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Academic success of black males in higher education
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Statement of Problem
This paper explores the effectiveness of African Americans students G.P.A. while in attendance at HBCUs. Despite widely ranging methods, data sources, and professional disciplines, theories and analyses scholars have stated that HBCUs make a distinctive contribution in improving African Americans G.P.A (RHE96). HBCU is an acronym for Historically Black Colleges and Universities that existed before 1964 with historic missions with an emphasis on educating African Americans (ed.gov07). Experts found that African American students who attended HBCUs regularly before the 70’s G.P.A might have been better and they were more likely to graduate when compared to white institutions (RHE96).
There are many factors that play a role
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But for a student that is already facing adversities such as an African American student it is a must for them to have family support in order to maintain their sanity while facing the pressure of improving and maintaining their G.P. A. in school. Harper and Gasman in (2008) said that parietal restraints might contribute to the student’s frustration and possibly their departure from school.
Also Commissioner Kiirsanow stated that there is a greater need for financial aid among African American students at HBCUs .In comparison to white students at predominantly white schools 84% of African American students at HBCUs compared to the 55% of white students requires financial aid to attend college (Kirsanow06). "HBCUs have always been in a situation where a lot of them have had to struggle. A lot of that had to do was inequitable findings," Gasman (13).
Summary
HBCUs appear to be more cost –effective in improving the G.P.A of African American students in spite of the lack of poorer academic and financial resources (Kim02). Although the percentage of African Americans that are educated at HBCUs has decreased by 20%, students have better relationships with faculty and staff that makes them aspires to improve their G.P.A in order to advance (UDE05). Also HBCUs have played and still plays a viable role in educating and producing scholarly African
The historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are fledgling to compete with Predominately White Institutions (PWIs). HBCU were established to serve the educational needs of black Americans. Before HBCU college was create blacks were generally was denied admission to traditionally all white institutions. Since black Americans was prohibited from whites schools HBCUs became the principle means for providing postsecondary education. There are several reasons why all blacks’ schools does not compete with predominately white schools. HBCU’s most of the time do not keep their accreditation, their tests scores are very low, and do not get as much funding
Imagine this; the year is 1836. You are a 17-year-old student interested in learning more about the world around you; however, such an opportunity won’t come your way because you are black. Due to this fact you have no hope of furthering your education past the reading, writing, and arithmetic their slave masters taught your parents. A mind is a terrible thing to waste. The minds of many African American’s go to waste due to individual ignorance of their people and thus of themselves. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were put into effect to educate the black mind and eliminate the ignorance. The discussion of whether Historically Black Colleges and Universities are still necessary in the 21st century has taken place in recent years. Within the discussion many debate that due to the fact that the world is no longer like it was in the 1800’s, the time period in which Historically Black Colleges and Universities were created, the purpose of them no longer exists. However, the cultural significance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities seems to be overlooked by those who argue their importance and relevance in a time where blacks have the option of attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs). The purpose and grounds on which Historically Black Colleges and Universities were developed are still being served. The need to increase efforts to not only rouse, but support Historically Black Colleges and Universities is necessary now more than ever in order to preserve our past, fulfill the purpose of our present, and ensure our future.
The exchange of views whether a student should attend an HBCU or a PWI has been a topic of discussion for some time now. Whether you attend an HBCU or a PWI you go for one purpose and that purpose is to get your education. So who says because someone goes to a predominantly black school they will not get the same education a person gets that goes to a predominantly white school ? Or vice versa. Many people have some sort of idea that by attending a Predominantly White Institution(PWI) one will receive a higher level of education but that is not truly always the case. Most individuals are under the impression that simply because of your skin color you have to attend that type of school. That is the problem with this case just people see it as one should attend the college with individuals who are like you but not keeping one 's education in mind.
Clearly, HBCUs provide several benefits to African-American students. Not only have they helped to combat the cycle of discrimination that minority students experienced before the civil rights initiatives of the 1960s, but they strive to provide a warm, supportive and inclusive academic environment that addresses African-American college students as a whole person. Additionally, HBCUs are increasing their efforts to ensure that higher education is accessible, affordable and achievable for individuals with unique socioeconomic challenges. Despite obstacles, historically Black institutions will continue to play a vital and significant role in the fabric of higher education.
The issue of whether HBCU’s are still needed have been occurring constantly in today’s nation. HBCU’s have been in existence for almost two centuries now. Their principal mission is to educate African Americans, and they have. HBCU’s graduate more than 50% of “African American” professionals and public school teachers. But, HBCU’s have been facing challenges such as their decrease in diversity, financing, and graduate rates which has caused a speculation of their importance in today’s communities. I believe that HBCU’s are still needed.
