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Reflection on indian literature
Reflection on indian literature
Nature symbolism in literature
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The study of ecology has gained immense popularity in the recent years as people have become more concerned about the deteriorating environment and eco-system. Thus, in the field of literature, a new approach, Ecocriticism which mainly deals with a critical reading of literary texts in relation to environment, nature and literature, has come forward. As the basic definition suggests that ecocriticism studies the 'relationship between literature and environment'. The paper tries to delve into this issue with specific references to the poetry of the Northeast India. Poetry of the North East India is always marked by a unique presence of nature whether in the form of a simple backdrop scenery but more often as spirits and souls, playing an active role in the artistic creation. One of the reasons for this indulgence could be perhaps the close proximity that the people share with nature. Before the advent of Christianity, Hinduism and other religions, animism and nature worship formed an integral part of the lives of NE people which led to the poets of the region becoming more aware of the immediate ecological surrounding.
Poetry of the North East India is always marked by a unique presence of nature whether in the form of a simple backdrop scenery but more often as spirits and souls, playing an active role in the artistic creation. One of the reasons for this indulgence could be perhaps the close proximity that the people share with nature. Before the advent of Christianity, Hinduism and other religions, animism and nature worship formed an integral part of the lives of NE people which led to the poets of the region becoming more aware of the immediate ecological surrounding.
Indian English poetry from Northeastern part of India ...
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...he Waves,Poknapham Publication, 1995, Imphal
Chandra, N.D.R. Das Nigamananda, Ecology, Myth and Mystery – Contemporary Poetry in English from Northeast India, Sarup & Sons, 2007, New Delhi
Singh, L Damodar, Aspects of Manipuri Literature, Writers' Forum, 2008, Imphal
Barry, Peter, Beginning Theory – An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Viva Books, 2008,reprint 2010, New Delhi
Ed Misra, Tilottoma, The Oxford Anthology of Writings from North-East India-Poetry and Essays,Oxford University Press, 2011, New Delhi
Garrard, Greg, Ecocriticism-The Critical Idiom, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group,2013
Nayar, Pramod,K, Contemporary Literary and Cultural Theory- From Structuralism to Ecocriticism, Pearson,2010,fifth edition 2013, New Delhi
Websites;
www.asle.org
http://womenjusticeecology.wordpress.com/2009/07/04/dr-vandana-shiva-and-feminist-theory/
“Ode to Enchanted Light” by Pablo Neruda expresses and “Sleeping in the Forest” by Mary Oliver show deep appreciation of nature using a free form and narrative style formats. Pablo has a positive message about the lights under the trees, and has
Throughout the Romanticism period, human’s connection with nature was explored as writers strove to find the benefits that humans receive through such interactions. Without such relationships, these authors found that certain aspects of life were missing or completely different. For example, certain authors found death a very frightening idea, but through the incorporation of man’s relationship with the natural world, readers find the immense utility that nature can potentially provide. Whether it’d be as solace, in the case of death, or as a place where one can find oneself in their own truest form, nature will nevertheless be a place where they themselves were derived from. Nature is where all humans originated,
Staton, Shirley F. Literary Theories In Praxis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 10 Feb. 2014.
Parker, Robert Dale. How to Interpret Literature: Critical Theory for Literary and Cultural Studies. New York: Oxford, 2011. Print.
Ramazani, Jahan. Richard Ellmann, Robert O’Clair, ed. The Norton Anthology Of Modern And Contemporary Poetry. Vol 1 Modern Poetry. Third Edition. Norton. 2003.
Within “twenty love poems and a song of despair” written by poet Pablo Neruda, nature seems to be used as a device to put across the meaning of the poems to the audience through conventions such as metaphors, personification, pathetic fallacy and man y others that will be discussed below. The use of nature as a big theme throughout the poems can be linked back to Neruda’s life. It is widely known that Neruda travelled to many countries for various reasons and whilst there, he enjoyed visiting many of the locations that were nature based including the sea, the mountains and the fields. References to these as devices can be seen throughout the poems.
