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What is inborn and what is learned?
The discussion as to whether nature or nurture were the driving force shaping our cognitive abilities, was for a long time considered interminable. In the 18th century, Locke and the English empiricists claimed that individuals were born with a tabula rasa and only experience could establish mind, consciousness and the self. On the continent, Leibniz envisaged the self as a monad carrying with it some knowledge of a basic understanding of the world. Until the 1960s, this dispute was still very vivid in the behavioral sciences: B. F. Skinner's school of behaviorism in the USA postulated (as reflexology did earlier) general rules for all types of learning, neglecting innate differences or predispositions. K. Lorenz was one of the protagonists of ethology in Europe, focusing on the inherited aspects of behavior. It was Lorenz who ended the antagonistic view of behavior in showing that there indeed are innate differences and predispositions in behavior where only little learning occurs. Today, it is largely agreed upon that nature and nurture are intimately cooperating to bring about adaptive behaviors. Probably only in very few cases ontogenetic programs are not subjected to behavioral plasticity at all. Conversely, the possibility to acquire behavioral traits has to be genetically coded for.
Today, realising that genes and environment cooperate and interact synergistically, traditional dichotomy of nature vs. nurture is commonly seen as a false dichotomy. Especially operant conditioning, i.e. the learning of the consequences of one's own behavior can lead to positive feedback loops between genetic predispositions and behavioral consequences that render the question as to cause and effect nonsensical. Positive feedback has the inherent tendency to exponentially amplify any initial small differences. For example, an at birth negligible difference between two brothers in a gene affecting IQ to a small percentage, may lead to one discovering a book the will spark his interest in reading, while the other never gets to see that book. One becomes an avid reader who loves intellectual challenges while the other never finds a real interest in books, but hangs out with his friends more often. Eventually, the reading brother may end up with highly different IQ scores in standardized tests, simply because the book loving brother has had more opportunities to train his brain. Had both brother received identical environmental input, their IQ scores would hardly differ.
As Bailey, the grandmother’s only son was escorting his family on this trip through the South en route to Florida, Flannery O’ Connor vividly described the scenery along the road such as the makeup of Stone Mountain and its different shades, the assorted rows of crops which was best described as “rows of green lacework on the ground”, and the way the sunlight cascaded along the trees. Among all this beauty, John Wesley fixed himself to say, “Let’s go through Georgia fast so we won’t have to look at it much”. The grandmother was taken aback by this comment. She explained to him that if she were him, she wouldn’t talk so negatively about the state that is his own home state. She continued to reflect about the past, referring to the children about how the kids in her days were not only respectful to
Apathetically, he decides to not tell his men about all the blood-curdling terrors that lie ahead, thus revealing deception. He warns his men that the future adventure is none like the ones they have had; however, he fails to inform his men the full truth, “‘Surely what lies ahead of us now is worse than what we lived through’ …their arms and legs were waving high above me and my bronze spears were useless” (Rosenberg 95/96). Odysseus comes off as a loyal, relentless authority to those unaware of him not telling the full truth to his men. He could be describe as trustworthy; nevertheless, his decision to keep the menacing path ahead confidential is unjustifiable. Although Odysseus has made unreliable decisions, his good-will and desire to see his loved ones again overpowers them. He illustrates how he is devoted to returning home when he denies the gift of eternal life, “‘she would have made me immortal if I had chosen to remain with her. But my heart constantly longed for my homeland and Penelope’” (Rosenberg 97). He explains how much he yearns for his wife and homeland through the action of Choosing to go back to his homeland over becoming immortal and remaining with Calypso. Odysseus is noble and ingenious although he also tends to act before he thinks, consequently making him knowledgeable yet
Athena is the goddess everyone wants to have as guardian for his life. She went against her uncle Poseidon to fight for her Odysseus. At one point, we can even think that Athena is also in love to Odysseus because she has never him down. But the real truth is Athena is an amazing goddess who protect Odysseus no matter what because this is the Love she has for him
Athena plays a very meaningful role in The Odyssey. While she may be short tempered and controlling, she helps Odysseus on his journey -- the one she sent him on. Through Odysseus’ journeys, Athena took a particular liking to him and went so far as to give him help and guidance in times of need. An example would be
The years prior to when an individual reaches the opportunity to attend college, is one of much importance. Especially when it comes to Literacy, this alone spreads into all subject areas. Literacy should be considered one of the most important aspects of a student’s career, if not the most important. Research by Bob Wise (2009) suggests that the main problem in today’s districts is that a good amount of administrations believe that literacy comes after school reform on the list of important topics. The belief is that the problem is not associated to all adolescents; therefore it should be the responsibility of the English teachers. The problem there is that students start to fall behind in all subjects and many end up having to repeat grade levels. Teachers in all subject areas should put a strong emphasis on literacy, and when the student starts to struggle, there responsibility should be to refer them to extra help or provide assistance themselves, its never beneficial for the student if the educators belie...