The aspect of African-American Studies is key to the lives of African-Americans and those involved with the welfare of the race. African-American Studies is the systematic and critical study of the multidimensional aspects of Black thought and practice in their current and historical unfolding (Karenga, 21). African-American Studies exposes students to the experiences of African-American people and others of African descent. It allows the promotion and sharing of the African-American culture. However, the concept of African-American Studies, like many other studies that focus on a specific group, gender, and/or creed, poses problems. Therefore, African-American Studies must overcome the obstacles in order to improve the state of being for African-Americans.
Next is John Henrik Clark, who refers to African America Studies as Africana Studies because he believes that Black tells you how you look, not who you are. He goes on to state that he calls African American Studies “a dilemma at the crossroads of history” (Clark 32). This is because European people knew history well enough to distort it and use it, as well as political weapons such as the gun and bible, to control the world. This is the reason why a look at African culture will show what Africana Studies are about or should be about. Africana Studies should embrace the Africans all around the world, in places like Africa, North and South America, the Caribbean Islands even those in Asia and the Pacific Islands. Clarke states that Africa is
In 2001 statistics reported by the United States Department of Education indicated that during 1997-1998 African American students received 8.3% of bachelor’s degrees awarded. Concurrently, Hispanic students as well as Asian or Pacific Islander students received 6.0%, while American Indian/Alaskan Native students only accounted for .7%. Although statistics from agencies who report differ, clearly on a national level, minority students
Annotated Bibliography Journals: The Journal of the American Denson, N., & Chang, M. (2009). Racial Diversity Matters: The Impact of Diversity-Related Student Engagement and Institutional Context. American Educational Research Journal, 46, 322-353. This article discusses the different forms of racial diversity contribution to students’ educational and learning experiences and the positive effects on students who adopt these diversity opportunities. The author demonstrates how the quality of higher education is substantially heightened by diversity-connected efforts.
In From Slavery to Freedom (2007), it was said that “the transition from slavery to freedom represents one of the major themes in the history of African Diaspora in the Americas” (para. 1). African American history plays an important role in American history not only because the Civil Rights Movement, but because of the strength and courage of Afro-Americans struggling to live a good life in America. Afro-Americans have been present in this country since the early 1600’s, and have been making history since. We as Americans have studied American history all throughout school, and took one Month out of the year to studied African American history. Of course we learn some things about the important people and events in African American history, but some of the most important things remain untold which will take more than a month to learn about.
For centuries African Americans have fought for equal rights, one of them being an opportunity for the chance to get an equal education. Many people believe that African Americans have an equal or better chance at getting an education than other students. This is not the case when in fact, it is actually harder for these three reasons: African American students tend to come from harsh, poverty stricken atmospheres. Shattered family lifestyles that make it difficult to pursue a higher education because they have not received the proper information. Secondly, just because African Americans are minorities does not mean that they receive a vast amount of government assistance or financial aid to pursue a higher education. Lastly, African American students do not receive the same treatment as other students when they attend predominantly white colleges and universities.
Many of the unresolved issues of substandard education, segregated neighborhoods, broken families, economic disadvantages and social inequalities continue to contribute to the poor performance rate of young African-Americans on the SAT’s and other required college entry exams. Regrettable, SAT’s and other standardize test have become ritualistic and institutionalize; cemented in the impenetrable walls of higher education. Universities and colleges depend on these “gatekeepers” to maintain the privileged class and to cherry pick the “crème of the crop”. This covert system of selection was never intended for all, but designed to maintain social stratification, create caste systems and marginalize certain groups of people from fair competition.
SAT participation among Montgomery County schools' 2010 minority graduates drops. Retrieved from: http://www.cds.org/item/cds http://www.gazette.net/stories/09222010/montsch231827_32535.php The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. (2006).Black Student College Graduation Rates Remain Low, But Modest Progress Begins to Show. Retrieved from: http://www.jbhe.com/features/50_blackstudent_gradrates.html.
This racial study will define the success of the Civil Rights Movement in the context of Affirmative action in the class-based success of higher education and access to higher paying jobs in the labor markets. Affirmative Action was a major legal victory for the Civil Rights movement, which allowed African Americans and other minorities to find access to higher education as a part of the social mobility platform of the movement. Increased diversity in colleges and universities was a major aspect of this success in terms of raising the awareness and educational background of minorities in the community. Also, Affirmative Action allowed greater access to higher paying job access for minorities that defines the political premise of the Civil Rights
President Barack Obama’s administration call for open access for everyone in higher education, has led to an increase of minorities attending college. According to the American Association of Community Colleges, “Community colleges are the gateway to postsecondary education for many minorities, low income, and first-generation postsecondary education students” (www.aacc.edu). Mid-Atlantic Community College located in the state of Maryland is a minority-majority institution. The minority population makes up over 60% of the population however; the completion rates for minority students are under 20%. Research indicate that “students from historically under-represented backgrounds that attend community colleges are