Nature is often a focal point for many author’s works, whether it is expressed through lyrics, short stories, or poetry. Authors are given a cornucopia of pictures and descriptions of nature’s splendor that they can reproduce through words. It is because of this that more often than not a reader is faced with multiple approaches and descriptions to the way nature is portrayed. Some authors tend to look at nature from a deeper and personal observation as in William Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, while other authors tend to focus on a more religious beauty within nature as show in Gerard Manley Hopkins “Pied Beauty”, suggesting to the reader that while to each their own there is always a beauty to be found in nature and nature’s beauty can be uplifting for the human spirit both on a visual and spiritual level.
In “Kubla Khan,” Coleridge expresses his desire to use the inspirations from nature to create his own “Paradise” of poetry (54, p.1634). In the first stanza, Coleridge creates an exotic oriental garden, where the trees, gardens, hills, and the “Alph” river, together present the beauty of Mother Nature (3, p.1633). Here, the poet carefully observes his surroundings, as the nature will serve as the source of inspiration for his poetry. The “pleasure dome” (2, p.1633) in line two has two functions, one representing the creation of human beings on earth, and the other being the foundation of Coleridge’s poetic paradise. As the clash between nature and humans takes place in the second stanza with a “woman wailing for her demon-lover” (16, p.1633) the poet calls upon nature for his inspiration, represented by the powerful activity of nature. The energy of nature is released in forms of “a might fountain” (19, p.1633), “rebounding hail” (21, p.1633), or “dancing rocks” (23, p.1633) and eventually the natural disasters will accompanied by man-made destruction as “Kubla heard from far Ancestral voices prophesying war” (29-30, p.1634)! Coleridge on one hand reinforces that man and nature are inseparable and one the other uses the energy of nature to represent the spontaneous spurring of emotions in the poet’s mind.
Robert Frost’s nature poetry occupies a significant place in the poetic arts; however, it is likely Frost’s use of nature is the most misunderstood aspect of his poetry. While nature is always present in Frost’s writing, it is primarily used in a “pastoral sense” (Lynen 1). This makes sense as Frost did consider himself to be a shepherd.
Through the ingenious works of poetry the role of nature has imprinted the 18th and 19th century with a mark of significance. The common terminology ‘nature’ has been reflected by our greatest poets in different meanings and understanding; Alexander Pope believed in reason and moderation, whereas Blake and Wordsworth embraced passion and imagination.
Nayar, Pramod K. Contemporary Literary and Cultural Theory: From Structuralism to Eco Criticism. New Delhi: Pearson, 2010. Print.
We human beings can not separate from nature. No nature, no human beings. As far as poetry is concerned, nature plays a great important role on it, for uncountable poets have been writing lots and lots of great poems on it along the history of human beings. America is not an exceptional. My paper is right to deal with nature in American poetry.
Barry, P. (2009) Beginning theory: An introduction to literary and cultural theory. 3rd edn. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 216.
Many poets are inspired by the impressive persona that exists in nature to influence their style of poetry. The awesome power of nature can bring about thought and provoke certain feelings the poet has towards the natural surroundings.
In William Wordsworth’s poems, the role of nature plays a more reassuring and pivotal r ole within them. To Wordsworth’s poetry, interacting with nature represents the forces of the natural world. Throughout the three poems, Resolution and Independence, Tintern Abbey, and Michael, which will be discussed in this essay, nature is seen prominently as an everlasting- individual figure, which gives his audience as well as Wordsworth, himself, a sense of console. In all three poems, Wordsworth views nature and human beings as complementary elements of a sum of a whole, recognizing that humans are a sum of nature. Therefore, looking at the world as a soothing being of which he is a part of, Wordsworth looks at nature and sees the benevolence of the divinity aspects behind them. For Wordsworth, the world itself, in all its glory, can be a place of suffering, which surely occurs within the world; Wordsworth is still comforted with the belief that all things happen by the hands of the divinity and the just and divine order of nature, itself.