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Recommended: Gender in literature
Ursula Le Guin’s novel, The Left Hand of Darkness, is set on a planet called Gethen where the inhabitants are androgynous, or in somer, until a period of time during the month where they become either male or female, or in kemmer. At this time, only one can become male and the other female and if one gets pregnant they remain female until they give birth. Because of this, Gethen is a world where gender has been removed or distributed so that it is no longer limited to some individuals and not others. Nevertheless, Joanna Russ argues that Gethen is just a “world of men” because the emphasis on politics, the lack of attention to family life, and the use of male pronouns for all characters. She claims that this reinforces our own gender norms and undermines our experiencing a “genderless” world.
While Russ is correct that Le Guin mainly uses the pronoun “he” and makes use of primarily stereotypical “male” activities this criticism misses the fact that The Left Hand of Darkness should be read with a focus on how gender is on Earth and what it constitutes within our society by comparing it to the concept of gender on Gethen. Le Guin wants us to examine what gender means as a standard and what purpose it serves in our lives. By looking through Genly Ai’s perspective we are able to
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She has us see someone with the same mindset as us, in regards to gender, enter an androgynous world and interact with the inhabitants to establish relationships. We share his reactions and can realize how much gender dictates within our society and restricts our views to understand other’s interpretations. Social norms have been shaped by the way we perceive gender in a way we’ve become blind to the issues it creates. We’ve become desensitized to the serious issues that gender has affected like gender roles, job inequality, politics, and much
The novel complicates its own understanding of women
Daphne’s struggles with a perceptive look at how you can’t change what certain things feels right for you. Through out Daphne’s life she was pulled to being a boy. Instead of altering how she felt she learned that this was good for her, and this is how people should see gender identity disorders but people are afraid of the unknown. Daphne’s strength is covering the way to new thinking and understanding of this disorder. The LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with heterosexual) has come a long way and everyday their effort to notify us on how they want to be treated evenly is allowing them to gain more acceptances. Our society is slowly fluctuating for the better and hopefully one day LGBT won’t have labels.
very hard to get into her world from the first chapter, Winter, Hainsh Cycle 93,
context out of which a work of literature emerges molds the interpretation of gender in that work.
The stark expectations surrounding gender and sex of today’s society stem largely from a need to seek use of exclusionary language. Jacques Derrida, one of the many source contributors from which Judith Butler sought out to formulate Queer Theory as we know it today, pegged the idea that language is exclusionary in and of itself. His most commonly used example is that of “chair” versus “not chair”; how do you define a chair? If you were to look at a bench, a couch, a table, a swing, a bed- these things are “not chair”. Similar to this example is the situation that society forces every individual born into it to face- “male” and “not male”, or “female” and “not female”. Fausto-Sterling approaches this issue from a unique perspective that utilizes both her knowledge as biologist (looking towards the cellular basis of “sex”) paired with her self-proclaimed feminist perspective. Her perspective on a more sensible system of sex was initial...
As Lorber explores in her essay “Night to His Day”: The Social Construction of Gender, “most people find it hard to believe that gender is constantly created and re-created out of human interaction, out of social life, and is the texture and order of that social life” (Lorber 1). This article was very intriguing because I thought of my gender as my sex but they are not the same. Lorber has tried to prove that gender has a different meaning that what is usually perceived of through ordinary connotation. Gender is the “role” we are given, or the role we give to ourselves. Throughout the article it is obvious that we are to act appropriately according to the norms and society has power over us to make us conform. As a member of a gender an individual is pushed to conform to social expectations of his/her group.
In the novel The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula Le Guin, in the terms of Karl Jung, the anima of the main character, Genly Ai, develops as his relationship with Therem Harth re ir Estraven grows during his time on the planet Gethen. Initially, Ai has a stronger animus archetype, and displays the typical male behaviors of humans. By building a strong relationship with Estraven, an androgynous alien, he is able to change his perspective on the gender roles of human society. When Le Guin’s novel began, Ai had already been on the planet Gethen for almost two years. Even after that much exposure to the androgynous inhabitants of Gethen, the Gethenians, his perspective still hadn’t changed; he still held a typical animus archetype.
Egalia’s Daughters explicitly expresses how genderized our culture is by presenting the opposite of what we know to be true. The book reverses all that we know to be socially acceptable and correct for men and women by reversing those gender roles and creating what we know to be masculine as feminine, and what we know to be feminine as masculine. Brantenberg writes about a society where men (she calls them manwim) take on what we consider to be female roles. They stay in the home, take care of the kids, are stereotypically passive, ditsy, subordinate to women, unintelligent, etc. Whereas women in the Egalian society (she calls them wom), make the money, are powerful, dominant, aggressive, authoritarian, etc. Wom are looked up to and considered the more powerful sex, and menwom are considered to be vulnerable and weak.
