Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Importance of auditors
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Importance of auditors
Collapse of Forge Group Limited
Forge group limited was established as Clampter Pty Ltd on 30 June, 1994. It became an unlisted public company in June 2005.then it changed its name to Forge Group Limited on 5 June, 2007 and finally got listed on ASX on 26 June, 2007. It has four key divisions power, asset management, construction, minerals and resources. It emerged from a small business and managed to capture a significant market presence in past years but it failed to continue its presence and put itself in voluntary administration as on 11 Feb, 2014 sacking about 1500 employees without pay and $500 Million in debts. (ASX)
Here is a detailed analysis of the failure of the Forge group
Major reasons of collapse:
From the analysis of the financial statements and the administrator’s report by Ferrior Hodgson, it is clear that major reasons of the downfall were:
• The forge group had a debt focused capital structure and the market conditions were not supportive for such capital rising so it resulted in high leverage. Due to debt focused structure, management failed to take restructuring initiatives and the risks relating to the business structure had materialized. (Hodgson, 2014)
• It lacked the diversification and risk control measures. It made investments on low margins and failed to control the cost which resultantly consumed the profits.
• General market downturn in mining industry over the last 18 to 24 months is also a reason of the failure
• Cost escalations in relation to a number of construction projects including DPS and WAPS were identified in September 2013 (Smith, 2013)
• Directors tried to take restructuring initiatives to raise capital despite of being aware of group’s inability to pay its debts.
• Group ignored advi...
... middle of paper ...
...y Act 2002, auditor is required to adopt a broad perspective and have to report on the management’s assessment of internal controls which actually promotes risk management and governance process within the organization.
In my opinion, the main reason of the corporate collapses is the absence of internal control and internal check. Unless the management doesn’t recognize its responsibility towards the organization, the collapses can’t be controlled. There must be a proper system of internal control. Management should develop accounting controls to assure the asset safeguard and reliability of accounting records. There must be administrative controls as well to assure transparent and prudent decision making. Internal audit, internal check, work standards, quality controls etc all must be adopted in order to reduce the failure chances and to make the company efficient.
Finding the perfect capital structure in terms of risk and reward can ensure a company meets shareholder expectations and protects a firm in times of recession. Capital structure refers to how a business puts its money to “work”. The two forms of capital structure are equity capital and debt capital. Both have their benefits and limitations. Striking that perfect balance between the two can mean the difference between thriving versus trying to survive.
One of the most crucial problems was that the company simply ran out of money. Their fallacious revenue evaluation and expectations were too lofty. There were a few aspect that no one could predict: as was mentioned, the unprecedented fast grow and a dangerous untested marketplace. Plus to all this they were just the victims of bad timing. In turn, board members and investors were often disappointed. As the result you have costs that were much higher than expected and revenues were the opposite down poor. All these were the reasons of the insolvency of Govworks.com.
The consistent high spending of capital equipment is the first reason why one would recommend reducing the debt to equity ratio. A company with higher levels of debt is less flexible in being able to adjust to new market demands and conditions that require the company to make new products or respond to competition. Looking at the pecking order of financing, issuing new shares to fund capital investing is the last resort and a company that has high levels of debt, must move to the equity side to avoid the risk of bankruptcy. Defaulting on loans occur when increased costs or bad economic conditions lead the firm to have lower net income than the payments on loans. The risk of defaulting on loans and the direct and indirect cost related to defaulting lead firms to prefer lower levels of debt. The financial distress caused by additional leverage can lead to lower cash flows available to all investors, lower than if the firm was financed by equity only. Additionally, the high debt ratio that Du Pont incurred also led to them dropping from a AAA bond rating to a AA bond Rating. Although the likelihood of not being able to acquire loans would be minimal, there are increased interest costs with having a lower bond rating. The lower bond rating signals to investors that the firm is more likely to default than if it had a higher (AAA) bond rating.
