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Recommended: Philosophy for literacy instruction
Adult Learning Environment
It is important to understand that not everyone entering college is ready for the experience. Although colleges and high schools are having conversations on how to address the problem as it relates to high school graduates being unable to test into college level courses, it is merely conversations (Remedial Education: The Skeleton in the Closet of Higher Ed). Each entity continues to play the blame game instead of sharing the accountability, politicians intercede and cause more dissention among them, teachers in school districts are forced to teach to standardized tests, college professors are frustrated with the lack of skills entering freshmen have, yet the reality of it all is there doesn’t seem to be a solution to the problem. Adult basic education is in a category by itself as it is essential for employment and to fight this stubborn illiteracy and poverty filled society. One way to accomplish this is to help low-income, first-generation individuals understand the importance of getting an education. There is a major focus on educating low-income, first-generation individuals, but some instructors cannot comprehend what it really means to come from a disadvantaged background. One of the local superintendents understands this, so each year he requires the district’s instructors to participate in a mandatory activity that exposes teachers to the lives of students they teach. Each year the veteran teachers and new teachers tour the poor neighborhoods from which their students come on the school buses. In addition, they are expected to go door to door in these neighborhoods to hand out flyers reminding the students and their parents of the back to school activities planned for the upcoming year....
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...of adult students increases, it is critical to understand the importance of the philosophies of adult learners. Adult learners have more responsibilities than the traditional student and many have different motives for pursuing an education. For example, many jobs require adults to return to college to receive a promotion. Some require this for additional job training while others may require this because the position requires a specific degree. While learning theories have been the primary focus of discussion thus far, it is time take a closer look at teaching philosophies. For the purposes of this section, we will examine the results of the Principles of Adult Learning Scale survey, and how it relates to personal teaching styles. In addition, the paradigms of liberal and behaviorist teaching styles will be discussed as it relates to teaching philosophies.
In the state of South Carolina, public school students are educated on a lower level than they are striving to complete. They are taught on the expectation of acquiring only a minimally adequate education, which only requires the rudimentary knowledge of the primary subjects. With expectations set beneath the level students should be learning, they are being hindered from seeing and reaching their full potential and lose sight of the dreams they have for their futures. Often these students become trapped in their social and cultural capitals due to these low expectations. Minimally adequate education provides the foundation for a lower quality of life and if left unchanged will create larger social and cultural dilemmas. The concept of minimally adequate education in South Carolina’s educational system must be changed in order to better the lives of the students and to prevent the hindering of our students by continuing to “norm” them to low expectations.
Long ago, receiving education was once something only the rich could afford; it was a luxury. Nowadays it is open to everyone, but many students enter college only to discover that they are underprepared, and in turn they become disenchanted. David Leonhardt’s article, The College Dropout Boom, addresses the issues that are apparent in the education system and how it contributes to the gap between the upper and lower class while Access to Attainment by Abby Miller, Katherine Valle, Jennifer Engle, and Michelle Cooper calls to improve access to college education for today’s students. This is incredibly important because many students either drop out or never attended college and in today’s time, having a Bachelor’s degree has become a requirement
How to attract and retain adult students is an enduring question for providers of adult education. Adult students must juggle competing demands on their time from study, family, work, and other commitments; their learning goals are often different from those of educational institutions and providers; and their needs and aspirations may change during the education process, sometimes as a result of it. This Brief reviews recent research related to adult student recruitment and retention and provides guidelines for recruiting and retaining adult learners.
Something I have always known since I was a little kid is that the educational system in this country is a complete fraud. American schools claim to live by the ideal of No Child Left Behind, but millions of students get cast aside each and every year. In schools these days, it is obvious which students are the elite—those that are raised up and motivated to go to college—and the ordinary student— those that are somewhat ignored throughout their schooling and are lucky if they even earn a GED. As a recent graduate of high school, and a product of this country’s educational system, I have had the opportunity to develop my own opinions regarding the myth of education in our society. Based upon my observations going through the school system, and the various arguments posed by several authors in “Rereading America”, I strongly believe that schooling in this society caters solely to students in the elite category while ostracizing students that do not live up to the elitist ideal.
Adults are self-motivated. They learn best by building on what they already know and when they are actively engaged (Lindeman, 2010). The approach of adult education revolves around non-vocational ideals and is based on experience rather than subjects (Lindeman, 2010). It helps adults gain knowledge about their powers, capacities, and limitations (Funnell et al, 2012).
