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Results of british imperialism in india
Impact of British rule in India
Partition Of India Research Paper
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The poorly-planned withdrawal of the British from its Indian ‘colony' left close to one million people dead and created chaos, hatred and violence that lasted over 50 years and forced Winston Churchill to condemn it as the ‘shameful flight.' These historical events complicated the histories of India, Britain and Pakistan because of the ill-informed partition program carried out by British authorities. The Shameful Flight covers the periods between the fall of Singapore to the Japanese in February 1942 and Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. In this book, Wolpert's thesis argues against the death of hundreds of thousands of people who died after the partition of India. For example, Wolpert believes that the catastrophe resulted from Mountbatten's rushed process of the nationhood in which the new border lines in the middle of Punjab and Bengal prompted murder, arson and violence that left over 10 million Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs displaced from their homes and over five hundred thousand dead.
In summary, the Shameful Flight is a story narrating the final years of British rule in I...
Five years following the Second World War, the setting of 1950s England is skillfully illustrated, as the nation is no longer much of a powerhouse. The way of life that has fulfilled the de Luce family is waning, as economic realism and modern life approach the under-funded country pile. Bradley captures the distinct era in history, a mixture of post-war adversity and the Empire coming to its end. Flavia is bemused; uninformed of the physiological effects the war had placed...
Flight 19 was the designation of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared over the Bermuda Triangle on December 5, 1945 during a United States Navy overwater navigation training flight from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale, Florida. All 14 of the airmen on the flight were lost as well as the 13 crew members of a PBM Mariner flying boat of professional investigators which is thought to have exploded in mid-air while searching for the flight. Navy investigators could not determine the cause of the loss of Flight 19 yet many researchers argue otherwise claiming that there is a specific cause for the disappearance of Flight 19.
Superheroes and villains are not commonly associated with airlines, but in the article “A Tale of Two Airlines” by Christopher Elliot, it is put into a different perspective. The two airlines in question are Spirit and Southwest. Although both have some similarities, they both have considerably different views on how to treat customers. Southwest practices treating customers with respect, while fares may be a little higher. Spirit’s beliefs are to treat customers “like cargo” with lower fares. With their friendly attendants and better overall customer interaction, this appoints Southwest as the hero, making Spirit our villain. Elliot makes his point by exclaiming the “heroes” should be rewarded with a higher multitude of passengers and the “villains” should not be granted this satisfaction.
This report is on the Crossair flight 3597 crash which happens at Zurich airport on 24th November 2001. Analysis of Crossair flight 3597 will be covered, which includes details such as facts of Crossair flight 3597 crash, and the three contributing factors involved in the air accident. The three contributing factors are mainly Crossair, pilot error and communications with air traffic controllers.
Travelling at a speed twice that of sound might seem to be something futuristic; however, this feat has already been achieved almost 40 years ago by the world’s only supersonic passenger aircraft-The Concorde. Concorde brought a revolution in the aviation industry by operating transatlantic flights in less than four hours. The slick and elegant aircraft with one of the most sophisticated engineering was one of the most coveted aircrafts of its time. However, this was all destined to end when Air France Flight 4590 was involved in a tragic disaster just outside the city of Paris on July 25, 2000. The crash killed 113 people, but more disastrous was its impact. The belief and confidence people had with Concorde gradually started to fade, and finally Concorde was grounded after two and a half years of the crash. Official reports state that the main cause of the crash was a piece of metal dropped by a Continental aircraft that flew moments before Concorde, but, over the last decade, the report has met a lot of criticism, and many alternative hypotheses have thus been proposed.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
In a century defined by conflict, World War One was a conflict that redefined one nation in particular: India. The horrors of trench warfare, the sheer loss of life and the unprecedented scale of the war often overshadows the involvement of colonial troops. And although the sacrifices of New Zealand and Australia are solemnly remembered and revered, the role of India is often neglected: confined to the backs of history books and to the bottom of footnotes. As Shashi Tharoor so poignantly describes, India’s role in WWI has been “orphaned by history." But between 1914 and 1918, 1.5 million Indian men would set sail for foreign lands to fight, and many, to die, in a bitter conflict between the very same European powers that had scrambled to claim
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
In Urvashi Butalia’s book, The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India, she interviewed multiple people, specifically women, who lived through the horrific Partition of India. One significant woman who Butalia interviewed was Damyanti Sahgal. Butalia wrote that, along with being a victim of violence caused by the Partition, Damyanti later “worked for many years in the Indian State’s recovery and relief operation” (91). Damyanti’s detailed account offered significant insight into the true nature of the Central Recovery Operation. As Butalia described the broad account of what happened to women with statistics and general knowledge, Damyanti provided a first-hand account that truly illuminates the severity of the “recovery”
The decision to grant independence to India was not the logical culmination of errors in policy, neither was it as a consequence of a mass revolution forcing the British out of India, but rather, the decision was undertaken voluntarily. Patrick French argues that: “The British left India because they lost control over crucial areas of the administration, and lacked the will and the financial or military ability to recover that control”.
