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1. Introduction The following case study is presented from the person-centred approach. As Corey, 2005 explains, person-centred therapy views assessment and diagnosis as an on-going evolution and not a formal process. This process involves interpersonal and intrapersonal learning that is designed to be a self-discovery. As each person is unique it is important to maintain that quality and not simply reduce it to a limited formal diagnosis. Here I a present the case study based on the life of Lester Burnham, a prominent character in the movie American Beauty (Cohen, Jinks and Mendes, 2006). This case study showcases person-centred therapy in practice, highlighting the core values and basic assumptions intrinsic to the approach. 2. Case study …show more content…
Empathy and acceptance are partners in valuing the client, enabling the promotion of essential worth (Mearns and Thorne, 1999). Egan (2007) explains having an empathic presence is possible by being noticeably attuned to the client. This requires behaviours that are not always verbal in nature. The face and body can communicate even when there is silence. Body position, facial expressions and voice inflections all contribute to the mood of the communication and are important in increasing the empathetic environment (Egan, 2007). It is essential that all of these processes be presented authentically. Self-regard is a major constituent in the discovery of the client’s self-concept. Research shows that successful therapy is the product of a client obtaining an attitude toward the self that is significantly positive (Rogers and Witty, 2008; Seeman and Raskin, …show more content…
In assessing Lester I am interested in how he views himself. He is experiencing difficulty with his self-concept. He is not sure who he is or what he should be (Moon, 2007; Rogers, 1990). He used to think life was simple. Going to work to earn money to support his family. As he experiences eminent demise of his settled world he becomes confused as to who he needs to be. His old concept of himself as a family man is not working for him anymore. He no longer loves and admires his wife as he used to. He has trouble relating to his daughter who he feels rejects
... The most appropriate form of therapy is person-centered therapy (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Dr. Davenport would also make sure that Antwone accepts himself as he is.
The counselor, Sue Johnson, alerted the clients to her engagement in the therapy session by her verbal and nonverbal cues. She held eye contact with both clients, depending on who she was speaking to. They eye contact demonstrated to the clients that she respected and was sincere about the process they were involved in. It also showed the clients that she was interested in the conversation. If Sue had looked down or away while the clients were speaking or she was speaking to them, it could have been misinterpreted negatively by the clients. Sue also demonstrated engagement by passively leaning towards the clients. She nodded her head at appropriate moments and engaged in reflexive facial expressions. Mirroring a client’s facial expressions outwardly shows them that the counselor is closely paying attention and hearing what they are saying. These expressions could exhibit a wide array of emotions such as sadness, anger, happiness, contempt, or fear. Sue kept the tone of her voice even and soothing in nature, allowing the clients to feel relaxed and comfortabl...
“American Beauty” through images and character depiction attempts to portray and question the triteness of middle class sexual mores. One of the main ways director Sam Mendes portrays this is through symbols, especially in the seductive color red, used to represent both sexuality and youth. The characters of the film, through their dialogue and various deceptions to the outside world also pose questions about society’s expectations for sex. Mendes’ also utilizes lighting, props, sets and music as commentary on the sexuality of all of his characters, both sexual reawakening and oppression. The visual style of the film coupled with the character’s unique struggles and views make “American Beauty” a haunting look at the way our culture views gender and sex.
Carl R. Rogers theorized that through providing a certain kind of relationship with the client, one in which empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence were present, the client would “discover within himself the capacity to the relationship for growth, and change and personal development” . As a counselor empathy is essential as it allows me to enter my clients internal frame of reference, while still retaining a problem-solving stance. Entering the client’s internal frame of reference means I must consider the emotions and thoughts of the client, it is similarly vital not to get lost in the internal frame of reference as this creates the distinction between sympathy and empathy. Unconditional positive regard, also called acceptance is essential as it plays a role in creating a helping relationship in which the client feels safe to express any negative emotions or thoughts, while being...
Person-Centred Counselling established its origins in the late 1940 during a conference when Carl Rogers gave a talk entitled ‘New Concepts in Psychotherapy’. The summarisation of the talk resulted in the theory that the client in a counselling relationship should be at the center of the relationship and lead the counselling process. The Client, in effect became the expert on their life and/or problems. The fundamental belief is that an individual is capable of change, growth and fulfillment (self-concept). Person-Centred counselling looks at ‘the here and now’ and how to make changes that affect the future. Person-Centred Counselling generated a system known as the ‘Core Conditions Model’ which emphasized three key components: Empathy, Congruence and Acceptance.
Understanding the counseling session from the client’s perspective is a very important aspect in the development of a therapeutic relationship. A clinician must be an excellent listener, while being to pay attention to the client’s body language, affect and tone. The dynamics in the counseling session that is beneficial to the client include the recognition of the pain that the client is feeling. The detrimental part of this includes a misunderstanding of the real issues, a lack of consideration of the cultural aspects of the client, and a lack of clinical experience or listening skills. In this presentation, we will discuss the positive and negative aspects of the counseling session from the client’s perspective which includes the client’s attitudes, feelings, and emotions of the counseling session. We will next examine the propensity of the client to reveal or not reveal information to the counselor, and how transference, and counter-transference can have an effect on the counselor-client relationship.
