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How is femininity and masculinity socially constructed
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INTRODUCTION Wendy Lower in Hitler’s Furies interrelates the adventures of 13 women who travelled to East Germany in search of jobs, fortune, romance, and even power. These young women (mostly secretaries, wives, teachers and nurses) saw the “wild east” as an exciting opportunity to acquire what most women in Germany dreamed about which were career advancement, marriage and valuable possessions. Hitler’s Furies attacks the claim that women in Germany were largely innocent and hardly participated in Nazi party’s devilry by using examples of seemingly “ordinary” German women who committed heinous crimes under the guise of patriotism. Their crimes were as low as being indignant bystanders to as high as been the perpetrators who were only too …show more content…
For instance, throughout the book, she emphasises her point stating that women are not any different from men when it comes to violence, and they equally commit murder when given the opportunity in the right circumstance, but she refuses to acknowledge the male and female murder statistics. A modern statistical analysis which concludes, “Although women compromise more than half of the U.S population, they committed only 14.7% of the homicides noted during the study interval. In contrast to men, who killed non-intimate acquaintances, strangers, or victims of undetermined relationship in 80% of cases.” Although Hitler’s Furies is useful for learning the role women played in the Third Reich, it is a one-sided book with an agenda. Hence, it is not a book to be recommended for using as an academic source when examining the role of women in the Third Reich without prejudice. “That women, as well as men, can abuse their fellow human beings, is hardly the novelty she claims.” Consequently, Hitler’s Furies fails to fit the criteria of an academic resource concerning the History 358 …show more content…
For example, Lower provides an explanation for why these female perpetrators participated in the genocide - of Jews, asocials and other unfortunate groups in the Third Reich – by stating that “there is general agreement among scientists that the environment is the most important factor in determining whether one will become a perpetrator of genocide.” This argument implies that genocide is as a result of nurture and it seems fairly logical but she also goes on to argue that nature as a cause of genocide by stating that "the behaviour of the perpetrators was all too human… Genocide as an idea and act is a human phenomenon."Hence, Hitler’s Furies does not fit the criteria of an academic resource concerning the History 358
The First World War presented European women with ample opportunity to step up and demonstrate their strength; however men of this era had conflicting opinions of how capable women were to take on a man’s occupation. Therefore, it was necessary for women to prove their abilities and destroy the widespread belief of their stupidity and ignorance. To begin, it was during this era of World War 1 and directly after this that women were able to prove themselves as vital members of the economy and society of Europe. In Document 1, a picture depicts the harsh patriarchal society that women were forced to change by showing a woman being ignored by a man. The purpose of this photo of a female figure arguing that women were strong enough to save men
The Silber Medal winning biography, “Surviving Hitler," written by Andrea Warren paints picture of life for teenagers during the Holocaust, mainly by telling the story of Jack Mandelbaum. Avoiding the use of historical analysis, Warren, along with Mandelbaum’s experiences, explains how Jack, along with a few other Jewish and non-Jewish people survived.
The next text analyzed for this study is the first monograph read for the study, therefore, there is a lot of information that had not been previously discussed by the latter authors: Claudia Koonz 's 1987 text Mothers in the Fatherland. The author begins her text with a Preface where she discusses her interview with Gertrude Scholtz-Klink, the leader of the Women 's Labor Service. While this is not the first time in the study that Scholtz-Klink 's name appears, but Koonz 's discussion of the interview personifies Scholtz-Klink, rather than just make her a two-dimensional character in historical research. For the first time in this study, the reader can understand the reasoning some people (right or wrong) sided with the Nazi Party. The interview
Once again minor Nazi soldiers are to blame for the Holocaust because they didn’t question decisions, they ultimately pulled the trigger, and separated families. It was madame Schachter imagined the fire, fire that was lit by soldiers. It was that fire that soldiers used to murder millions of people. We must never forget these crimes that humanity has committed, we must never make these mistakes
...wise you were to bring your women into your military and into your labor force. Had we done that initially, as you did, it could well have affected the whole course of the war. We would have found out as you did, that women are equally effective, and for some skills, superior to males." (Albert Speer, head of Nazi war production)
Griffin believes that each individual is shaped by forces beyond their control, beginning in their childhood, and it is these particular events that shape and mold people into the person they later become. Hitler’s Nazi Germany can be explained partly because of child-rearing practices common during that time. While Griffin is not wrong, the events leading up to the Holocaust can be traced way further back than an individual like Himmler’s childhood. The events and attitudes in Nazi Germany take on a high resemblance and seem to be a product of the disciplinary mechanisms established by the plague. Germany was just another part of the Panopticon Foucault describes.
... context that shaped Heinrich Böll, it becomes apparent to the reader that these conditions have greatly shaped the themes and ideas discussed in Böll’s, The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum. Main issues such as the corruption and collusion of powerful institutions in society, especially the police, press and industrialists have come through, with emphasis being placed on the misogynistic and patriarchal society and the effects this has on the treatment of woman, shown by Katharina. Böll brings his awareness of they way in which power and status are connected to wealth into the text and greatly condemns the abuse of power by the dominant groups in society, “Böll had little faith in any moral renewal coming from political or ecclesiastical hierarchies.” . Böll believed that “the function of literature is to challenge the arrogant claims to totality made by all ideological systems” . By incorporating his own context into his work, The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum, Böll leads the reader to a greater understanding of this time period in West Germany, at the same time undermining the dominant systems and causing the reader to question and carefully examine power structures in society.
