Introduction
High performance concrete is a concrete mixture, which possess high durability and high strength when compared to conventional concrete. This concrete contains one or more of cementious materials such as fly ash, Silica fume or ground granulated blast furnace slag and usually a super plasticizer
It comprises of the same materials as that of the conventional cement concrete.
The Conventional Portland Cement Concrete Problems
• Durability in severe environs (shorter service life and frequent maintenance)
• Time of construction (slower gain of strength)
• Energy absorption capacity (for earthquake resistant structures)
• Repair and retrofitting jobs.
What is High Performance Concrete?
1) High
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Some of the mineral admixtures are
• Fly ash
• Silica fumes
• Carbon black powder
• Anhydrous gypsum based mineral additives
Introduction to the BEHAVIOUR OF FRESH CONCRETE 1) The behavior of fresh High Performance Concrete is not substantially different from conventional concretes.
2) While many High Performance Concretes exhibits rapid stiffening and early strength gain, other’s may have long set times and low early strengths.
3) Workability is normally better than conventional concretes produced from the same set of raw materials.
4) Curing is not fundamentally different for High Performance Concrete than for conventional concretes/
The workability of High Performance Concrete*
1) The workability of High Performance Concrete is normally good, even at low slumps.
2) High Performance Concrete typically pumps very well/
3) Super workable concretes have the ability to fill the heavily reinforced sections without internal or external vibration, without segregation and without developing large sized voids
4) High Performance Concrete and adequate workability is normally not difficult to
Many people go through tough struggles in their lives, but no one really sees it, and most of the time no one really cares. The Rose That Grew From Concrete was written by Tupac Shakur. In this poem the author uses conflict, the characters, and mood to illustrate that just because something shouldn’t happen doesn’t mean that it won’t happen.
they're not. Concrete is to cement as a cake is to flour. Concrete is a mixture
At first the Romans did not realize the superior ability of concrete. They began by using it as a fill. They would also cover up the concrete with decorated stones. The concrete they used did not look pleasing because they had mixed it with any arrogate they had available. Later, once they discovered how useful concrete could be, they used it for everything they could. They built their houses, roads government offices, theaters, temples, and everything else they could out of concrete. Concrete was far superior in strength to stone and mortar, and it was easier to make than marble was to quarry and assemble.
If the ancient Roman innovation of concrete, were to not have been significant, it would not have continued to be used across the globe. In fact, ancient Roman hydraulic cement-based concrete was so notable that modern day scientists are trying to, “replicate the exact formula for which ancient Roman concrete was made.” This is due to ancient Roman concrete being so sturdy and strong that aspects of it have lasted over 2000 years without deterioration. Without the innovation of Roman concrete, many of the modern world’s infrastructure would not be stable, causing havoc across the globe. Also, advancements in construction, health, and even safety areas would not be possible, as almost every piece of infrastructure, from sewerage and water pipes, to building and security walls, would not be able to remain as safe to use. This is because the modern world relies so heavily on concrete, with around five billion tonnes of concrete being used around the world each year,becoming the single most widely used material in the construction industry. In fact, around 76% of all first-world infrastructure is reinforced with concrete. Without this substance, much of the modern-world's infrastructure would not be as tall or sturdy as what it currently is, as it would simply deteriorate or break. Hydraulic cement-based concrete is certainly the most significant Roman
In conclusion, the combination of both materials in this project was deemed appropriate as the aim was to utilise the advantages of both steel and concrete in the design of the building.
Calcium Chloride is wanted for a crime in Atom-city. If you have any information of the whereabouts of Calcium Chloride, please contact sheriff Cassie Mes.
This process results in concrete with increased strength and decreased permeability. Curing is also a key player in mitigating cracks, which can severely affect durability.
Aitcin P.C, “Cements of yesterday and today Concrete of tomorrow”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, (2000), pp 1349 - 1359.
Concrete today is considered by many modern engineers and architects as a more efficient and effective alternative to steel n regards to the creation of buildings, ranging from low-story apartments to neck-breaking skyscrapers. Through the rapid growth and development of the world's major metropolises and growing cities, concrete today has become one of the most important building materials to date. According to the World Business Counsel for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), “it has become the most consumed substance on earth, only superseded by water, with three tons for each person used annually” (World). This huge demand for concrete makes the cement industry one of the world's largest carbon dioxide producers, accounting for about five percent of all man-made pollution. “Approximately one ton of carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere for every ton of cement used” (World). The cause for this problem is the increase of the global population and the increasing demand for land and energy. It's effect is that as the population continues to increase, it forces builders and developers to meet the quota of creating unlimited amounts of infrastructure within a limited resource-filled world. Knowing this, a proposed and widely agreed solution is to make the concrete in an environmentally-conscious way that will incorporate more demolished concrete, scrap from past projects, and other recycled aggregates.
The primary use and advantage of structural lightweight concrete is to decrease the weight in a concrete structure, and doing that allows there to be a reduction in the size of structural elements and the volume of concrete, and also lessens the amount of reinforcing steel that is needed. The superior strength to weight ratio that comes from these factors overcomes the fact that lightweight concrete is slightly more expensive, and still produces a more economical product. (NRMCA, 2003)
Conclusions: From my understanding, it shows that Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a promising material to be used because of it good properties, no workability problem , it helps to control cracks in concrete and it is long lasting in concrete structures.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world. The reason for this is because concrete is strong, easy to make and can be molded into various shapes and sizes. Besides that, concrete is cheap, affordable and is readily mix.
Concrete is Artificial Stone obtained by mixing cement, sand and aggregates with water. Fresh concrete can be molded into almost any shape which is an inherent advantage over other materials.
Slump test was conducted to determine the workability of concrete. From each mix nine cubical specimens of dimension 150 × 150 ×150 mm were casted for determination of compressive strength and two beams of dimension 500×100×100 mm were casted for determining flexural strength. Specimens were compacted by means of vibration machine and tamping rod. Strength of cubes and beams were tested after 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days.
Sustainable concrete materials and sustainable steel reinforcement have been introduced to civil engineers to get closer to the sustainable development. Sustainable buildings constructed with use of these materials have shown an increased service life and the final cost has been reduced due to them.