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Characteristics of introverts and extroverts
Characteristics of introverts and extroverts
Characteristics of introverts and extroverts
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Self-regulation perspective focuses on the process of obtaining goals, though planning and prioritizing (Carver & Scheier, 2012). This is closely related to the cognitive perspective as it looks back on a rational and intuitive system. However, self-regulation focuses more on how these systems influence behaviors and actions. Behavior pertaining to the intuitive system seems to be habitual or well learned for as soon as a certain stimulus is presented it automatically triggers a certain reaction. This brings back the idea of the intuitive side being quick and automatic. It will then be useful for the need of quick decisive actions, but not for those actions that need carefully planned out thought. On the other side, rational is associated with behavior that is intended or planned out for. This will result in a slower reaction, however, it will also be a planned out self-regulated way (Carver & Scheier, 2012).
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Intuitive Trait
Just like any other personality trait, intuitiveness has its advantages and disadvantages. It can be cause an individual trouble and create obstacles, as well as give the individual more of a privilege. It depends on the situation and context to whether or not the trait will prove to be a hindrance for the individual or an advantage.
Advantages of
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As discussed as an advantage, quick, automatic thinking can be useful for abstract ideas. However, this way of quick, automatic thinking is not always appropriate to use. There are times when an answer or decision is best to be thought out more thoroughly using the rational belief side of thinking (Witteman et al., 2009). An example of this can be found when looking at career and school work that needs a step-by-step process or plan. It would be in the best interest of the individual to use rational belief instead of intuitive thinking in this
With this he came up with two fundamental concepts in relation to the overall test. This was in tandem with the different cognitive functions of different members (Myers I. B., 1987). He concluded that there were the ‘rational’ or judging functions and the ‘irrational’ or perceiving functions. The rational functions included the thinking and feeling aspect to it, while the irrational entailed the sensation and intuition aspect (Myers I. B., 1995). This was further subdivided into four opposite pairs with a possibility of 16 other possible psychological types. They include intuition (N), extraversion (E), judgment (J), sensing (S), feeling (F), thinking (T), introversion (I) and perception (P) (Myers I. B., 1995).
Understanding how people arrive at their choices is a field of cognitive psychology. Theories have been tested to explain how people get influenced while making decisions in the present and future. Heuristics1 have been researched to understand the decision making process.
The main idea of this perspective is that people make goal-directed decisions based on their rational thinking. (Hutchison, 2015) In this case study, rational choice perspective is used by Laura, Danny, and Kid. Each member provides a strong example of rational choice based on their own self-interest.
This chapter discusses The Evolutionary Perspective, Genetic Foundations, reproductive Challenges, and Heredity-Environment Interactions. Natural selection is the process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted survive and reproduce. Darwin proposed that natural selection fuels evolution. In evolutionary theory, adaptive behavior is behavior that promotes the organism’s survival in a natural habitat. Evolutionary psychology holds that adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” are important in shaping behavior. Ideas proposed by evolutionary developmental psychology include the view that an extended childhood period is needed to develop a large brain and learn the complexity of human social communities. According to Baltes, the benefits resulting from evolutionary selection decrease with age mainly because of a decline in reproductive fitness. At the same time, cultural needs increase. Like other theoretical approaches to development, evolutionary psychology has limitations. Bandura rejects “one-sided evolutionism” and argues for a bidirectional lin...
The purpose of this academic piece is to critically discuss The Darwinist implication of the evolutionary psychological conception of human nature. Charles Darwin’s “natural selection” will be the main factor discussed as the theory of evolution was developed by him. Evolutionary psychology is the approach on human nature on the basis that human behavior is derived from biological factors and there are psychologists who claim that human behavior is not something one is born with but rather it is learned. According to Downes, S. M. (2010 fall edition) “Evolutionary psychology is one of the many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior”. This goes further to implicate that evolutionary psychology is virtually based on the claims of the human being a machine that can be programmed to do certain things and because it can be programmed it has systems in the body that allow such to happen for instance the nervous system which is the connection of the spinal cord and the brain and assists in voluntary and involuntary motor movements.
