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Role of environment in human development and behavior
Role of environment in human development and behavior
Impact of media in children
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In Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, performed in the 1960’s by Dr. Albert Bandura, showed the children a video of an adult hitting, punching, kicking and, moreover general aggression towards the doll. While another group of children viewed an adult, being gentle with the Bobo doll and a control group in which there was no influence towards the doll. Because Dr. Bandura used isolated groups and used unique methods with each group, his research, classified as an experiment as he was manipulating a factor, which was the type of attitude shown to the Bobo doll that the children watched (Myers, 2014). In the begging of the study, there were 72 children, 36 boys and 36 girls, observed at the Stanford University and tested for aggressive behavior …show more content…
Nature versus nurture is a long question of whether genetics influence environmental or environmental influences, genetics (Myers, 2014). While we are all born with 20,000 to 25,000 genes there are some that are dormant and some active; believed that environmental influences effect which stay dormant and which become active (Myers, 2014). Throughout Bandura’s experiment, we can see that while some children already seem exposed to elements to awaken the genes for anger and aggression. While others seem to repeat what they saw the adult do, but not with as much force and …show more content…
One of the greatest things to come from his experiment was that we have begun to understand that children of any age are very impressionable to the world around them. They may become violent because of what the watch daily on television. Moreover, children may be influenced in the opposite direction with one act of kindness. Thanks to Bandura’s experiment early childhood educators have begun to learn that child come to school and want a safe and secure environment. If a child is acting out in school the environmental influences could be all that they know. Bandura taught us that violence provokes
Weighing in with a professor from Harvard, a chair of neurobiology from the Open University, and a chair of psychology from Northwestern University, the anti-sociobiologists defend the idea that genes and environment work together, much like a dance, in which the individual is taught social behavior. In an excerpt from their book, Not in Our Genes, theorists Richard Lewontin from Harvard, Steven Rose from the Open University, and Leon Kamin from Northeastern University propose, as the title suggests, that social behavior is not genetic. Rather, it is taught or influenced by an individual’s surrounding environment...
One example of the “Social Learning Theory” is the Bobo doll experiment conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961. In this experiment children were either exposed to an adult exhibiting aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior towards the doll. When it came time for the children to interact with the doll, the children who were exposed to aggressive behavior were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior (Nolen, n.d.).
Have you ever questioned someone’s behavior and wonder what makes them behave the way they do? “Lord of the Flies,” by William Golding introduces a group of boys stranded on an island with no adult supervision which means no rules or authority. The group of boys face many conflicts and complications due to the situation they are in. Their behavior is to blame due to the environment and the situation they are in, however many believe that their behavior comes from internal “genetics” not external the “environment”. A person’s behavior can be influenced by their inner self which comes from our heredity, but in most cases I believe that behavior is influenced by the situation and the environment that is faced.
Basing their study across different sources, one being the influence of a film, a model (male and female). The children that participated in the study were those who attended the university nursery, it is vital to the study that the environment was an everyday place to the children this is what makes it ecologically valid. Continuing the study Bandura separated the children into groups of twenty - four. Making up a total of four groups. Each group observed different interaction group one saw a live model behaving aggressively to a blown up doll named bob, group two observed a film that showed the live model behaving aggressively towards Bobo, group three observed a film of a made up model behaving aggressively towards the doll and finally group four did not observe any aggressive behaviour towards the doll. The results showed the exposure to violent model did increase the amount of aggression shown by the children, however, the children that viewed the model on film, whether it be human or fantasy it made no difference to the levels of aggression showed by the children. Through the results it was also uncovered that the boys had shown more aggression that the girls. (Brace and Byford
This type of experiment often referred to nature vs. nurture. According to Davidson and Begley (2012), “Children, in short, seem to come into the world with preexisting temperaments and Emotional Styles, suggesting that they must be shaped by the genes they inherit from their parents. After all, a newborn has not had any life experience that could influence their Emotional Style, which leaves only genes as presumptive determining factors” (p. 91-92). To test this theory Davidson did a longevity study to determine if child Emotional Style is determined by their DNA or does environmental factors also play a role in determining a child’s Emotional
“The term “nature versus nurture” is used to refer to a long-running scientific debate. The source of debate is the question of which has a greater influence on development: someone's innate characteristics provided by genetics, or someone's environment. In fact, the nature versus nurture debate has been largely termed obsolete by many researchers, because both innate characteristics and environment play a huge role in development, and they often intersect”. (Smith, 2010 p. 1)
Today, realising that genes and environment cooperate and interact synergistically, traditional dichotomy of nature vs. nurture is commonly seen as a false dichotomy. Especially operant conditioning, i.e. the learning of the consequences of one's own behavior can lead to positive feedback loops between genetic predispositions and behavioral consequences that render the question as to cause and effect nonsensical. Positive feedback has the inherent tendency to exponentially amplify any initial small differences. For example, an at birth negligible difference between two brothers in a gene affecting IQ to a small percentage, may lead to one discovering a book the will spark his interest in reading, while the other never gets to see that book. One becomes an avid reader who loves intellectual challenges while the other never finds a real interest in books, but hangs out with his friends more often. Eventually, the reading brother may end up with highly different IQ scores in standardized tests, simply because the book loving brother has had more opportunities to train his brain. Had both brother received identical environmental input, their IQ scores would hardly differ.
