Alkyl Halides Lab Report

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Introduction:
Alkyl halides are compounds that are considered as good “leaving groups” when these good leaving groups are replaced by another atom that is called “substitution”. When a nucleophile substitution occurs, this is an act of replacement of the leaving group [1]. When substitute happens nucleophile reacts, that is and electron pair donor, while the reaction releases this make electrophile as the receptor [2]. These alkyl halides will be prepare from alcohol while reacting with halides, this mechanism support the substitution of alcohols [3]. A “First order of Nucleophilic substitution” of SN1, a weak nucleophile, which is unimolecular, a reaction that occurs step by step. The solvent that is favored by SN1 is polar protic [4]. SN2, …show more content…

After 5 minutes yellow in color formed and precipitation did not form. Other steps in this experiment did not happen for test tube 1, for example, after the first 5 minutes, and no changes occurred test tube 1 needed to go into the ice bath to confirm “no reaction”. Therefore test tube 1 data were inconclusive. Test tube 2 contained the synthesized product along with 1 mL of 1% ethanolic silver nitrate, precipitation came rapidly fast for test tube 2. The color was clear and instantly cloudy and white precipitate appeared. Test tube 3 contained 0.2 mL of 1-chlorobutane and the tert-butyl chloride, when shaking the test with the product closed in by the cork the test tube products went from clear to dull yellow color. No precipitation was formed after 5 minutes; therefore, the test tube was placed in a 53 °C of water for an additional 5 minutes. Precipitation appear on the side of the test tube. Test tube 4 contained 0.2 mL of 1-chlorobutane and the tert-butyl chloride, no changes and no precipitation were form. Same as for test tube 1, test tube 4 did not undergo the ice bath after the first 5 minutes, the ice bath is used to confirm if reaction is possible. Test tube 4 data was also …show more content…

In the reaction involving both tert-butyl chloride and tert-butyl alcohol there were correctly synthesized. In SN1 as I mention in the introduction, is a weak nucleophile, unimolecular, and polar protic that most like occur in those leaving groups that is tertiary. In SN2, is a strong nucleophile, bimolecular and is polar aprotic and reaction for this leaving group is primary. In the last part of the experiment SN1 and SN2 reactions was analyzed when 18% of solution of sodium iodide and silver nitrate was mixed in the respective test tubes although test 1 form a yellow color; however, the lack of precipitation indicates this wouldn’t be consider a reaction so these data are inconclusive. Test tube 2 contained the synthesized product along with 1 mL of 1% ethanolic silver nitrate, precipitation came rapidly fast, and this came to be the most successful testing. Test tube 3 contained 0.2 mL of 1-chlorobutane and the tert-butyl chloride and had the positive reactions that was aimed for from the introduction were the ones that came out to be the most successful

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