One of the hottest debates is and has been nature vs nurture for years, but what is the difference between the two? Nature is what people think of as already having and not being able to change it, in other words, pre-wiring (Sincero). Nurture is the influence of experiences and its environment of external factors (Sincero). Both nature and nurture play important roles in human development. Scientists and researchers are both trying to figure out which is the main cause in development because it is still unknown on which it is. The best position to side with is nature. Nature is also defined as genetic or hormone based behaviors (Agin). Regardless of the involvement in everyday life, or nurture, this argumentation centers around the effect genes have on human personalities. Although it is understandable on reasons to side with nurture, nature is the better stand in this controversy. Reasons to side with nature is because of genes and what genes hold. Genes is what
Being yourself, being who you are. When you hear those two lines you may think they mean the same thing but do they? Think about it, you were born into this world a tiny little baby with no ideas, or preferences, but as you grew you developed a personal identity, but did it really develop or was it in you to begin with. Such questions are what leads to the great debate of nature vs nurture. If you believe you were born already with a personality, then you take the side of nature. on the other hand if you believe that your personality developed based on influences in your life beginning when you were a child then you believe in nurture. Two totally different theories, both which are believed to make us who we are.
The ‘Nature versus Nurture’ argument can be traced back several millenniums ago. In 350 B.C., philosophers were asking the same question on human behaviour. Plato and Aristotle were two philosophers who each had diverse views on the matter. On the one hand, Plato believed that knowledge and behaviour were due to inherent factors, but environmental factors still played a role in the equation. Conversely, Aristotle had different views. He believed in the idea of “Tabula Rasa”- the Blank Slate theory supported the nurture side of the argument and put forward the view that everyone was born with a ‘Tabula Rasa’, Latin for ‘Blank Slate’. He proposed that “people learn and acquire ideas from external forces or the environment”. Was he right when he proposed that the mind is a blank slate and it is our experiences that write on these slates? This theory concluded that as humans, we are born with minds empty of ideas and at birth we have no knowledge or awareness of how we should behav...
One of the longest debated issues in Psychological development is the Nature verses Nurture issue. The argument of whether cognitive development is based primarily on genetic makeup otherwise known as Nature, or the Nature argument; or whether development is based primarily on influenced learning from the environment, otherwise known as nurture, or the nurture argument. The definition of Cognitive Development is: “The process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adulthood.” (Dictionary) There is a third theory of cognitive development derived from Nature theory and Nurture theory combined, known as the Nature plus Nurture theory.
Nature and nurture works together in some aspects. For example, a child who is born with type one diabetes. Type one diabetes is genetic. It can be inherited from a predisposition of the gene. Type one diabetes is when the pancreas doesn 't produce
You show that you care about who they are as individuals, and you want them to flourish in your classroom. I can apply both articles to my education class because they show me how to run my own classroom. Concordia College is preparing me to be able to teach a classroom of young students on my own. Articles one and two have taught me that when planning my way of teaching I must be aware of how important social-emotional development can be. Brock L. Eide and Fernette F. Eide (2006) support my belief in saying, “It requires completely assessing the physical, medical, neurological, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, educational, and psychological aspects of the child’s development, to see where breakdowns in the child’s attentional or behavioral control mechanisms are occurring.”(pg.46-59) While there are many activities a consultant can show a teacher to use to help promote awareness of emotions, there are many simple ways to do it on your own, such as having the children work in groups. By having the children work in groups or simply with a partner, they are improving social skills and learning how to control their emotions around others. Although no one can avoid having students who will struggle greatly with social-emotional development, it is our responsibility to know how to handle these students. The success
Nature is described as our physical attributes and genes from when we are born. Our genetics that make us who we are include our eye colour, height and hair colour, as well as our natural talents, abilities and our intelligence level.
Throughout the history of human existence, there have always been questions that have plagued man for centuries. Some of these questions are “what is the meaning of life” and “which came first, the chicken or the egg”. Within the past 400 years a new question has surfaced which takes our minds to much further levels. The question asked is whether nature or nurture has more of an impact on the growing development of people. It is a fact that a combination of nature and nurture play important roles in how humans behave socially. However, I believe that nature has a more domineering role in the development of how people behave in society with regards to sexual orientation, crimes and violence and mental disorders.
Nature vs nurture debate is one of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology. It is the scientific cultural, and philosophical debate about whether human culture, behavior, and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Nature and nurture are both equally important. They are the two are major influences that affect the person you grow to be and will determine what your children will be tomorrow. Nature refers to heredity, which are traits and features that are inherited from your parents and ancestors. At birth you, as a person, inherits 50% of each parent 's genetic material that are passed along through the chromosomes found in the DNA. Hair color, height, body type, and eye color are some examples of characteristics
For a very long time sociologists have debated which is more important; nature, or nurture. Nature is how you are born and nurture is how you’re brought up. Some biologists believe that humans both inherit and grow to their so called ‘biological programing’. It has been proven that intelligence can be grown and pushed to higher levels, meaning that it doesn’t matter if you were born into a family with dumb parents, you can still push yourself and become more intelligent with enough work. This shows that nature isn’t really that important, and that nurture is more important when it comes to a child’s development however, is this actually the case.