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Cicero's speech against catiline
Cicero's second speech against Catiline
Cicero's influence
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Recommended: Cicero's speech against catiline
Cicero’s Against Catilina orations tells the reader way more about Cicero himself than what it’s like being a Roman consul during the Roman Republic. That’s not to say that Cicero’s orations don’t tell you anything about what it’s like being a Roman consul, because they do, it’s just that one gets way more insight into Cicero. Written works tell you more about the author than they could ever tell you about the subject. From this speech alone, one now knows about all about Cicero’s morals and values. He values reputation very highly. He also has a certain set of standards/morals that he holds himself and everyone else to. He doesn’t neglect those morals and he doesn’t expect others to either.
First off, the prosecution of Catilina is really
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Based strictly off of these orations, one can tell that consuls held a substantial amount of power. They themselves weren’t at liberty to do much but, they could convince the senate or the assembly to agree with them and then grant them the power to do whatever they wanted. In order to do that, they had to be very persuasive, and often times, they were, at least Cicero was. Cicero frequently uses his persuasive skills within these speeches. He often attacks the ingrained Roman sense of loyalty to their country. EX “ Romans: your country, and the lives of every one of you, your property, your fortunes, your wives and children, this centre of your illustrious government, this most fortunate and beautiful of cities.” (Cicero 110)Cicero states that each of their most valuable things were in danger because of Cataline. Putting Rome, their lives and their money/property and the very top. Then he states that he was the one who “gave them back to you safe and sound.” (Cicero 110). Using this type of persuasive language, it is easy to persuade feeble minded people to do what you want them to do and what you think is
This is not to say that Caesar did not support those of the patrician class, in fact he was more than generous to those of a higher class. He supported Hortalus, grandson of the orator Hortensius, by giving him one million sesterces in order to maintain the family’s position (Tacitus, Annals 2.37, cited by R. Ridley, 2003), and this was not the only example of his giving to patricians. We must then consider why he emphasizes his generosity to the common people, and I think that the key to this is the placement of the source. Res Gestae was inscribed upon pillars in a public area- it was designed to be seen by those of all classes, not just those of a higher class, like many forms of literature were in Augustus’ era. He wants those who will see his work to look upon him in a favourable light, and the best way for Augustus to achieve this was to make himself out to be a friend to the common people.
In William Shakespeare's, Julius Caesar, rhetorical devices are used throughout Decius Brutus’s speech to Caesar to persuade him to attend the senate, and ultimately meet his demise. Decius Brutus uses repetition to directly play into Caesar’s ego and convince him to show at an event he was previously very unsure of. Decius first uses repetition to make Caesar feel as if he were an irreplaceable addition to the senate. He addresses Caesar as, “most mighty Caesar…” (2.2.74) multiple times throughout his oration. The repetition of “mighty” draws Caesar’s attention away from the fact that he really must not go to the senate and instead focuses on why he must. Caesar is known to be easily persuaded by the promise of attention or rewards. Decius
Cicero’s essay, titled On Duties, presents a practical approach concerning the moral obligations of a political man in the form of correspondence with his young son. Essential to the text, the incentive for Cicero to undertake On Duties emerges from his depleted hope to restore the Republic within his lifetime. Cicero therefore places such aspirations in the hands of his posterity. The foremost purpose of On Duties considers three obstacles, divided into separate Books, when deciding a course of action. Book I prefatorily states, “in the first place, men may be uncertain whether the thing that falls under consideration is an honorable or a dishonorable thing to do” (5). Cicero addresses the ambiguities present under this consideration and codifies a means through which one can reach a justifiable decision. Subsequently, he expounds the four essential virtues—wisdom, justice, magnanimity or greatness of spirit, and seemliness—all of which are necessary to conduct oneself honorably. As a result, the virtues intertwine to create an unassailable foundation upon which one can defend their actions. Cicero’s expatiation of the four virtues, though revolving around justice and political in context, illuminates the need for wisdom among the populace in order to discern a leader’s motivations. This subtly becomes apparent as Cicero, advising his son on how to dictate decision-making, issues caveats regarding the deceptions that occur under the guise of virtue.