The events which have become to be known as The Holocaust have caused much debate and dispute among historians. Central to this varied dispute is the intentions and motives of the perpetrators, with a wide range of theories as to why such horrific events took place. The publication of Jonah Goldhagen’s controversial but bestselling book “Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust” in many ways saw the reigniting of the debate and a flurry of scholarly and public interest. Central to Goldhagen’s disputed argument is the presentation of the perpetrators of the Holocaust as ordinary Germans who largely, willingly took part in the atrocities because of deeply held and violently strong anti-Semitic beliefs. This in many ways challenged earlier works like Christopher Browning’s “Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland” which arguably gives a more complex explanation for the motives of the perpetrators placing the emphasis on circumstance and pressure to conform. These differing opinions on why the perpetrators did what they did during the Holocaust have led to them being presented in very different ways by each historian. To contrast this I have chosen to focus on the portrayal of one event both books focus on in detail; the mass shooting of around 1,500 Jews that took place in Jozefow, Poland on July 13th 1942 (Browning:2001:225). This example clearly highlights the way each historian presents the perpetrators in different ways through; the use of language, imagery, stylistic devices and quotations, as a way of backing up their own argument. To do this I will focus on how various aspects of the massacre are portrayed and the way in which this affects the presentation of the per...
Since the “new woman” ideal was unrealistic for many women, many could feel that they were not strong modern woman. Hitler and the Nazi party targeted that insecurity by boosting the importance of the role of a mother in Germany. Only by following the tradition lifestyle of a woman could they ever be equal with men in their contribution to the Nazi movement. Elsbeth Zander, a Nazi activist and leader of the German Women’s Order, addresses the role of women in 1926, where she explains the important impact of motherhood in Germany. Zander explains, “We women must, through our quiet, honest work, inspire the German male to do noble things once more!.” Which when analyzed critically, this quote truly means that women should be the behind the scenes of the movement, caring for the household and being strong in their soul, not actions. Propaganda supporting Nazi’s defination of womanhood was common, such as the “Healthy Parents- Healthy Children!” poster from 1934 Germany. The visuals of this poster, with an Aryan woman dressed femininely is shown happily with her many children and husband is in direct contrast to the visuals of a “new woman” who stood independently on her own, dressed androgynously. In this way, the Nazi party was not only setting the racial standard for Nazi Germany, but the gender
He argues that the ideas of Hitler’s Nazi regime was just as ethical as Mother Teresa’s sermons on peace. This is where his argument begins to fall apart. He argues that Hitler 's Nazi regime was morally correct for his time, but only regards importance of moralistic qualities to the people in
Nazi propaganda played an important role in the Holocaust, the extermination of millions based on race, religion, and ethnicity. It successfully secured the acquiescence of the general public to the crimes committed by the Nazis. The Nazi Party used their control of the media to fuel anti-Semitic belief and to persuade Germans to support the Nazi cause throughout the Holocaust and World War II.
‘The Short life of Anne Frank’ is a twenty-eight-minute long look motion, which introduces the audience with a concise observation about the young German-Jewish girl’s life, and her own personal development through growing up, ambitions and desires, orderly documented in her diary; the dearest thing she held closest to her. We see in Netten’s documentary a brief overview of her productivity within German life with her family as she grew up, followed shortly by a very abrupt preface about the Anti-Semitic political party gaining power. The emphatic male commentary by Jeremy Irons alongside of this is profoundly informative yet powerful throughout the entire documenta...
Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Vintage, 1997. Print.
Those with negative, undesirable, or inferior traits may be discouraged from having offspring. They may be sterilized, or undergo dangerous medical procedures or operations with high mortality rates. I chose this topic because it appealed to me and seemed interesting. In the following paragraphs, the tactics, methods, and propaganda the Nazi’s used will be exposed. Adolf Hitler (the Führer or leader of the Nazi party) “believed that a person's characteristics, attitudes, abilities, and behavior were determined by his or her so-called racial make-up.”
Hitler’s Furies spearheads knowledge under those exists about German ladies throughout the third Reich. Wendy bring down opens book fans eyes of the fact that Incorporation for female historical backdrop throughout WWII. Hitler’s Furies takes after those exists for 13 German ladies Throughout Furthermore taking after the third Reich. Ingelene Iven’s might have been an instructor. Erika Ohr, Annette Schucking, Also Pauline Kneissler were attendants. Ilse Struwe, Liselotte Meier, Johanna Altvater, Also Sabine Herbst dick were secretaries. Gertrude Segel Landau, Josefine Krepp Block, Vera Stahli Wohlauf, Liesel Riedel Willhaus, what’s more Erna Kurbs Petri were wives Furthermore lovers of Nazi authorities. These ladies were witnesses, accomplices,