In this day and age, it is almost impossible to be a middle or upper class citizen without a college degree, so without the ability to finish high school or have enough educational merit to get a college scholarship, these kids will always be in the lower class. Fixing this issue would prepare the United States for a future with more black people in the middle and upper class. A solution to this problem is to have more government funding to high schools in poor neighborhoods. This can provide better school supplies, more qualified teachers, and improved school facilities. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, A twenty percent increase in per-student spending a year for impoverished children can lead to an additional year of completed education, twenty five percent higher earnings, and a twenty-percentage point reduction in the chances of poverty in adulthood (Samuels, Alana). Overall, a change like this, a more complete education, can greatly impact the future a student’s life and the lives of an entire population of
College preparation is not the only area in which schools are failing students. According to Achieve, Inc. (2005), 39% of high school graduates in the workforce say that they have deficiencies. When asked about being prepared for future jobs, forty-six percent say that they are deficient in the skills needed. These shortcomings in the education system will escalate when in the next 10 years, 80% of job openings will require education or training past the high school level (Achieve, 2010). One third of jobs will require a bachelor’s degree. Lower educational attainment is a national problem. Competing countries now boast more workers with associates degree...
Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. Consequently, Lindeman and Anderson’s comparative research lead to the breakthrough of the German perception of andragogy. Their studies define andragogy as the “true method of adult learning” (1986). In 1968 at Boston University, the initial use of the term “andragogy” to attain prevalent notice of adult instructors occurred when Malcolm Knowles who at the time was an instructor of adult education, presented the term via journal article. In his 1970 book publication, he defined “andragogy” as the art and science of helping adults learn. The concept of self-directed learning, or SDL, maintained below reveals Knowles’ definition of SDL:
One theorist that is relevant to this study is Malcolm Knowles’s theory of adult learning. Though Malcom Knowles may not be the first one to introduce adult learning, he was the one that introduced andragogy in North America. (McEwen and Wills 2014). Andragogy means adult learning. The core concept of Knowles’s Adult learning theory is to create a learning environment or awareness for adults to understand why they learn .Knowles developed six main assumptions of adult learners. Those assumptions are the need to know, self- concept, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation. (McEwen and Wills, 2014)
Analysis: having been through the adult learning experience I have realised the roll of learner and teacher in this approach. An effective teacher can facilitate the development of independence, self confidence, learning satisfaction and help students (the learner) to critical think. This experience has taught me that there are different styles of learning and teaching that I can adopt in my future.
In, A Paradigm Shift: Teaching Adults As Children And Children As Adults, Earl Harewood describes adult educators, “They allow the adult learner to have more autonomy over the learning process, acknowledge the learner’s life content and make provisions for blending life experience with the instructional modality.” Anagogical learners bring a greater capacity of experience to the classroom. They are often as much of resource for one another as the instructor. The Anagogical learner is self-directed, self-reliant, and self-evaluated. Adult Education is more effective when it is learner centered though experiences. The instructor should find ways to make these experiences personal to the learner. The principles of adult learning; self- directed, life experiences, goal- oriented, relevancy oriented, practical, and respect are all components students of all ages would benefit from.
In the United States, many lack the skills necessary for college. Unfortunately, the education system fails to prepare some of its students for work or higher learning. Despite these circumstances, teachers and bureaucrats seek improvements to obtain higher success. In spite of the pressure for success, the current situation is not yielding the desired results. Moreover, in the recent State of the Union Address in early 2014, President Barack Obama stated the need for improved education, especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, or STEM fields. Yet, what should reformers pursue? Researchers have observed recurring problems to direct the improvement of education. The information presented, particularly over the past ten years, has revealed a need to involve the students that lag the most. Education risks excluding k-12 boys and minorities, as well as remedial education collegians, in higher education.
The question of whether teaching adults is different remains ambiguous. For example, research summarized in an ERIC Digest(Imel 1989) has shown that even those educators who say they believe in using an andragogical approach do not necessarily use a different style when teaching adults. Additional myths and realities related to teaching adults are explored in this publication. Two areas are examined: types of adult learning and what learners themselves want from teachers.
Within the andragogical model described by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2015), adults need learning experiences that are different than those found in the pedagogical model. Instead of waiting for experiences that are directed and controlled by a teacher, adults need to have a clear rationale and understanding for the learning, feel past experiences are valuable, and have a developed internal system for motivation in order to help a learning experience be successful. The connection and orientation to the learning task, the readiness to learn, and self-concept are other important ideas to adult learning.
Education is meant to be the key to a successful life. It is supposed to inspire great ideas, and prepare each and every generation for their future. However, school for today 's generation fails to meet those requirements. Every student knows education is important, but when school is not engaging or in some cases, even relevant, it makes learning difficult. Improving the school system is something educators attempt to accomplish every year. Despite their best efforts, there are numerous flaws students see, but adults overlook. There is a lack of diversity for students to learn, an overabundance of testing, and students’ voices are being ignored on how to create a more productive learning experience.