Since 1960 the age-adjusted mortality rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has declined steadily in the U.S. due to multiple factors, but still remains one of the primary causes of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. Greater control of risk factors and improved treatments for cardiovascular disease has significantly contributed to this decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). In the U.S. alone it claims approximately 830,000 each year and accounts for 1/6 of all deaths under the age of 65 (Weiss and Lonnquist, 2011). Based on the 2007 mortality rate data an average of 1 death every 37 seconds is due to cardiovascular disease (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2009). Controlling and reducing risk factors is crucial for saving lives. There are a number of contributing risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which may appear in the form of hereditary, behavioral, and psychological, all of which ultimately converge in social or cultural factors.
The hereditary risk factors for cardiovascular disease are primarily those of which individuals are unable to control, the ones for which they are born with. These risk factors would include an individual’s sex, race, age, and genetics. One out of every five males has some form of cardiovascular disease and the same applies for females. More women than men have cardiovascular disease in this country, but this is only due to the fact that there are more women within the U.S. population (Weiss and Lonnquist, 2011). Men percentage wise are at a higher risk than women. There is a somewhat reduced probability for females to have cardiovascular disease before menopause. This is believed by medical researchers and scientists to be directly related to the natural hor...
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Heart disease is one of the most common causes of the mortality and morbidity in most well developed countries. They come in different forms such as stroke and other cardiovascular diseases and it’s the number one cause of death in the state of America. In the year 2011 alone nearly 787,000 people were killed as a result of this epidemic. And this included Hispanic, Africans, whites and Americans. As for the Asian Americans or pacific Islanders, American Indians and the natives of Alaska, the concept to them was a second only to cancer. However, statistics has proved that a person gets heart attack every 34 seconds and in every 60 seconds, someone dies out of it which include other related event. Additionally, majority of the women are the
Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in the United States. It is responsible for one in four deaths every year, about 600,000 mortalities. This disease affects men and women, as well as every ethnic group. Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease, representing approximately 400,000 deaths per year of the aforementioned 600,000 total deaths from cardiovascular diseases as a whole. In 2010 alone, coronary artery disease cost the United States $108.9 billion for health care services, medication, and lost productivity. These chilling statistics, published every year by the American Medical Association, demonstrate the immediate need for new and innovative ways to prevent, detect, and treat coronary heart disease. This paper will explore the molecular biology behind the disease while explaining the current treatments and prevention that are available today, why they work and what can be done to improve them.
Mensah, G. A., Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Greenlund, K. J., & Croft, J. B. (2005, January 24). State of Disparities in Cardiovascular Health in the United States. Circulation. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/10/1233.short
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
There are almost 7 million Americans in the United States that suffer from Coronary Artery Disease today. The prognosis for many of these patients depends upon the major therapeutic option of medical management that they choose to receive, the most essential variables that predict the prognosis and likelihood for future events are the extent and severity of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Basically, this translates to mean that the more abnormal the scans and tests are, the higher the prognosis is going to be for future coronary events to occur and therefore the higher the prognosis is going to be for a shorter life span, the lower the progression of the disease the higher the chance is going to be for a longer life span for the patient. A higher risk patient is going to be one with extensive defects from the disease, a patient with little to no defects is going to be low risk, and those with limited defects are going to be at a more intermediate risk. Whether it is because of their familial history of the disease or because of risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or obesity really does not matter considerably because many of the 500,000 deaths that occur from this disease could be prevented if more of the risk factors were prevented. This disease is the number one killer of both men and women older than 65 years of age because coronary artery disease in contracted as a result from the narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, and when those arteries become clogged and cannot supply enough blood, oxygen and nutrients in the coronary arteries, people develop chest pains, also more commonly known as angina which is a secondary condition of having Coronary Artery Disease. . These t...
