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Weimar republic and hitler's rise to power
Weimar republic and rise of the nazi party
Hitler's rule in Germany
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Ian Kershaw’s biography on Adolf Hitler 1889-1936 Hubris is a very comprehensive account on his rise to power. Ian Kershaw in his book pursues to put Hitler in his applicable historical context, including the wider history of the formation of the Third Reich as well as Hitler’s life and rise to power, allowing Hubris to be read as a history of both.
In Hubris, Kershaw reconstructs the situations that allowed Hitler’s rise; his education in anti-Semitism in his youth, the destruction of Germany in the First World War, racial nationalism which consumed Bavaria (which his hometown Braunau am Inn shares a border) and the weakness of the Weimar Republic.
Kershaw utilises Hitler in order to create a wider analysis of socio-political factions preceding and ensuing the First World War in Germany. For example, within Hubris, Kershaw utilises secondary sources such as Goebbels’s journals to shear serious insights into Hitler’s deeper thinking; the impetus behind his actions. Moreover, Kershaw comes to the conclusion that although the events of the First World War had an effect on Hitler’s
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Kershaw presents his structuralist views in Hubris. As a structuralist, Kershaw contests the intentionalist discourse that Hitler was in complete control over his Germany, methodically executing his ideological goals. Kershaw does not argue that Hitler was not central to the Nazi regime, however he focuses on the structural context of control and implementation in Nazi Germany alongside Hitler’s incapacity to copiously regulate such bedlam. Kershaw’s thesis of working towards the Führer is fundamental in his approach. Kershaw reasons that the supporters of Adolf Hitler interpreted his general ideological courses of action in order to fulfill his will throughout the Third Reich without Hitler having to be directly
Kershaw later depicts a comment made by Hitler discussing the dire need to deport German Jews, away from the ‘Procterate,’ calling them “dangerous ‘fifth columnists’” that threatened the integrity of Germany. In 1941, Hitler discusses, more fervently his anger towards the Jews, claiming them to responsible for the deaths caused by the First World War: “this criminal race has the two million dead of the World War on its conscience…don’t anyone tell me we can’t send them into the marshes (Morast)!” (Kershaw 30). These recorded comments illustrate the deep rooted hatred and resentment Hitler held for the Jewish population that proved ultimately dangerous. Though these anti-Semitic remarks and beliefs existed among the entirety of the Nazi Political party, it didn’t become a nationwide prejudice until Hitler established such ideologies through the use of oral performance and
...trates how easily the Germans were manipulated and persuaded into supporting Hitler’s ideology about Germany and its manifest destiny through the use of many fictional characters.
]Haffner, is a book which is hard to define. Only 165 pages long, Haffner has crammed more relevant information into this book than many twice its length. He observes Hitler's roller coaster ride through life and the country that he eventually took along. From Hitler's private life to the complete betrayal of Germany, Haffner evaluates the conditions and impetus for Hitler's accomplishments and failures. These include not only Hitler's psyche, but also the political arena of post World War I Europe.
Griffin believes that each individual is shaped by forces beyond their control, beginning in their childhood, and it is these particular events that shape and mold people into the person they later become. Hitler’s Nazi Germany can be explained partly because of child-rearing practices common during that time. While Griffin is not wrong, the events leading up to the Holocaust can be traced way further back than an individual like Himmler’s childhood. The events and attitudes in Nazi Germany take on a high resemblance and seem to be a product of the disciplinary mechanisms established by the plague. Germany was just another part of the Panopticon Foucault describes.
This investigation will address the research question, to what extent was Germany’s post-World War I economic depression a causal factor in Hitler’s rise to power from 1919 to 1934? With the Treaty of Versailles, the German government was required to pay 132 billion gold marks of war reparations, drastically worsened with the US Wall Street crash. This effectively crippled the German economy and created a desperate people. For this investigation, Hitler’s private life history and pre-military career will not be analyzed. His political rise will be examined from the perspective of economic and social factors. Several primary sources will be explored, including the Hitler’s Mein Kampf and Hitler’s 25-Point Program. In addition, tertiary sources covering Hitler’s non-personal life and rise to power will be studied.
The main purpose of the book was to emphasize how far fear of Hitler’s power, motivation to create a powerful Germany, and loyalty to the cause took Germany during the Third Reich. During the Third Reich, Germany was able to successfully conquer all of Eastern Europe and many parts of Western Europe, mainly by incentive. Because of the peoples’ desires and aspirations to succeed, civilians and soldiers alike were equally willing to sacrifice luxuries and accept harsh realities for the fate of their country. Without that driving force, the Germans would have given up on Hitler and Nazism, believing their plan of a powerful Germany...
Hitler had a lot to do with Germany and he was remembered but not because of anything positive, but because he was one of the worst coldhearted dictators Germany or the world could’ve experienced. My view and Topic is worth consideration by the reader because it will inform them more about Hitler’s actions in 1933 and so on.
The debate as to whether Hitler was a ‘weak dictator’ or ‘Master of the Third Reich’ is one that has been contested by historians of Nazi Germany for many years and lies at the centre of the Intentionalist – Structuralist debate. On the one hand, historians such as Bullock, Bracher, Jackel and Hildebrand regard Hitler’s personality, ideology and will as the central locomotive in the Third Reich. Others, such as Broszat, Mason and Mommsen argue that the regime evolved out from pressures and circumstances rather than from Hitler’s intentions. They emphasise the institutional anarchy of the regime as being the result of Hitler’s ‘weak’ leadership. The most convincing standpoint is the synthesis of the two schools, which acknowledges both Hitler’s centrality in explaining the essence of Nazi rule but also external forces that influenced Hitler’s decision making. In this sense, Hitler was not a weak dictator as he possessed supreme authority but as Kershaw maintains, neither was he ‘Master of the Third Reich’ because he did not exercise unrestricted power.