The purpose of this research report is to investigate the personality of Beyoncé Knowles in terms of humanistic and trait conceptions of personality.
Self-regulation is a theory of human behavior involving cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral components and it refers to self generated thoughts, feelings and actions that are planned and cyclically adapted to the attainment of personal goals (Boekaerts, Pintrich & Zeidner, 2005). Self-regulation is a continuing process that occurs both consciously and unconsciously that affect the ability to control responses (Strauman, Kolden, Stromquist, Davis, Kwapil, Heerey & Schneider, 2001). It is a skill that has overarching effects on an individual’s ability to tolerate unmet wants or needs, handle disappointments and failures, and work towards success. Hence, self-regulation refers to the
“Self-concept consists of knowledge, views and evaluation of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life” (McCrae and Costa, 1996). With self-concept, we learn who we are by observing ourselves and using our cognitive processes to judge and evaluate our behaviour. However, with self-regulation, we are able to use this knowledge and judgment and apply it to future situations and so predicts behaviour and says a lot about our personality. If we are willing to cognitively analyse past situations and apply it effectively to future situations, this means we are changing our behaviour, thus changing our
Bio-Psychologists study the principles of biology as it relates to the comprehension of psychology in the field neuroscience that underlies ones emotions, ideology, and actions (Brittanica). Based upon the conduction of research, the relationship between the brain and ones behavior extends to the physiological process in one’s intellect. Scientists are cognizant that neurotransmitters function as a significant role in mood regulation and other aspects of psychological problems including depression and anxiety. A biological perspective are relevant to psychology in three techniques including: the comparative method, physiology, and the investigation of inheritance (Saul Mc. Leod).
The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the arguments both for and against such procedures. Lastly the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised.
I believe the behavioral and cognitive perspectives are the most accurate. The behavioral perspective explains how the environment tends to shape and control behavior. For example, if a student receives $100 for making all A’s on his report card, he will most likely make good grades next semester to receive another $100 dollars. He has been positively reinforced. Negative reinforcement is also used in the behavioral perspective. For example, a young woman is speeding down the highway and is pulled over by the police. She receives a ticket for going 10 miles over the speed limit. The ticket is used as the negative reinforcer. Next time she will stay under the speed limit to avoid receiving another ticket. Aspects of the behavioral perspective are displayed daily.
problems, our intuition may provide us with the answer to that problem more helpfully or accurately
Control theorists or cyberneticists view self-regulation as a process of determining goals, and then using those goals as reference values for feedback systems, which act to bring existing states into line with the goals. (Carver and Scheier, 1981, p. 119). Self-regulation complements the coping mechanism as the individual adapts to the changes based on an existing change in the expected, standard or even, ideal situation.
This perspective suggests that much of human behavior is mediated by thought processes like memory and attention, belief systems, attitudes and language. Belief systems, value systems, thought processes, reason and intelligence have a significant impact on why we do the things we do and act the way we act. The cognitive perspective suggests that much of human behavior is significantly influenced by cognitive processes and is thus amenable to our thoughtful control (1). Cognitive Psychology revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then the way to do it is to figure out what processes are actually going on in their minds
Rationality affects the way we behave, but emotions changes our behaviors and drives us to behave the way we do. People are driven by emotions yet we can’t allow it to be the only thing that controls our actions and behaviors. Rationality helps control our emotions and prevents it from getting too out of hand. For example, in a situation where a waiter accidentally bumps into you and causes you to drop the delicious piece of dessert you were just about to eat, there are two ways you can react, emotionally and rationally. Emotionally, you could burst out in anger at the waiter. Scream and yell, completely acting in an irrational way all because of a piece of dessert. On the other hand, rationally, you could stay calm or and remain kind to the