“Whatever distinction a Roman Equestrian can possess—and it can undoubtedly be very great—has always been judged as belonging to Marcus Caelius in the fullest measure, and is still so judged today” (Pro Caelio 3, pg 130). This quote is taken from the early parts of the defense speech and is used by Cicero to build a foundation surrounding the character of Cicero. Cicero states himself that “he must sway the hearts of the audience” that is exactly what he is doing with this statement about the character of Caelius. He is first refuting the assertion made by the prosecution that Caelius is a vagabond of types who does not obtain the traits of a Proper Roman because of his Equestrian ancestry. Cicero utterly deny’s that and instead demonstrates that Caelius is a man above reproach who comes from an esteemed line of Roman Equestrians and that the Equestrian class is not a class to be looked down on. “Being the son of a Roman Equestrian is something that the prosecution should never have used as a slur before these jurors, or before myself as an advocate.” (Pro Caelio 4, pg 130). There is quite a bit of irony in this statement, Cicero is to an affect reprimanding the prosecution for utilizing slander in order to tear down Caelius. This is something that Cicero himself will do later in his speech when he attacks the
...ee tasks are accomplished can vary to suit the orators purpose or the circumstances surrounding their speech. Cicero does just this and he does it with a purpose. He avoids heavy emotional appeals because they don’t suit the day and go against the relaxed almost careless tone he utilizes throughout the rest of his monologue. He emphasizes the use of persuasive arguments in order to detract from the claims of his opponent in the only way he can (since the case contains no material evidence) and Cicero flatters and entertains the jurors in the hopes that they will view his arguments more favorably. Everything he says and does in this speech of his drive toward his ultimate goal, an acquittal for his client, and from this speech one can see how Cicero not only achieves the three goals he sets forth, but how and why those three goals can and should be adapted at need.
Cicero and Cato the Younger were the premier orators and statesmen that the Roman Republic produced. Both enjoyed political success within Rome during the waning years of the Republic. In addition, both were participants and witnesses of the collapse of the Republic. Before Caesar could gain full control over Rome, Cato committed voluntaria mors, voluntary death or more commonly known, suicide. After Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C.E., Cicero was murdered in 43 B.C.E. as he was placed on the proscription list during the triumvirate of Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus. Cato and Cicero were the defenders of the republic and in their eyes freedom as well. Following their deaths Cato enjoyed fame for his supposed martyrdom, such as Lucan’s Bellum Civile, while Cicero was lauded for his work on ethics, philosophy, and the ideal statesman. However, Cicero, not Cato, should be considered the martyr on behalf of the Republic and freedom due in a part to his insistence on maintaining the republic after the assassination of Caesar. Cato was the supposed martyr that Rome received but Cicero is the martyr Rome deserved and needed. To navigate this proposal a foundation of the concept of martyrdom is required. Secondly, define how the republic equates to freedom. Followed by the exploration how Cato is falsely elaborated upon and remembered as a martyr, and finally the illumination of why Cicero is the martyr the republic deserved.
Rhetorical devices have been around for many centuries, and they are used to convince and persuade people to believe in their cause. These strategies exploit individuals by influencing them to feel sympathy or trust the speaker. In Julius Caesar, a historic tragedy written by the prominent Shakespeare, Antony’s brilliant rhetorical strategies are used to trump Brutus and prompt the Roman people to unite with his rebellion against the unjust butcher of the beloved Julius Caesar.