There is no universal theory of the debt-equity choice, and no reason to expect one. In this essay I will critically assess the Pecking Order Theory of capital structure with reference and comparison of publicly listed companies. The pecking order theory says that the firm will borrow, rather than issuing equity, when internal cash flow is not sufficient to fund capital expenditures. This theory explains why firms prefer internal rather than external financing which is due to adverse selection, asymmetry of information, and agency costs (Frank & Goyal, 2003). The trade-off theory comes from the pecking order theory it is an unintentional outcome of companies following the pecking-order theory. This explains that firms strive to achieve an optimal capital structure by using a mixture debt and equity known to act as an advantage leverage. Modigliani and Miller (1958) showed that the decisions firms make when choosing between debt and equity financing has no material effects on the value of the firm or on the cost or availability of capital. They assumed perfect and frictionless capital markets, in which financial innovation would quickly extinguish any deviation from their predicted equilibrium.
There are over two hundred and ten reasons for the collapse, however the most common theories are those that have to do with economic failure, barbarian invasions, a weakening military, and lack of a stable government.
Without the overhaul of its management, which had fixed objective also made their objectives unattainable. The corporation was in a state of out of control before the long-range strategic objectives were set in place. GM’s nominal long-range strategic objective “to use its vast financial resources to spend its competitors right into the ground” fell short on critical characteristics of practicability, flexibility, cost effectiveness, and accountability.
This did not last long because just a quickly as they rose so did they fall. Within a year their stocks were down to little of nothing, and their name was not one someone wanted to be associated with. The downward spiral can be contributed to the organization culture and improper checks and balances.
As higher investors generally expect higher returns for a more leveraged firm (Arnold 2013 p 697) there would appear to be very little scope for the RM to increase its debt capital unless it can convince investors profits are likely to profit significantly. Unfortunately the annual report does not suggest such growth is likely short term, due to increased parcel competition and falling letter sales (RM 2015).
Peter Munk, the founder of American Barrick had after experience and past failures come to the belief that high liquidity and low leverage were key tenets in a successful business. The increased flexibility obtained by following these guidelines should provide the company with opportunities that less hedged companies did not have. If gold prices were to fall then the company would not be affected by the distress costs that other competing companies would experience, giving the company an edge during times of low prices. During this time they would have additional cash reserves available to invest while other companies might be struggling to gain expensive debt financing. This is one of the major competitive advantages a gold company can have because the major costs in this industry is exploration and acquisition costs. Because of their strong financials and stability the company was also more likely to enter into more favorable contracts. The risk management program was meant to provide in...
...to short sightedness and greed. I believe, however, that these crashes can be avoided so long as the citizens do not let greed control them. My solution is to have an educated and informed population before allowing the consumers total control of the marketplace. While the CEOs profit of the hardships and shortsightedness of many, we, as a society, must take control. Only when the masses are able to make educated decisions can we ever have the possibility to prosper.
Debt financing has both advantages and disadvantages. Debt financing is a business’ way to start up, expand, or recover by borrowing money from a preson or company. The money borrowed has to be paid back along with the interest that was accrued during the length of time the loan was carried out. This option is great for company’s that do not want investors. Debt financing is beneficial because the loaners do not often get involved with the company or any decision making within the company. The downfall is the risk that is assumed with the debt which is, the company may not be able to pay back the loaner. In that case, the loaner would go after the owner or partner personally. There are many forms of debt a company is allowed to take on, such as ‘venture’ debt, even if they are a high-risk corporation. ‘Venture’ debt is a form of senior debt ...
Economic factors affecting negative or positive way the companies. The inflation and currencies rates have big influence.
The unions also blame fiasco because the decision to outsource much of the company IT source. The error that happen also came after the software being updated froze part of the bank computer system lost on that particular day. The day that this problem occur was in the Wednesday. The system is being recovery and the problem is solved on the Monday.
They point out that awareness and understanding of these causes assist companies in avoiding the growth stalls. In addition, the article demonstrates few practices that some companies use to predict and prevent the problem.
...ced in sales and therefore continued to earn rewards while those who did poorly were reprimanded and punished with further shortened schedules. The low morale reflected upon customers as they were angry with being forced to purchase worthless items and saw some of their favorite employees being maltreated and even fired. The greed of this company ran deep and its downward spiral is only just beginning to stop with the transition of ownership.