Barefoot, J. C., Brummet, B. H., Williams, R. B., Siegler, I. C., Helms, M. J., Boyle, S. H., . . . Mark, D. B. (2011). Recovery Expectations and long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171(10), 929-935. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.41
This journal article provides information that highlights some expectations of recovery from coronary artery disease. It also has a focus on the statistical analysis of mortality from a case study. The data gleaned in this article was obtained from a significant patient base and from a well-known university medical center; therefore, it would be useful and reliable material to incorporate as a research reference. This article would be especially useful in
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Trends pertinent to coronary heart disease in the United States are presented, as well as mortality and prognostic perspectives. Information from this article would be of value as a source of other important adjunct material that could be reported.
World Health Organization (2016). Global health estimates 2015 summary tables: Global deaths by cause, age, and sex, 2000-2015. Retrieved from: www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GHE2015_Deaths_Global_2000_2015.xls?ua=1
The World Health Organization is an informational source that is unquestionably reliable. The data given in their global health summary tables provides the latest mortality data for a vast array of diseases, and of importance here, would be the relevance to coronary heart disease. The data is collected incrementally at five year intervals, so some extrapolation would be necessary to provide a ten year estimated figure. This is perhaps the best choice of one of the few available sources for recent global mortality figures.
World Heart Federation (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Retrieved from www.
Coronary artery disease is a heart disease characterized by narrow arteries and restricted blood flow in arteries and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally.[1] According to WHO estimation, 6.8% in men and 5.3% in women are affected globally.[2-4] Cardiovascular disease account for 29% of all deaths in Canada; of all the cardiovascular death, 54% and 23% was due to ischemic heart disease and heart attack, respectively. The total costs for heart disease and stroke were more than $20.9 billion every year. [5,6] With more than 1 artery impacted, multivessel coronary artery disease is more complex and more likely accompanied by other comorbidities including diabetes or high blood pressure; multivessel coronary artery disease usually is more difficult to deal with, has worse prognosis and cost more compared with single coronary artery disease. [7]
Roger, Go, Lloyd-Jones, et al. states “Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all racial and ethnic groups.” (As cited in Hinkle & Cheever 2014, p. 729). There are different types cardiovascular diseases and they have a lot in common in terms of characteristics. This paper will focus on discussing acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction. To distinguish the two from each other, it is important to know the similarities and differences in etiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, collaborative care and nursing management for these two diseases.
Mensah, G. A., Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Greenlund, K. J., & Croft, J. B. (2005, January 24). State of Disparities in Cardiovascular Health in the United States. Circulation. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/10/1233.short
(Novo 2012) In 2005, it was found that CVDs are responsible for the deaths of more than 17 million people each year, almost a third of total mortality rates, reported by the World Health Organisation (1, 2). The majority of these deaths were strongly related to Coronary Artery Disease of approximately 7.6 million. However, in the latter 15 years mortality rates in relation to CVD’s have significantly reduced according to age in develo...
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
There are almost 7 million Americans in the United States that suffer from Coronary Artery Disease today. The prognosis for many of these patients depends upon the major therapeutic option of medical management that they choose to receive, the most essential variables that predict the prognosis and likelihood for future events are the extent and severity of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Basically, this translates to mean that the more abnormal the scans and tests are, the higher the prognosis is going to be for future coronary events to occur and therefore the higher the prognosis is going to be for a shorter life span, the lower the progression of the disease the higher the chance is going to be for a longer life span for the patient. A higher risk patient is going to be one with extensive defects from the disease, a patient with little to no defects is going to be low risk, and those with limited defects are going to be at a more intermediate risk. Whether it is because of their familial history of the disease or because of risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or obesity really does not matter considerably because many of the 500,000 deaths that occur from this disease could be prevented if more of the risk factors were prevented. This disease is the number one killer of both men and women older than 65 years of age because coronary artery disease in contracted as a result from the narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, and when those arteries become clogged and cannot supply enough blood, oxygen and nutrients in the coronary arteries, people develop chest pains, also more commonly known as angina which is a secondary condition of having Coronary Artery Disease. . These t...
Sticher, M. A., Smith, C. B., & Davidson, S. (2010). Reducing heart disease through the
Mathers, C. D. (2006). Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. Public Library of Science Medicine, 3(11), e442. April 16, 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442
Management of coronary artery disease includes a variety of treatment methods mainly through the use of invasive interventional procedures which aim to correct the cardiac defect. The following procedures will be explored, coronary bypass surgery, angioplasty and stents.
Coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarct all root from the inability of the heart to pump blood as well as it should, thus resulting in the deprivation of the heart muscles from gaining oxygen and nutrients. CAD is caused by atherosclerosis, which is characterized by its rough interior surface in the artery. Hardening of an artery obstructs the blood flow to tissues. CAD's risk factors are the same as those of atherosclerosis, and they include both non-modifiable and modifiable factors. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and genetics, while modifiable risk factors that contribute to CAD are obesity, one's diet, cigarette smoking, one's lifestyle, having diabetes, and/or being diagnosed with hypertension.
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major health concern for India and her people. India has experienced a steady rise in the burden of CVD, with a six- to eight-fold increase in the prevalence of CVD over the past four decades. Currently, CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with around 28% of deaths attributed to vascular disease. CVD affects both rural and urban populations alike. Among adults, the estimated prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), one subset of CVD, is 8-10 % in urban zones and 3-4 % in rural areas. While the current burden of the problem is great, with over 30 million people affected, it is only projected to get worse, with a total of around 64 million cases likely in 2015 and deaths due to CVD expected to double between 1990-2020. This will make India host to over 50% of heart disease cases in the world within the next 10 years.
Christian, W., & Goehnlein, O. (2013). Atherosclerosis: treatment and prevention. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
By analyzing the medical, cultural and social perspectives we are able to examine leading factors of heart disease as well researching possible devices and medication that can help in dealing with heart disease. All the articles agree that heart disease is a major problem, Morales further found that heart disease is the leading cause of death for both Hispanics and Americans—other cultures are unknown (Morales, Kington, pg. 8). However, the most common heart disease are coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease with coronary heart disease being the leading cause of death in the United States (Kones, pg. 325-326; Stephen, Marmot, pg. 6).
The participants or contributors of this data collected on the management of cardiovascular risk included 32 participants of which 20 were nurses, 4 doctors, five managers and three planners or founders. Cardiovascular risk management is a crucial subject in the clinical medical field. From these 32 individuals, four themes were virtually generated from their health care data and records. These themes entirely portrayed the realities of cardiovascular
Access to Health: Kindle Edition Text Chapter 15: Preventing Cardiovascular Disease Text Chapter 16: Reducing Your Cancer Risk Presentation: Preventing Cardiovascular Disease Presentation: Minimizing Your Risk for Diabetes http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/109/25/3244.