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Aspects to the relationship between economic growth and development
Aspects to the relationship between economic growth and development
Discussion global population growth
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FAMILY AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE:
To what extent does the global ageing of a country affect the economy?
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Introduction:
Reasons for choosing this topic:
I chose this topic because I feel that the present generation runs on the basic principles of economics. One of the major problems being faced today is due to the global recession which took place in 2009. There were many factors which contributed to the recession; one of the minor problems was due to the gradual increase in the ageing population. Keen to collect information on this provocative topic, I began my research.
Definitions according to the oxford dictionary:
Life Expectancy: The average period that a person may expect to live.
Economy: The state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money.
Country: A nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory.
Explanation:
The world is said to reach a population of 9.2 billion people in 2050. The economy of a country is affected in multiple ways; one of the factors affecting the progression of an economy is the life expectancy. In the past decade, the sizes of families are decreasing due to many reasons such as low fertility rates, economic reasons, high education, and etc. causing an increase in the elderly population. Over the years, the life expectancy is continuing to rise at a phenomenal rate as the technologies advance to protect myriads of lives. The increased ageing population has been putting constant pressure on the economies to provide for the sick and the unemployed. In turn, this hinders the progress of the economy. But on the contrary, the increase in older citizens in an economy has also benefitted t...
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...rieved May 17, 2014, from http://www.global-ageing.eu/agafrica.html
Markaz. (2014, May 6). Retrieved from http://www.markaz.com/DesktopModules/CRD/Attachments/DemographicsResearch-MarkazResearch-June%202012.pdf
Oxford Dictionary . (n.d.). Retrieved April 6, 2014
United Nations. (2014, April 30). Retrieved April 30, 2014, from http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/pop952.doc.htm
Wikipedia. (2014, May 17). Retrieved May 17, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_of_Japan
Rand Corporation. (2014, April 19). Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9126/index1.html
Work on the perspectives systematically, then move to courses of action and scenarios.
What was you stand point regarding the topic of question at the start and how has it changed in the end?
More sources are required as evidence for research
Good progress so far!
An aging population is indeed a problem for the society and will possibly cause many social and economic difficulties in the future. According to David Foot (2003), professor of Economics at University of Toronto, an effective birth rate of 2.2% against current 1.75% will be necessary to replace the current work force in the near future and the government’s policy of bringing in more immigrants will eventually fail (Foot, 2003, 2). However some people predict that the increased size of an aging population will drive growth in the home, health care, and many other industries resulting in job creation and economic growth (Marketwire, 2013, 1). Majority of the people are of the opinion that the issue will be mainly in the health care and economic activity. As humans age, they start to develop health problems, leading to more visits to a medical clinic putting extra burden on health care system.
Prominent musician, Celine Dion, once said, “There’s no such thing is aging, but maturing and knowledge. It’s beautiful, I call that beauty.” To many, growing old is just a natural, beautiful part of life. It is inevitable. It is inescapable. The functionalist perspective of sociology states that the elderly perform a function in order to keep society running with ease. Functionalists focus on the disengagement theory and how people tend to disengage from society as they approach death. Symbolic interactionists focus on how environmental factors and relationships with others affect the aging experience, focusing on the activity theory and the continuity theory (Carl, 2011, p. 220). Conflict theorists focus on the discrepancies that arise between different age groups. They also focus on the economical side of aging and the issues that may arise due to an active elderly population (Carl, 2011, p. 221).
The term “ageism” is not easily understood by most of the population because of its acceptance as normal behavior due to the ingrained attitudes that most people develop in their youth, but health care workers must fully embrace the term within their profession in order to avoid becoming a contributor to the historical prevalence of prejudices and discrimination. The term ageism is defined by Klein and Liu (2010) as “the discrimination of individuals based solely on age” (p. 334). “Ageism is a social construct that is internalized in the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals” (Klein & Liu, 2010, p. 334). Robert Butler, a well-known gerontologist, coined the term “ageism” citing that the discrimination and prejudice associated with this term is often based on the lack of a person’s experience with older people (Ferrini & Ferrini, 2013, p. 6). Ferrini and Ferrini (2013) refer to the strong influence that cultural beliefs and attitudes as well as a person’s current age influence the perception of aging (p. 6). Everywhere within society there are influences that encourage ageist attitudes such as media conveyances through movies, books, television, greeting cards, magazines and the Internet (Ferrini and Ferrini, 2013, p. 6). These negative connotations related to growing older begin to influence all people at a very young age and therefore impact their attitudes as they make career decisions. This has directly impacted the number of health care providers who specialize in geriatrics as well as the attitudes of those who do provide services for older adults. These false perceptions and negative attitudes are currently impacting the q...
Adults entering the midlife years (middle adulthood) are experiencing an overabundance of life changes. Hall, Hernandez, Wong, and Justice (2015) stated that, during middle adulthood important changes occur across the physical, cognitive, and social domains of development. There is a mounting amount of research on the changes that middle-aged adults experience. One of the most unexplored factor that middle-aged adults experience is Ageism. Ageism can be defined as the act of being prejudice or discriminative towards a specific age group. Although, Ageism can occur at any given place and in any age group. Research shows that it is more prevalent in older adults,
... active workforce. In this scenario, the number of aged people needing care from the younger generation would be relatively high. The situation implies that the aged people would have to work past their retirement ages and take care of themselves. There are consequences associated with overworking at old age such as developing illnesses and eventual premature loss of life. The premature loss of life lowers the life expectancy of a country. In this regard, voluntary childlessness reduces the number of people in the community. The long term effect of the situation is that it lowers life expectancy in adults.