To explain, the client should not be inferior to the counselor; the environment should be two people discussing an issue and ways to make a difference. A therapist should occasionally share similar experiences; therefore, sessions should make clients feel comfortable. To add, the client should feel safe due to the positive atmosphere the therapist brings to the session. The goal is to finally give the client a chance to be heard, regularly people are muted and feel like they are insignificant to society. Similarly, to Person-centered therapy where communication with the client is unconditionally positive. The therapist needs to genuinely care about the client needs for them to fully express themselves successfully. Furthermore, clients should be encouraging to make their own choices which model how to identify and use power responsibly. Hence, this will help the client feel more confident in everyday life when making a meaningful
Mearns (2002), acknowledges that to develop congruency and acceptance in the counselling relationship can be extremely difficult and challenging. Both the quality and quantity of empathy and unconditional positive regard can be strengthened by the counsellor being congruent, and can also help in making these two micro-skills flow more naturally, rather then being forced (Mearns, 2002). From this we can clearly see that empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence, work together in establishing good rapport, a trusting environment and building a strong counselling
t's problems. Instead, it should permit the client to feel that she has support to dive into emotions she might have been afraid to do so before entering client centered therapy. It is interesting to note according to Raskin et al. ( 2011), “Our basic practice [client centered therapy] remains true to the core conditions no matter who our client may be. We also assert that our ability to form an initial therapeutic relationship depends on our own openness to and appreciation of respect for all kinds of difference” (p. 183).
Current research implies that an empathetic clinician-client relationship and interrelated ecosystems play the majority role in the success of therapy (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). The clinician’s ability to be present and actively perceive what the client is experiencing is of utmost importance in creating a therapeutic alliance. It is imperative that the clinician gains positive regard towards the client and their environment displaying honest acceptance towards the client no matter what issues are presented in session. This closely relates to a sincere presentation of genuineness that instills a feeling of honesty within the client and clinician (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). An experienced clinician builds upon the therapeutic
Person-Centered Therapy is an optimistic theory that is categorized in the humanistic approaches to therapy. PC therapy believes that human beings are intrinsically good, and are motivated to be the best that they can be (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 346). The theory embodies respect for individuals and values of tolerance and understanding (Brodley, 2007, p. 140). As the name implies the client is responsible for his or her own growth and improvement (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.344). Rogers' stated that the main assumption of his approach is that “individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self- directed behavior” (Rogers, 1980, p.115). One of the underlying assumptions, and main motivation, of Person-Centered Therapy is that human beings possess an innate tendency to grow and meet their full potential, or to self-actualize. Self-actualization is the inherent motivation to reach our highest potential, both emotionally and intellectually (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2004, p. 464). Self-actualization moves one towards autonomous behavior and self-sufficiency, it enriches one’s life and enhances their creativity. It also promotes congruence, wholeness, and integration of the person. Rogers describes self-actualizing people as the fully functioning person (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.322).
In the second part of the book Rogers speaks of his ideas of his theory of the person-centered approach to therapy. This is the part of the book that I felt really spoke to me. Person-centered theory is a lot of what I would like to do. I enjoy the ideas and concepts that Rogers presents in his theory. I think that it is extremely important to be able to take into consideration not only the diagnosis of the patient/client with whom you are working, but that it is more important to be able to take the time to sit back and to listen to them. I have realized in the year that I have been working in the psychiatric hospital how important it is for the patient/client to just sit back and listen to what it is they're saying to you. This however does not mean I am only hearing their words, but that I am listening at a much deeper level and actually he...
Reflective listening gives the client a sense of importance due to them currently having the floor and a moment to express themselves. Reflective listening is orchestrated through acts of showing empathy towards understanding the perspective of one’s feelings. Through this method, the listener does not offer their opinion or perspective while the client speaks. Adding eye contact can also be beneficial or uncomfortable due to client’s background. For example, one’s culture can believe that is it disrespectful not to make eye contact while another may not participate in that activity. During completing the initial assessment with Gwinda, the social work intern participated by allowing her to discuss the need for services. Gwinda further discussed how she is unsure of how the treatments will go and expressed how fearful she was to undergo these different changes. With uncertainty lingering, the social work intern sat next to Gwinda’s bedside ensuring during that moment the client had a listening
As stated by Emerson, beauty cannot be found unless carried within one’s self first. In the novel by Alice Walker, “The Color Purple”, Celie finds out that beauty is not real unless it is first found within, so that that beauty felt can reflect for others to see. [Celie went through traumatic struggles before she ever felt beautiful starting with the treatment of influential men in her life. Although she felt more connection with women in her life, her early encounters with Shug greatly accounted for her self worth at the time. However, Celie could not be beautiful to others unless she found beauty within herself, for herself.]
In the counseling profession, it is essential to understand different perceptions of clients and help them understand their own emotions. Every individual in this world today is unique. The perceptions of people allow the study of humanistic or emotion-focused treatments. Emotion-focused treatments such as, Carl Roger’s person-centered theory, existential psychotherapy, Gestalt therapy, and constructivist approach share common beliefs. However, they differ in specific principles. Each concept of humanistic therapy analyzes the importance of perceptions and emotions in counseling and psychotherapy.