Historians are often divided into categories in regard to dealing with Nazi Germany foreign policy and its relation to Hitler: 'intentionalist', and 'structuralist'. The intentionalist interpretation focuses on Hitler's own steerage of Nazi foreign policy in accordance with a clear, concise 'programme' planned long in advance. The 'structuralist' approach puts forth the idea that Hitler seized opportunities as they came, radicalizing the foreign policies of the Nazi regime in response. Structuralists reject the idea of a specific Hitlerian ideological 'programme', and instead argue for an emphasis on expansion no clear aims or objectives, and radicalized with the dynamism of the Nazi movement. With Nazi ideology and circumstances in Germany after World War I influencing Nazi foreign policy, the general goals this foreign policy prescribed to included revision of Versailles, the attainment of Lebensraum, or 'living space', and German racial domination. These foreign policy goals are seen through an examination of the actions the Nazi government took in response to events as they happened while in power, and also through Hitler's own ideology expressed in his writings such as Mein Kempf. This synthesis of ideology and social structure in Germany as the determinants of foreign policy therefore can be most appropriately approached by attributing Nazi foreign policy to a combination as both 'intentionalist' and 'structuralist' aims. Nazi foreign policy radicalized with their successes and was affected by Hitler pragmatically seizing opportunities to increase Nazi power, but also was based on early a consistent ideological programme espoused by Hitler from early on.
Studying history through his lens of objectivism, Taylor’s theory is that Hitler’s design wasn’t one of world domination; rather his methods, especially his foreign policies, didn’t differ from his predecessors. However, when confronted with a strict policy of appeasement, by both the French and the English, the stage was set for a second World War. Taylor constructs a powerful and effective argument by expelling certain dogmas that painted Hitler as a madman, and by evaluating historical events as a body of actions and reactions, disagreeing with the common idea that the Axis had a specific program from the start.
To this day it remains incomprehensible to justify a sensible account for the uprising of the Nazi Movement. It goes without saying that the unexpectedness of a mass genocide carried out for that long must have advanced through brilliant tactics implemented by a strategic leader, with a promising policy. Adolf Hitler, a soldier in the First World War himself represents the intolerant dictator of the Nazi movement, and gains his triumph by arousing Germany from its devastated state following the negative ramifications of the war. Germany, “foolishly gambled away” by communists and Jews according to Hitler in his chronicle Mein Kampf, praises the Nazi Party due to its pact to provide order, racial purity, education, economic stability, and further benefits for the state (Hitler, 2.6). Albert Speer, who worked closely under Hitler reveals in his memoir Inside the Third Reich that the Führer “was tempestuously hailed by his numerous followers,” highlighting the appreciation from the German population in response to his project of rejuvenating their state (Speer, 15). The effectiveness of Hitler’s propaganda clearly served its purpose in distracting the public from suspecting the genuine intentions behind his plan, supported by Albert Camus’ insight in The Plague that the “townsfolk were like everybody else, wrapped up in themselves; in other words, they were humanists: they disbelieved in pestilences”(Camus, 37). In this sense “humanists” represent those who perceive all people with virtue and pureness, but the anti-humanist expression in the metaphor shows the blind-sidedness of such German citizens in identifying cruel things in the world, or Hitler. When the corruption within Nazism does receive notice, Hitler at that point given h...
Hitler wasn’t always a dictator of Germany, in fact; he never wanted to be in the army in the first place. But in spite of what he wanted he started off as a young soldier, and often rebelled because of the mixed ...
The contrast between Hitler’s savage effectiveness, drive and ambition later in his life and this period of drift and passive homelessness has been difficult, biographically, to assimilate. Langer interprets the distinction as a qualitative difference in personality brought about by the psychiatric illness a biological depression. Thus for three or four months between 1909 and 1910 Hitler became a different man, subjectively depressed and hopeless and biologically with altered brain chemistry that materially altered his personality and characteristic way of reacting to his environment. Within this hypothesis – his depression may have been triggered by the combination of the death of his mother and his twice being rejected by the Viennese Academy of Art combined with the narcissistic wound of being penniless in a city with a prominent and affluent middle class with whom he identified but was excluded from, following the drying up of his allowances.
Centuries later and the name Adolf Hitler still rings volumes till this present day: discussed in history books, talked about amongst intellects and commoners alike, and despised by many for years to come. Upon hearing his name many may think of all the negative things Hitler has done, but few fail to analyze just how one man created such controversy amongst a nation without being stopped. The question then lies how does a man reign over country and devastate it for years to come? Adolf Hitler, a man who excelled in persuasion and charisma was able to reign over Germany for years. Born in Austria April 20th 1889, Hitler grew up with many hardships in his life.
Adolf Hitler’s mind was in many ways “complicated.” He was known to have suffered many illnesses ranging from hypertension, headaches, problems with his vision, to abdominal spasms. All of these sicknesses and disabilities could have caused him to not think “clearly,” but the list of his issues goes on and it is believed by some that they are the root cause for the Holocaust and the inhumane actions of Hitler. Hitler growing up unrecognized and insignificant caused him to create a growing need for attention, recognition, and power and these needs only continued to increase with age, but with age came these physical problems and psychological problems such as sadism, anti-Semitism, and national socialism (Nazism). Hitler developed power, but used it for awful things that cannot be blamed on him hearing noises and other “illnesses” he had.