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Cognitive consequences of false memories
Cognitive consequences of false memories
Cognitive consequences of false memories
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Recommended: Cognitive consequences of false memories
Brandon Baltazar
Dr. Nadia Swerdlow
English 101
Monday/Wednesday 9:00 A.M
7 March 2018
Draft
Memory is a fickle thing, often when recalling memories, one does not completely recall the whole truth. Often, one stretches the truth or lies about certain memories. In addition, memories are important because without memory there would be not past self, only our present self. Meaning there will be no concept of self-identity.
Memories help shape our current self. So why would someone lie about a memory? Does one even benefit from lying to themselves? Memories represent the change in our self, so it makes sense that someone would lie about a memory to believe, that the person has change over the years. By answering these questions, one can better
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Hampl is a poet and a writer with an B.A in English from the University of Minnesota, and author the of “Writing Autobiography”. In Hampl’s article, she reveals her difficulty in recalling her past as a child. In the beginning, she starts out with many details of her setting and the people around her. She particularly takes notice of Sister Olive and how Sister Olive taught her to play the piano. While Sister Olive was showing her to play the middle C, Hampl notice how Sister Olive sneeze while the sun was out. Hampl remarks: “Things were not, after all, necessarily what they seemed. Appearance deceived: here was the sun acting totally out of character. . .” (98) reveals how Hampl realizes something was odd about the sneeze and the weather. To which, Hampl concludes that the memory may not be completely truth and sometimes it’s hard to distinguish memory and imagination. In addition, Hampl recalls Mary Kathrine Reilly, a fellow student who according to her was better at playing at piano. At their first exchange Hampl concludes that, “she would be the leader, and I the side-kick” (99) but Hampl later says that whole memory was also a lie. Which demonstrates how memories affects someone’s self-identity, as it makes Hampl look like a follower not a leader. Furthermore, Hampl’s memory of Mary demonstrate, how the memory affects the …show more content…
She also states that we often lie about our memories, but not intentionally we lie because we feel we must. Furthermore, Hampl illustrates the benefits altering memories can have on writing a memoir, as she is, “forced to admit that memoir is not a matter of transcription” (101) meaning that writing memoirs often require some imagination. To summarize the above, one can see the effects that memories can have on the self-identity and see it’s
I began a study of autobiography and memoir writing several years ago. Recently I discovered two poets who believe that recording one’s place in history is integral to their art. Carol Muske and Joy Harjo are renowned poets who explore the intricacies of self in regards to cultural and historical place. Muske specifically addresses the poetics of women poets, while Harjo addresses the poetics of minority, specifically Native American, writers. Both poets emphasize the autobiographical nature of poetry. Muske and Harjo regard the self as integral to their art. In this representation of self, Muske and Harjo discuss the importance of truth-telling testimony and history in their poetics. Muske says, “…testimony exists to confront a world beyond the self and the drama of the self, even the world of silence—or the unanswerable…” (Muske 16).
Primo Levi once said, " Human memory is a marvelous but fallacious instrument. The memories which lie within us are not carved in stone; not only do they tend to become erased as the years go by, but often they change, or even increase by incorporating extraneous features.." The memory of a human being is a fascinating matter, but it is not something that stays with us forever. Memories will often change or multiply with unnecessary information, but they are what define you as you.
Where are the memories of our pasts held? In scrapbooks full of photographs, or perhaps written on the pages of a locked diary? Picture though, something as simple and ordinary as a closet full of clothes. Think about its contents, where they have been worn, what they have been through, the stories attached to each item. The nameless protagonist of Diane Schoemperlen’s short story Red Plaid Shirt does this as she recalls a snippet of her past life with each article of clothing she picks up. Red plaid shirt, blue sweatshirt, brown cashmere sweater, yellow evening gown, black leather jacket…each item has a tale of its very own, and when combined they reveal the full story of the main character’s life.
