knowledge. He lived within the city of Tuileries which allowed him to study at Palais du Louvre, and academy of the arts. At the school he became highly educated in mathematics, architecture, and landscape. At the school he made several connections and was able to study under the architect Francois Mansart for many years.
In 1637, Andre took over his father’s position as head gardener at Tuileries
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Andre didn’t believe in writing down his gardening ideas and would only ultimately express himself though his gardens.
Andre Le Norte’s first major garden design was the Vaux-Le-Vicomte which he worked on with a team of other architects. The idea of this garden was to make a large symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools, and walkways. He also implemented “forced perspective” into his designs so that things would appear closer than they really are. The final garden was completed in 1661.
Le Norte next designed the most famous garden in the world today, the Chateau de
Versailles. Andre designed Versailles as the center of the government for the monarch, Louis
XIV. The Chateau is an example of the French Baroque style. He designed it with huge parterres, an orangery, large fountains, ornamental groves, and a canal. Versailles also includes the largest avenue in Europe, the Avenue de Paris. This was a different garden then Le Norte was used to, he had to refine his gardening concepts and was a fine example of advanced topiary work. He created a play on shadows and sunlight by alternating shady places, the groves, and the parterres.
Andre Le Norte worked on a number of other big gardening projects in France.
Philippe Petit changed numerous peoples’ thoughts about the Twin Towers when he performed his high wire walk between them in 1974. Before Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers in 1974, people weren’t certain how they felt about the construction of the World Trade Center. After Philippe performed, people began to warm up to the idea of the towers. Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers on August 7, 1974. This event prompted Andrew McMahon to write the song “Platform Fire” about this event for his band, Jack’s Mannequin. This song was not a hit for the band; however, fans of Jack’s Mannequin seem to have a special place in their heart for it.
The final plan of the garden by Le Nôtre was decided in 1668. The major axis of the gardens was traced following the sun path from east to west (Figure 7). This is also associated with Louis, expressing how his power as the Sun king is over nature. The axis created a great perspective going from the Water Parterre and finish at the Grand Canal. Similarly, a secondary perspective going from north to south orientation, from the Neptune Fountain and finished at the Swiss Pool (Figure 7). Along these two axes, fourteen groves are planted with palisades of clipped bushes bounded around it. Both the site layout of Versailles and the gardens are associated with the sun in some aspects. Consistently, both of them have the same implication of the king’s power over nature and the absolute monarchy of Louis.
Landscape architecture has been around since the beginning of time, but it was not until Frederick Law Olmsted came along that the idea of integrating design into the landscape with plants, water, and structures that it turned into a thriving profession. To many, Olmsted is considered “a pioneer in the profession of landscape architecture, an urban planner, and a social philosopher, one of the first theoreticians and activists behind the national park and conservation movements” (Kalfus 1). Growing up, he did not ever graduate from formal schooling and just sat in on a few classes while at Yale in New Haven, Connecticut. Instead, he acquired his education from being out in the world through traveling and reading. He had a hard childhood. His mother died when he was just four years old and on his journeys around the world to Europe and China, he became sickly with seasickness, paralysis of the arm, typhoid fever, apoplexy, sumac poisoning, and at times suffered from depression. For many years he went on a journey within himself to find out whom he really was and what he wanted to do with his life, career wise. Frederick had one brother, John Hull, who died in 1857. This left Olmsted feeling empty and at loss of what to do. That was when Calvert Vaux came and filled the space in Olmsted’s life that his brother left. Vaux convinced Olmsted to enter the Central Park Commissioner’s design competition with their design entitled the “Greensward Plan.” With the success in that project, Olmsted figured out what he wanted to do with the rest of his life, which was to become a landscape architect. Olmsted practiced from the years of 1857 up until he retired in 1895. Olmsted’s two boys, adopted son John Charles and biological son Frederick La...