The 1947 partition of British India into two independent nations (India and Pakistan) was accompanied by enactments of violence unspeakable in their brutality and horror, leading Mushirul Hasan to label it a “bloody vivisection” (xii). Amongst the several atrocities at the time of partition were those committed specifically against women. Several women were raped, murdered, abducted and forced into marriage. They became the targets of horrific violence and their bodies became the sites over which victory was sought.
Train To Pakistan is a magnificent novel where Khushwant Singh tells the tragic tale of the partition of India and Pakistan and the events that followed which will be remembered as one of the blackest chapters of human history. Just on the eve of independence India was partitioned causing a great upheaval in the whole continent. Independence brought in its wake one of the bloodiest carnages in the history of India. The upshot of this was that twelve million people had to flee leaving their home; nearly half a million were killed. It is also on
Until a child is eighteen years old, the parents have full responsibility. They provide a stable and loving environment for their children. As the leaders in a household, caring and loving parents also maintain the bonds that hold the family together. However, absence of loving parental guidance can create tension between family members. Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day shows how war, specifically the partition of India, affects a particular family. The partition of Indian in 1947 created the separate countries of India and Pakistan, consequently ripping families apart. The partition, initiated by India’s independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the Islamic Pakistan. In Clear Light of Day, the Das children’s relationship with their parents causes lasting sibling conflict that mirrors this social and political upheaval of India.
The Second World War was undoubtedly the most major factor which led to Indian Independence in 1947. Whilst India might have obtained independence within a decade after 1947 had it not been for the war; the war was the catalyst which led to the Labour government being elected in 1945, and the fulfilment of Labour’s 1941 promise that they would give India independence if they were able to form a government in the coming years. Separate from the war, many other factors showed that it no longer made sense for Britain to continue the ‘civilizing mission’ in India after 1947, such as the fact that India was no longer profitable for Britain, the increased presence of popular Indian nationalism with figures such as Ghandi and Nehru spearheading the movement, and the dilution of the British army and administration within India. These factors added to the national and international feeling that Britain could no longer continue to occupy India, especially given the hypocrisy that Britain still had an imperialistic empire after having fought Germany for five years, partly against the principle of imperialism. The imperialist view of Britain leaving India because of the idea that the ‘civilizing mission’ had been completed is largely invalid. The British left because it no longer made moral, but more importantly financial sense to stay; principally because of the short and long term effects of the Second World War.
Until that day last November, I had rarely heard Dad speak about the partition. It was a subject I knew I should not bring up. But now, almost 60 years afterward, he had been captured by the zeitgeist of a generation: all over India and Pakistan, the partition survivors are seizing a last chance to reconcile their contradictory memories -- of terrorized displacement, but also of a rich shared culture that had to be left behind.