Not everything lies in nature; nurture also plays a big role in our behavior. Craig Venter, an American biologist quoted in Ridley’s article, says that “the wonderful diversity of ...
At a young age, children usually follow people around them as a role model like the Albert Bandura experiment, the experiment follows for 36 boys and girls aged between 3 -6 years old with average of 4 years old, and then they got separated into 3 groups, the first group is the bobo doll don't receive any treatment, the second group that there is a role model who do aggressive things to the bobo doll, and the last group is the role model do non-aggressive thing to the bobo doll. Result the children who hsave role model who do aggressive thing to the bobo doll such as kicking, punching, etc the children follows the role model and do aggressive things to the bobo doll, but the children who has non-aggressive role model, they do less aggressive to the bobo doll. That conclude that children will act like people around them, my opinion that it will be effect to the children if the children keep growing that way and keep being role model in the bad community. There is a lot of effects can be occurs for children if children environment is more populated with violence. More worse the children can be one of them or become a victim children at growing into become one.
In the video of Bobo Doll Experiment, we focus on two children around the age of five I would say, the children are average size and are wearing normal everyday clothes. The children in the video are being tested to see which ones follow and display aggression. “In psychology, the term aggression refers to a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to oneself, others, or objects in the environment. This type of social interaction centers on harming another person either physically or mentally.” (verywell.com) In the video, we see the children harming the doll physically in many different ways.
Human behavior is a loosely defined foundation for individuality, generally considered to be influenced and developed by the environment. However, recent molecular studies have exposed genetic factors that suggest a more biological origin for behavior. Gene segments in the genome of humans and other animals have been identified and associated with particular behavioral traits. Is it possible that the presence or absence of even a single gene may predispose one to alcoholism, increased irritability, or enhanced intelligence? Clearly exploration of the nature versus nurture argument with regard to genetic predisposition has social, political, and legal significance.
Based on the information Bandura and Walters gathered, the two decided to conduct an experiment to gather how one acts based on observation. They conducted the experiment using a bobo doll. The researchers brought a child into a playroom where there were several likeable toys for the child to play with. Along with the child in the room, an adult was also in the room. The adult quietly played with the bobo doll using aggression (kicking, punching, throwing it down, etc.) while the child observed the adults actions. The child was then left to play with any toy in the room. After observing the adult play with the bobo doll, the child mimicked the...
Child growth and development is a process that consists of some building blocks, which are components that combine in an infinite number of ways (Cherry, n.d.). As a result of the variations of building blocks in a child’s development, educators, psychologists, and philosophers have been constantly engaged in the debate of nature versus nurture debate. Many researchers agree that child development is a complex interaction between his/her genetic background (nature) and his/her environment (nurture). In essence, some developmental aspects are strongly affected by biology whereas other aspects are influenced by environmental factors. From the onset of an individu...
Bandura discusses the importance of observational learning. Bandura focuses mostly on how kids develop their habits based of their role models. Bandura shows this in the Bobo Doll Experiment. The Bobo Doll experiment consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls. They were then separated again into watching a video of a plastic doll called Bobo. Some children were separated by some adults aggressively beating up Bobo and the other half were calm adults. After they were showed the video, the kids were then shown to Bobo and the results matched the Social Learning Theory to the max. The kids that were show the aggressive videos were aggressive towards Bobo. Another Social Learning Theory can be told in my shoes because I have done something similar. I remember in fifth grade my older cousin would always ride his bike down the biggest hill without a helmet. I figured if he did and was okay, why can’t I? I learned the hard way and sliced my arm on a rock. Luckily I did not need stitches however, I did go to the doctors and got ointment for it. I still have the scar today. I feel like the Social Learning Theory has made an impact on my life because I have had the opportunity of having a role model. This role model has made a positive change to my life. Similar to Bobo, I have seen what negative role models have done for a person and how much it affects
Heredity Versus Environment - The Nature-nurture Controversy, Exploring Heredity And Environment: Research Methods, Beyond Heritability