One of the most important concerns that not only the certain region or country but the whole globe is facing with is the societal aging. Societal aging refers to the “social and demographic process that result in the aging of a population” Aging of the population would impact different aspect of social life. For instance, as the baby boomers aging, the evolvement of those generation in different community would increase. Also, the expectation of better healthcare and ethical issues around the aged people has grown (Morgan & Kunkle 2016: 6).
The thought of aging is not void of hesitance given it produces questions deprived of answers in the absence of a crystal ball. Subsequently, aging parallels the unknown; thus, faced with uncertainty adopting a positive perspective remains elusive. Although, it’s preferred to view aging optimistically one cannot escape its negative connotations. Will I be an active agent or isolated burden remains a noteworthy unknown that enervates my optimism. Another consideration leading to my vacillating view on aging is, not knowing to what degree personal competencies and capacities will carry forward, thereby affording autonomy in the elder years. However, as research suggest, the aging process transforms healthy adults into frail ones; thus, dashing one’s hope that such traits will endure (Friis, 2010). Incidentally, at age 48, these lingering questions will soon be answered. In the interim, there is an inherent responsibility to prepare physically, psychologically, and financially for entry into the aging population. Ideally, the goal is to
The Australian government will increase the age pension from 65 to 70 by 2035(Australian Department of Human services [AU]). This announcement has lots of challenges for Australian people who are under 50; some people support the rise and find it beneficial for the future economical life. However, others are against the announcement as it has lots of concerns for their future plan, as they have to work longer to save more for their retirement. The current population ageing put pressure on the young workers who support retirees and their families, at the same time it affect the economic development. So the rise of pension has advantages and disadvantages on the future life standard of most Australians. It is beneficial decision from the government to provide a productive and qualified future life.
According to DeBrew, author of “Can being ageist harm your older adult patients?” stereotypes and discrimination are evident in various aspects of patient care. “Ageism [is] defined as stereotyping or discrimination aimed at older adults and a lack of knowledge about normal changes of aging and presentation of illness in older adults (. . .)” (DeBrew, 2015). DeBrew (2015) states, “research findings suggest that ageism is common in healthcare” (DeBrew, 2015). Ageism is not only an issue in the healthcare setting, but also among older adults as well as their families. When ageism is present in the healthcare setting it poses
Older adults are a very knowledgeable population and have had a lot of life experiences. As people age, things start to change physically, mentally, and socially. It’s important to understand the process of aging, so that older adults can be taken care of properly. I interviewed P.R. who is a 71-year-old male that lives alone in his home. P.R. is a retired coal miner, and is currently living off his social security and savings. He lives close to both his daughter and son, who frequently help him out with things that are needed. P.R. was able to give me a lot of insight about specific challenges that he has experienced in his life that is associated with aging. I will be discussing challenges that P.R experienced physically, mentally,
Uhlenberg, Peter. 1992. “Population Aging and Social Policy.” Annual Review, Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Very Late Adulthood: Ageism. America's older population is growing at an alarming rate. Statistical evidence indicates growth amongst the very late adult age group. For instance, the CB (2011) found that, between 1960 and 1994, the population group 85 and older had risen by 274 percent in contrast to the general elderly population that rose to 100 percent. The upsurge of the elderly population could potentially escalate occurrences of ageism and abuse within the cohort.
When you consider ageism, you think about people being labeled as other 's sees fit. It 's just another term to judge or deny people of their humanity. When you think about people in their late adulthood what comes to mind? Some may think about gray hair, saggy skin, dentures, and a wheelchair. So my question is why? According to (Palmore, 2005, p. 90) “Ageism is a social disease, much like racism and sexism” in that it considers people as part of a category and not as individuals, creating “needless fear, waste, illness, and misery.” The more people grow and develop, they will learn that aging must go on.
Hence, ageing problem could be a severe blow to an economic system; for instance, the human resource would slightly be diminished. In order to facilitate the economy, people would be likely to conduct the varieties of product and to supply goods to consumers, the aim is to achieve higher goals and gain more income. If the demographic problem is deteriorating, the economic system must be affected by lacking of human resource and decreasing of consumption. Even though the medical system is nearly perfect, it still needs funds to maintain and enhance the level of the medical service. There is a list of projects that need support in financial way, which are the educational purpose and facilities build, is a necessary payment. The financial burden of the government is confessedly escalating. There is not only a burden of developing the medical system, but also the infrastructure is also needed; such as, nursing home and the public facilities for elderlies. There is a possibility that the shortage of the medical services supply would likely to emerge in the forthcoming future. The quantity of elderly is growing that currently we could fulfil the demand of the medical service, but it is hard to ensure that the medical service can be satisfied the order in the future; hence, more health care service is indeed needed in future. Besides, we have been concerned that the expenditure on the elderlies, and the proportion between youngster and elderly. Last but not least, the revenue to the government is the instantly issue also need to be considered. Reducing production and eliminating general income, the power of the consumption would likely decline correspondingly. Therefore, the amount of taxes to government must decrease. The majority of the people agree with the reason that ageing problem cause catastrophic consequence to society and it would be
There is a growing interest in Ageing for both Sociologists and Social policy researchers, which has been notably stimulated by a new found awareness of the rising age dependency ratio (namely the predicted costs associated with this through pensions and healthcare), changing patterns of consumption and the ‘vertical’ growth of families. Across a large number of societies, there have been many differing responses to the population ageing. These will be discussed later, but it is of note to highlight the importance of these ideas on intergenerational relations being shared across nations.