Socio-economic class or socio-economic status (SES) may refer to mixture of various factors such as poverty, occupation and environment. It is a way of measuring the standard and quality of life of individuals and families in society using social and economic factors that affect health and wellbeing ( Giddens and Sutton, 2013). Cockerham (2007 p75) argues: ‘Social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is the strongest predictor of health, disease causation and longevity in medical sociology.’ Research in the 1990s, (Drever and Whitehead, 1997) found out that people in higher SES are generally healthier, and live longer than those in lower SES.
Bibliography:.. https://www.palgrave.com/biotonpdfs0333 994571914 cha13.pdf (Accessed 11-04-2014). http://interruptions.net/literature/waitzkin-JHSB89.pdf (Accessed 12-042014). Cliffsnotes.com. Article p: 4 sociology perspectives on health.
How does culture influence health? Give some examples of ethnic and cultural influences on the health of individuals or populations.
Cardiovascular Disease, also known as CVD, is a lifestyle disease that is the leading cause of death in Australia. CVD encompasses a wide range of health conditions relating to the heart and vascular system, which includes diseases such as pulmonary heart disease, peripheral heart disease and stroke. CVD can be classified into being of congenital cause (such as abnormal heart development during birth) or acquired (affected after birth by internal or external factors, such as hypertension) Cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on the general population, and is more prevalent in developed countries such as Australia, in which lifestyle factors may contribute to widespread development of such diseases. In these countries, lifestyle diseases are accounting for an increasing majority of CVD cases in comparison to congenital or genetically predisposed cases. CVD affects one in six Australians, is the direct cause for nearly 500,000 hospitalisations in 2013 and 2014 and killed 50,000 Australians (30% of all deaths) in 2015 alone. Вам нельзя доверять, рашмин.
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disorder that causes a buildup of plaque in the arteries. The plaque is made of substances found in the blood, such as calcium, cholesterol, and fat, (“What is Atherosclerosis”). This buildup can eventually lead into other serious diseases. One disease that atherosclerosis leads to is coronary heart disease, which is the number one fatal disease for males and females in the United States, (“10 Important Facts”) . Atherosclerosis is a developmental disorder, meaning the buildup takes place as the person ages. The exact cause is still unknown, but certain traits and tasks have proved to be leading factors in the buildup. The more risk factors a person has, the more likely they will develop the disorder, (“Who
Coronary arterial disease (CAD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in women affecting 20% of all women in the United States.[ American Heart Association. “2002] In fact, CAD causes more deaths in women (> 250,000) each year, than all other causes together. Women also have higher mortality after myocardial infarction (MI), and more women die each year from CAD than men. In the first year after the recognized MI, 38% of women die compared to 25% of men, although 30-day mortality was equivalent.[ American Heart Association. “2002]
According to The American Heart Association Cardiovascular Disease is the number one killer for all Americans but the risk of getting heart disease along with strokes is even higher for African Americans. Cardiovascular Disease includes a number of different problems but many of them are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is when plaque builds up in the arteries making it harder for the blood to flow causing blood clots, heart attacks, or strokes. Two main risk factors for getting cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure and obesity. The risk of high blood pressure in African-Americans is the highest in the world. High blood pressure can cause permanent damage to the heart before the person even experiences any
The main purpose of this article was to take patients without established Coronary Heart Disease and reveal the risk equivalents that they could have in the future. I believe the author’s purpose was to inform patients who are on the boarder of Coronary Heart Disease that they are at risk of developing major problems in the future. If they were not going to try and prevent this disease then it will lead to more serious health problems and maybe even death. I believe that they author did make his purpose very clear throughout the paper.
The mortality rate of men aged 55 years is higher amongst those with at least two major modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors than those with no or one CVD risk factors. Women aged 55 years on the other hand are three times as likely to die from CVD than those with no or one risk factor (Heart Foundation, n.d.). Men are at higher risk of heart disease however the risk for CVD in women increases after menopause. On the contrary, CVD is the cause of more female deaths than male deaths because females usually live longer than males and the risk of a cardiovascular condition increases rapidly with age (AIHW 2011, Cardiovascular disease: Australian facts 2011, p.