The memories of an individual will give shape to their own identity and how they are able to perceive the world around them; memories allow an individual to look back at where they were and where they are now and to see the contrast of their current life. In the text “Ru”, Kim Thúy, the narrator, finds herself looking back at her memories of her life and dreaming for more. When she arrives at Mirabel airport in Quebec, she is awestruck by the peace and beauty of it compared to her past in in the refugee camps of Malaysia and war torn Vietnam. Throughout her visit, she is able to dream of her future outside of her bleak memories of her past, and imagine a future without the constant strife of living in a post war life. Kim is able to use her memories to shape who she wants to be and allows her to truly admire where she is and where she wants to go, setting a path for her to follow throughout life. In the text, “Ru”, Kim Thúy uses her own past and memories to demonstrate the idea that an individual's memories will shape who they are and show them a life they want to live, whether it is a memory they want to revisit or a memory in which they wish to leave behind. Kim’s present is influenced greatly by her past and allows her to appreciate the little things all that much
Memories are symbols that are used to demonstrate the progression from the past into the development of one’s current personal identity. We often use our personal memories to investigate our thoughts. Native Guard by Natasha Trethewey and Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro are 21st century works that reflect on the use of memoires to enhance personal thoughts to impact perspectives. Perspectives are created and altered by addressing and reflecting on thoughts and feelings towards previous events. In Native Guard, Trethewey uses her memories to develop a perspective on her past and history. In Never Let Me Go, Ishiguro uses Kathy’s memories to develop her actions and decisions. Tretheway and Ishiguro both demonstrate that a memory is a symbol
In the poem, Harjo portrays the importance of recalling the past to help shape one’s identity. She uses the repetition of the word “Remember” to remind that while the past may be history, it still is a defining factor in people’s lives (l. 1). This literary technique
“Holding onto past memories helps humans avoid pain in the future. These experiences also help them make better decisions in the future.” (Kenny) Many people advise others to learn from the past and apply those memories so that you can effectively succeed by avoiding repeating past mistakes. On the contrary, people who get too caught up with the past are unable to move on to the future. Memories are the foundation of a person's mindset because what you make of them is entirely up to you.
The first issue that needs to be addressed however is what exactly is memory? “ Without memory we would be servants of the moment, with nothing but our innate reflexes to help us deal with the world. There would be no language, no art, no science, no culture. Civilization itself is the distillation of human memory” (Blakemore 1988). The simple interpretation of Blakemore’s theory on what memory is that a person’s memory is at least one of the most important things in their life and without it civilization itself could not exist.
Kathy is engaged in the difficulty of understand life in order to comfort themselves, even if she has to lie in order to discover the truth. Kathy speaking about her life when she is older, signifies that she wants to be felt important and have her own impact to others lives in some way. In depicting the dynamics of memory, Kathy rewrites their past so they can have access to her identity. However, memory can be twisted so easily that she hides the failure in her life by bending the truth of what happened. Ishiguro explores the profound effect of memory in a manner in which it shapes one’s life as well as how humans subject events incoherently.
Eva Hoffman’s memoir, Lost in Translation, is a timeline of events from her life in Cracow, Poland – Paradise – to her immigration to Vancouver, Canada – Exile – and into her college and literary life – The New World. Eva breaks up her journey into these three sections and gives her personal observations of her assimilation into a new world. The story is based on memory – Eva Hoffman gives us her first-hand perspective through flashbacks with introspective analysis of her life “lost in translation”. It is her memory that permeates through her writing and furthermore through her experiences. As the reader we are presented many examples of Eva’s memory as they appear through her interactions. All of these interactions evoke memory, ultimately through the quest of finding reality equal to that of her life in Poland. The comparison of Eva’s exile can never live up to her Paradise and therefore her memories of her past can never be replaced but instead only can be supplemented.
Multiple sources have proven that memories are important in establishing one’s identity. In The Outsiders, Johnny’s violent and rough past affected the way people see him and the way he views himself. S.E. Hinton wrote about her memory of dreaming to be a writer, her true identity. Finally, in Julian Baggini’s lecture, he introduces the idea that multiple factors shape a person. Appearance may paint what a person looks like on the outside, but memories help incorporate emotion and movement to a painting of oneself.
At the biological age of eighty-two, Patricia Airhart provided partial insight to her autobiographical memory, presenting her self-concept. Inquiring Mrs. Airhart through a personal interview, I analyzed internal and external factors that potentially impacted her life’s trajectory. From normative age-graded and history-graded influences with her non-normative-changes, I evaluated my perception of the shared components of her life (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2011, Jennings, 2010).
Memory is the tool we use to learn and think. We all use memory in our everyday lives. Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences. We all reassure ourselves that our memories are accurate and precise. Many people believe that they would be able to remember anything from the event and the different features of the situation. Yet, people don’t realize the fact that the more you think about a situation the more likely the story will change. Our memories are not a camcorder or a camera. Our memory tends to be very selective and reconstructive.
What really is a memoir? Patricia Hampl once wrote, “[A] memoir must be written…made of the stuff of a life lived in places and in history.” But does it really have to be all true? A memoirist’s commitment to the truth is not of absolute importance in memoir writing because memoirs are fiction, and memoirs are about impression and feeling.
The criticism that Mphahlele's awareness of his being a "hybrid' person imparts an inability to his being able to "write his story himself " is a criticism contrived out of literal derivations of the Greek components of the word "autobiography". The textual landscape of Down Second Avenue includes many varied and detailed arenas, the rural setting and its many dimensions, the city and its many dimensions. In the sense that autobiography is part of the genre of biography in the postclassical European tradition, that being the life accounts of saints and princes, the criticism is perhaps true to some extent. However, in the aspect of the autobiography being a search for identity and hybridity being the essence of Down Second Avenue, it is hybridity per se that is the author's story.