The gender binary of Western culture dichotomizes disgendered females and males, categorizing women and men as opposing beings and excluding all other people. Former professor of Gender Studies Walter Lee Williams argues that gender binarism “ignores the great diversity of human existence,” (191) and is “an artifact of our society’s rigid sex-roles” (197). This social structure has proved detrimental to a plethora of people who fall outside the Western gender dichotomy. And while this gender-exclusive system is an unyielding element of present day North American culture, it only came to be upon European arrival to the Americas. As explained by Judith Lorber in her essay “Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender”, “gender is so pervasive in our society we assume it is bred into our genes” (356). Lorber goes on to explain that gender, like culture, is a human production that requires constant participation (358).
As Melinda Sordino is entering the 9th grade the unspeakable happens to her. This event impacts many facets of adolescent life. It change is her mentally, socially and emotionally. More importantly it changes who she associates herself with. After the incident, she starts to look at females and males differently. One could argue, that at some point in the novel she doesn’t associate herself with the female gender. However, when Melinda does begins to solve her problems and learns to advocate for herself, she starts to see females in a new light. Throughout the novel Melinda aims to distinguish herself from orthodox gender roles.
The feminist perspective of looking at a work of literature includes examining how both sexes are portrayed
In her novel Orlando, Virginia Woolf tells the story of a man who one night mysteriously becomes a woman. By shrouding Orlando's actual gender change in a mysterious religious rite, we readers are pressured to not question the actual mechanics of the change but rather to focus on its consequences. In doing this, we are invited to answer one of the fundamental questions of our lives, a question that we so often ignore because it seems so very basic - what is a man? What is a woman? And how do we distinguish between the two?
...present powerful characters, while females represent unimportant characters. Unaware of the influence of society’s perception of the importance of sexes, literature and culture go unchanged. Although fairytales such as Sleeping Beauty produce charming entertainment for children, their remains a didactic message that lays hidden beneath the surface; teaching future generations to be submissive to the inequalities of their gender. Feminist critic the works of former literature, highlighting sexual discriminations, and broadcasting their own versions of former works, that paints a composite image of women’s oppression (Feminist Theory and Criticism). Women of the twenty-first century serge forward investigating, and highlighting the inequalities of their race in effort to organize a better social life for women of the future (Feminist Theory and Criticism).
The young girl in the story is struggling with finding her own gender identity. She would much rather work alongside her father, who was “tirelessly inventive” (Munro 328), than stay and work with her mother in the kitchen, depicted through, “As soon as I was done I ran out of the house, trying to get out of earshot before my mother thought of what to do next” (329). The girl is torn between what her duties are suppose to be as a woman, and what she would rather be doing, which is work with her father. She sees her father’s work as important and worthwhile, while she sees her mother’s work as tedious and not meaningful. Although she knows her duties as a woman and what her mother expects of her, she would like to break the mould and become more like her father. It is evident that she likes to please her father in the work she does for him when her father says to the feed salesman, “Like to have you meet my new hired man.” I turned away and raked furiously, red in the face with pleasure (328-329). Even though the young girl is fixed on what she wants, she has influences from both genders i...
Indisputably, roles and characteristics of opposite genders have been ubiquitous, since historical evidence proves so – dating back to when the practice of oral tradition was favored over written language. This historical evidence is especially apparent in literature from previous time periods. In these works of literature, men and women often have very different social and economic positions within society. Particular duties, or tasks, are practiced depending on the gender of these individuals. However, in the advancing world we are currently living in, these duties are beginning to intertwine in an effort to allow equal rights amongst opposite genders. This effort to break the sexist barrier, which encompasses our world, has already begun rattling the chains of politicians and the like. However, with the progressions made thus far in retaliation to sexism and unequal gender privileges, the United States of America is heading in a positive direction towards gender equality. Nonetheless, the female gender is perceived as a lesser entity in society while the male gender is dominant and controlling. The masculine individuals in literary works usually govern, or direct the feminine individuals. These characteristics are often evident in various literary works – including “Hills Like White Elephants,” and “A&P” written by Ernest Hemingway and John Updike, respectively. The slow and steady transformation from a sexist society to one that allows inferior genders to perform similar tasks, if not the same as their superior counterparts, may disturb the ideological mindset of figures with authority; however, it provides inferior genders with the opportunity to branch out socially, economically, and politically.