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Cinema in our society
Cinema and its impact on society
Films and the moral standards of society
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American Film and Movies from the 1950’s to Present
Today, American film is among the most internationally supported commodities. Financially, its contributions are enormous: the industry is responsible for the circulation of billions of dollars each year. Since its explosion into the new media markets during the mid-twentieth century, film has produced consistently growing numbers of viewers and critics alike. Sparking debate over the nature of its viewing, film is now being questioned in social, political, and moral arenas for its potential impact on an audience. Critics claim that watching films is a passive activity in which the viewer becomes subconsciously absorbed, and creates a reliance or "addiction" to the medium, and thus can be influenced by any perpetual concepts or images. Advocates, however, argue that viewing such programs is an active process in which audience members are able to choose to what they are exposed, and interpret messages based on their individual needs and background. Perhaps both views are too extreme. Film from the 1950s to present, as will be explored in this essay, is an extremely useful medium, often underestimated within the label of "entertainment"; unfortunately, it may be partially responsible for current socio-cultural problems, too. The critical question, then, is whether film has fostered the progress of a more open-minded America, or rather hindered its development through the perpetuation of antiquated concepts of stereotypes, densensitized violence and breeding of normalcy.
Whether or not a naïve approach to film as an inclusive medium holds true to fact, however, is questionable. Since its popular arrival in American culture during the 1930s, film has sparked controversy over ...
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...es, Francis, ed. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.
Jowett, Garth. "A Significant Medium", in Movie Censorship and American Culture. Couvares, Francis, ed. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.
Lyons, Charles, "The Paradox of Protest", in Movie Censorship and American Culture. Couvares, Francis, ed. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.
Ross, Steven T., ed. Movies and American Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
Wasser, Frederick. "Is Hollywood America?", in Movies and American Society. Ross, Steven T., ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
Slocum, J. David, ed. Violence and American Cinema. New York: Routledge, 2001.
Rotham, William. "Violence and Film", in Violence and American Cinema. Slocum, J. David, ed. Routledge, 2001.
Turner, Graeme. Film As Social Practice. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Maasik, Sonia, and J. Fisher Solomon. "The Offensive Movie Cliche That Won't die." Signs of life in the U.S.A.: readings on popular culture for writers. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1994. 407-411. Print.
Houchin, John H. Censorship of the American Theatre in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2003.
"Children of the Forest" is a narrative written by Kevin Duffy. This book is a written testament of an anthropologist's everyday dealings with an African tribe by the name of the Mbuti Pygmies. My purpose in this paper is to inform the reader of Kevin Duffy's findings while in the Ituri rainforest. Kevin Duffy is one of the first and only scientists to have ever been in close contact with the Mbuti. If an Mbuti tribesman does not want to be found, they simply won't be. The forest in which the Mbuti reside in are simply too dense and dangerous for humans not familiar with the area to enter.
Nichols, John. ""Counbtering Censorship: Edgar Dale and the Film appreciation movement (critical essay)."." Cinema Jouranl. Fall 2006.
One could easily dismiss movies as superficial, unnecessarily violent spectacles, although such a viewpoint is distressingly pessimistic and myopic. In a given year, several films are released which have long-lasting effects on large numbers of individuals. These pictures speak
Have you ever had one of those days that were so bad that you desperately needed a night at the ice cream or candy store? The 1970’s was that really bad day, while the night of self- indulgence was the 1980’s. Americans love to escape from our daily stress, and of all the products that allow us to do so, none is more popular than the movies. Movies are key cultural artifacts that offer a view of American culture and social history. They not only offer a snapshot of hair styles and fashions of the times but they also provide a host of insights into Americans’ ever-changing ideals. Like any cultural artifact, the movies can be approached in a number of ways. Cultural historians have treated movies as a document that records the look and mood of the time that promotes a particular political or moral value or highlights individual or social anxieties and tensions. These cultural documents present a particular image of gender, ethnicity, romance, and violence. Out of the political and economic unrest of the 1970’s that saw the mood and esteem of the country, as reflected in the artistry and messages in the movies, sink to a new low, came a new sense of pride in who we are, not seen since the post-World War II economic boom of the 1950’s. Of this need to change, Oscar Award winner Paul Newman stated,
Stanley, Robert H. The Movie Idiom: Film as a Popular Art Form. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. 2011. Print
Roscoe, P. (1993, March). The net and the bow in the ituri. American Anthropologist, 95(1), 153-154. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/681184
“of exhibitionist confrontation rather than absorption,” (Gunning, Tom 2000 p 232) as Gunning suggests the spectator is asking for an escape that is censored and delivered with a controlled element of movement and audiovisual. Gunning believes that the audience had a different relationship with film before 1906. (Gunning, Tom 2000 p 229)
...Dr. Sara. "How the Mind of a Censor Works: the Psychology of Censorship." School Library Journal, January 1996, p. 23-27.
While Horkheimer and Adorno view film as solely manipulative, Benjamin believes we can use film to accustom ourselves to the oppressive "prison-world" that is modernity. In contrast to Horkheimer and Adorno's perspective, Benjamin's vision of film is empowering because it allows us to tap the liberatory potential of film in the oft-overwhelming modern era. As consumers, we have the power to stimulate our intellects and expand our imaginations with film. Given Horkheimer, Adorno, and Benjamin's arguments, we can either idly accept that film is oppressive or actively seek out the liberating qualities of film. Following Benjamin argumentation, I hope that we, the masses, will choose the
The Congo or the Democratic Republic of Congo is a country in Western Africa. This country acts as habitat for a range of animals and wildlife, such as indigenous plants. While rural, the Congo holds a great beauty in its simplicity and natural features. The Congo also is a home for a diverse population of people leading towards a open and enticing culture. The most interesting and important aspects of the Congo country is the languages, location/geography and economy, government, society, and overall the unique culture in Congo.
Congo’s population is estimated at 4.04 million, over half of which live in the two major cities of Brazzaville and Pointe- Noire. In this area since the 20th century three fourth of the population lives in urban areas, making the Congo one of Africa’s most urbanized countries. Almost all Congolese are Bantu, a name that refers to the people living in Central, Eastern and Southern Africa. The Bantu originated from Nigeria and Cameroon and migrated to Southern Africa 2,000 years ago. In present day Congo, non-Bantu tribes account for only 3% of the population. The Bantu include 74 peoples belonging to different ethnic groups such as the Kongo, the Teke, the Mbochi and the Sangha.
The Batwa traditionally lived by hunting and gathering but due to processes of globalisation, colonisation, and economical integration into a capitalistic world system, most of the Batwa couldn’t maintain their traditional lifestyle and became more and more marginalized and oppressed. Traditionally, Batwa were ‘forest’ people. They provided themselves with victuals by dwelling throughout the forest. They had an outstanding knowledge about traditional medicine, survival skills, and hunting techniques. Their low impact on the environment made their lifestyle sustainable over more than a thousand years. Agriculturist Bahutu and pastoralist Batutsi that started to occupy the region caused severe deforestation what harmed the homes of thousands of Batwa. The latter were than integrated at the lowest level in society what mark...
American cinema can connect us to our American experience through the portrayal of ideal lifestyles. However the American experience shown in films is generally flawed particularly in its portrayal of the American dream, disparagement of women and minorities and demonizing of other cultures. One might think as time passed and hollywood became more progressive these practices would grow out of favor however these trends are all too present in modern hollywood blockbusters. That being said American cinema is not limited to hollywood and boasts a healthy independent community that is making massive strides in progressive filmmaking.