Originally, it is thought, there was a law that prevented second consulships, and another that prevented holding another consulship until ten years had passed from the end of the prior. Marius bypassed both of these rules, maintaining the title of consul for five terms (104-99BC). Plutarch, the historical biographer, writes that “the people would tolerate no opposition” [to Marius’s second consulship], which shows us that Marius gained his power through support of the masses rather than support of the senate, which is what would be expected. Plutarch gives more evidence that Marius won his power by gaining the affection of the military and the plebeians, rather than the aristocracy whom he offended with his “violent speeches, full of contempt and arrogance” . From this we learn that Marius was not only supported by the people, but he was opposed by the higher class, and more important figures in Roman society.. The picture that Plutarch paints gives the impression that Marius gained his consulship in ways that were unconventional, much like the nature of the consulship itself. Breaking the mold like this paved the way for more fortunate ambitious men, like Sulla and Caesar, as he was showing that great power could be achieved without necessarily adhering to the preference of the
Then she presents the text that when Cicero force Catiline’s companion, a Roman citizen, to split out the conspiracy which becomes evidence for testifying Catiline, which is essentially allowing homeland security to be above civil liberties. She then states that the conflict between homeland security or civil liberties still exists even now descending from the ancient Rome; she also argues that modern politicians should learn from the Roman politicians as to how Catiline uses the strategy of assassination to get rid of his political opponent and how fast reacts and political sensitive Cicero is. In chapter 1, the author wrote: “the clash between Cicero and Catiline has offered a template for political conflict ever since... presumably a lesson was intended for the modern senators. And over the centuries the rights and wrongs of the ‘conspiracy’, the respective faults and virtues of Catiline and Cicero, and the conflicts between homeland security and civil liberties have been fiercely debated, and not only among historians.”(Bread, 31) The conflict between opposite political sides have each politician stands with what they believed and fights
As we regained consciousness one by one, we found ourselves on a deserted island. After gathering all the food and supplies we could find, it was decided that certain rules should be enacted so we may live together civilly. We need to maintain our politeness and courtesy as we do not know how long we may be stranded on the island. To preserve what we have left, the first rule that should be enacted must benefit the group as a whole. The rule to have every able bodied individual work to benefit the group. That means that a person must work at gather food, water, build shelter, and any other tasks that are required. This should be the most important rule as it will maintain order and will provide justice in our group.
...r, despite the ridicule, the plebeians continue to celebrate Caesar, supporting his ultimate rise to power. This suggests that although powerful roman citizens may disagree, the common peoples’ opinion outweighs all. Another instance when power of speech is portrayed is during Brutus and Mark Antony’s speeches after Caesar’s death. After Brutus’ speech, a citizen yells, “Let him be Caesar” (3.2. 20-2), which could of swayed other plebeians to back behind Brutus. The words of one citizen could influence other’s opinions.
Playwright, William Shakespeare, in the play Julius Caesar, utilizes many instances of rhetorical devices through the actions and speech of Caesar's right-hand man, Mark Antony. In the given excerpt, Antony demonstrates several of those rhetorical devices such as verbal irony, sarcasm, logos, ethos, and pathos which allows him to sway the plebeians. The central purpose of Mark Antony’s funeral speech is to persuade his audience into believing that Caesar had no ill intentions while manipulating the plebeians into starting a rebellion against their new enemies, Brutus and the conspirators.
This new Republican government, which was administered by the consuls, was not the easiest to transform. Because of the expansion in Italy, the government began to initiate political institutions. These institutions enforced laws and provided authority which were very similar to imperium. “The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word imperium, or “the right to command” (Spielvogel 117). Since the Romans were very sensible in their actions, they made and implemented them only as needed. The most essential positions held were the few elected magistrates and the two consuls who were “chosen annually, administered the government and led the Roman army into battle” (Spielvogel 117). If the consul was otherwise occupied, either a dictator or praetor would assume responsibility for the time being.
Stoic philosophy in the play Julius Caesar, written by William Shakespeare and edited by William Montgomery, plays a pivotal role in propelling the events in the play. The ideas of stoic philosophy are embodied by the historical figure Marcus Brutus who, through the application of the logical and emotionless aspects of the stoics, comes to the conclusion that Caesar is a threat to Roman society and ultimately pays for his mistakes with his life. The ideas of stoic philosophy so prevalent in the mind and speech of Brutus contrasted with the emotional rhetoric of Mark Antony after Caesar’s death leads to the conclusion that Brutus is not the honorable man Roman society judges him to be. Brutus dismisses his feelings, an action which leads directly to war.
Cicero wrote mostly about Verres’ failings in Sicily while Publius Rupilius and Manius Aquillius attempted to save Sicily from complete destruction. Cicero wrote, “Is not Verres’ entire treatment of Sicily of such a kind that even if Athenion himself, the king of the fugitive slaves, had won the war, he would not have acted this way?”. In another passage, Cicero stated, “And during the war with the fugitive slaves, Manius Aquillius even had to make loans of cereal grain to the cities of Sicily”. Cicero essentially ‘bashed’ Verres and his treatment of Sicily and how much turmoil it had created, having left no one unaffected, including Manius Aquillius who had helped defeat the Second Servile