Addressing the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in India

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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major health concern for India and her people. India has experienced a steady rise in the burden of CVD, with a six- to eight-fold increase in the prevalence of CVD over the past four decades. Currently, CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with around 28% of deaths attributed to vascular disease. CVD affects both rural and urban populations alike. Among adults, the estimated prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), one subset of CVD, is 8-10 % in urban zones and 3-4 % in rural areas. While the current burden of the problem is great, with over 30 million people affected, it is only projected to get worse, with a total of around 64 million cases likely in 2015 and deaths due to CVD expected to double between 1990-2020. This will make India host to over 50% of heart disease cases in the world within the next 10 years.

Consequently, the country faces great losses both economically and in productivity. In terms of Disability-adjusted life years, 28.6 million DALYs were lost to CVD in India as early as 1990. Looking forward, India suffers the highest potential loss in productive years of life because of deaths of people 35-64 years old from CVD. While there was a loss of 9.2 million years in 2000, this loss is projected to increase to 17.9 million years in 2030, which is 940% greater than the parallel loss in the USA. This is a 95% increase in number of years of productive life lost to CVD in India compared to only 20% in the US. From a monetary standpoint, in 2005 alone, the WHO estimated that the loss of national income due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes (both risk factors for, and types of, CVD) was $9 billion for India. This is projected to incr...

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... hypertension and metabolic syndrome which are largely determined by urbanization as evident from the urban-rural difference in the risk factors observed in India10

All these studies reported that multiple lifestyle factors (sedentariness, dietary calorie and fat intake) as well as physiological factors (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, and diabetes) were significantly more prevalent in the urban populations.

However, there is a particular lack of information about the prevention and management of atherosclerotic heart disease in women from a range of communities that comprise the extremely diverse population of India.

women were less likely to be aware that smoking cessation, physical activity, less dietary fat and reduced salt consumption could decrease the risk of heart disease

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