When Louis XIII built his hunting lodge on the hillside of Versailles in 1623 , I suspect he never imaged the true master piece of French Baroque architecture it would become and that it would continue live throughout history in all its glory, almost viewed as a physical timeline of the history of France. Versailles was the seat of absolute monarchy and became its own symbol, it became the physical representation for power. Looking past its extensive historical background, the palace of Versailles has such a complex architectural and artistic influence as nearly four generations of French king royals have lived in the palace continually expanding and renovating it to match the current styles and inspirations of that era. In creating Versailles,
The main driving element in William Morris’s life has been the nature around him and the houses he lived in. The most prominent influence was the Kelmscott Manor. Therefore, I chose to go with Kelmscott Manor’s layout plan that exhibits the “inspirational garden “ that led to most of his design decisions, a map that depicts the pockets in the manor and how Morris was inspired by it. In addition to this, an original drawing of the Kelmscott Manor’s exterior that depicts how the manor amalgamated within the garden. To reinforce this, I picked a watercolor of the Kelmscott Manor and a photo that captivates the various perspectives of the garden in the manor. Moving on to his designs that interprets his love for nature I picked up the very first of his wallpaper design of the trellis that has a very naturalistic touch to it with the vines which seemed to be an extension of the “inspiration garden” on to the paper. Also chose one of the wallpapers he designed during the middle of his lifetime and one of his last designs as well. The underlying concept behind picking those was to outline the consistency in his design concept throughout his life. William Morris was a poet , whose poetry and compositions were also inspired by nature, and to depict his poetry in form of naturalism concept I picked a stance from one of his compositions that talks about forest, flora and fauna which directly ties to his underlying concept. Also the compositions he wrote always had engraved borders which was ...
The reason for this is because some of the landscapes he painted looks to be vast in the way he is focusing more on the things closer to the viewer. His artwork gives his audience a sense of what early American explorers looked at when traveling through this monumental land. The works also convey a realistic truth of the outdoors for his viewers. They sense that there must be some sort of higher power that must be behind the grandeur of this land. This ideology is showed by the simple fact that some of his painting include people who are subordinates to the scenery.
Kleiner, F.S., Mamiya, C.J., Tansey, R.G. (2001) Gardeners Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, USA.
Built by Louis XIV, it was transformed into an immense and extravagant complex surrounded by a stylized English and French gardens; every detail of its construction glorified the king." Versailles, Palace of the Palace. Encyclopedia Britannica. Its garden is one of the most well-known and largest with its tree-lined paths, flowerbeds, fountains, and lakes. The king was extremely happy with what he had built for himself, his officials, and his people.
recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French
The role of gardens play a much more important role in Japan than here in the United States. This is due primarily to the fact the Japanese garden embodies native values, cultural beliefs and religious principles. Perhaps this is why there is no one prototype for the Japanese garden, just as there is no one native philosophy or aesthetic. In this way, similar to other forms of Japanese art, landscape design is constantly evolving due to exposure to outside influences, mainly Chinese, that effect not only changing aesthetic tastes but also the values of patrons. In observing a Japanese garden, it is important to remember that the line between the garden and the landscape that surrounds it is not separate. Instead, the two are forever merged, serving as the total embodiment of the one another. Every aspect of the landscape is in itself a garden. Also when observing the garden, the visitor is not supposed to distinguish the garden from its architecture. Gardens in Japan incorporate both natural and artificial elements, therefor uniting nature and architecture into one entity. Japanese gardens also express the ultimate connection between humankind and nature, for these gardens are not only decorative, but are a clear expression of Japanese culture.
His father taught his Latin but after a while saw his son’s greater passion towards mathematics. However, Andre resumed his Latin lessons to enable him to study the work of famous mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Bernoulli. While in the study of his father’s library his favorite study books were George Louis Leclerc history book and Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond Encyclopedia, became Ampere’s schoolmasters (Andre). When Ampere finished in his father’s library he had his father take him to the library in Lyon. While there he studied calculus. A couple of weeks later he was able to do difficult treaties on applied mathematics (Levy, Pg. 135). Later in life he said “the new as much about mathematics when he was 18, than he knew in his entire life. His reading...
The French architect, Jean Nouvel (1945 - ), set up his own firm in 1975. He was became well-known of his innovative techniques, the use of modern materials, and brilliantly letting the site, its intended usage, cultural background, and other factors dictate the
He started painting in the summer of 1921 and completed it in winter of 1922. The painting was influenced by his family's summer house in Mont-Roig del Camp. This genre was a Naïve Art. He used magical realism to help understand the painting. One can see animals from inside the house and detailed objects on the painting.
Influencers of Garden Design: A Look At Lancelot Brown Lancelot Brown who is famously known as “Capability” Brown was born in 1716 in Kirkharle, Northern England. This English garden designer was surrounded by landscaping and architecture all throughout his childhood. His father, William Brown was a farmer in Kirkharle and his eldest brother George Brown was an architect, and soon Brown started showing interest in botany and landscaping.
Built 10 miles southwest of Paris, the city of Versailles is the home of one of the most famous palaces in the world (Jaris). When Louis XIV was reigning over France he really enjoyed his father's hunting lodge. He built a courthouse, multiple fountain gardens, and the famous Hall of Mirrors