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Ethics in multicultural counseling pdf
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like how you have highlighted how scenario may present a challenge to the counseling relationship may stem from a client’s expressed concern regarding the counselor’s gender, race or ethnic background. I have looked into most articles that say counselors shouldn’t discriminate against clients, but very little has been mentioned about this. Until today I have come across this article; addressing clients prejudices in counseling: How should counselors handle prejudices that clients express in counseling? Do these prejudices need to be addressed if they are not related to the client’s presenting issue? The counseling profession has established values of awareness, knowledge and skills in multicultural counseling and social justice as a way to
As a result, I am learning how to assist clients without labeling the client and developing a proper diagnosis. Assessing client problems should happen throughout the counseling process. In the beginning, counselors get background information on their clients to help the counselor develop a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Correct diagnosis of clients is vital to receive reimbursement from insurance companies for counseling services. Assessments help the counselor determine an appropriate treatment for the client. Assessments can help clients realize their strengths and weaknesses (Whiston, 2017). Helping the client understand their strengths can assist the client in building confidence, reach the clients counseling goal, and implement healthy choices in the client’s
An example of a bias is when a counselor uses an treatment plan “one size fits all”. Counselor should be careful because not all clients have the same problems and will required additional support then others. According to Snowden (2003) states “Bias occurs in the beliefs and actions of individual clinicians, and it is at this level that it has received the greatest amount of attention. Bias also occurs when unfounded assumptions become normative beliefs shared by members of practitioner networks or treatment organizations. Bias occurs too when authorities and community members become particularly intolerant of minority individuals with mental illnesses and differentially enforce conformity norms of acceptable behavior”. Therefore, counselors
When advocating for the success of a client when utilizing this theory, a counselor must be prepared to identify and eliminate barriers, prejudices, oppression, and discrimination that may create a psychological obstruction in the client. Learning culturally-competent counseling practices and current theoretical approaches while practicing self-reflection will help the counselor acquire the skills necessary to engage with a diverse clientele. Strategies such as; identifying cultural differences, understanding and addressing issues in the counseling process, the counselor’s ability to understand self, and ongoing education are all important strategies in combating oppression and eliminating barriers.
Without question, all counselors and more specifically all people possess certain biases that at times may cloud their judgment. Part of the human condition is to label and judge things based on sensory details. Any person that denies these claims is quite simply not being honest with themselves. These innate instincts ensure survival and are not all bad. They only become damaging and detrimental when they inspire unfairness and prejudicial attitudes and actions.
Ethical issues are problems that may arise between the counselor and client; especially in multicultural counseling. Ethical issues can range from personal bias to confidentiality Counselors may face ethical issues when working with clients from a different background or culture. According to Miller (2015), “Although it 's not always possible, a family therapist should always try to maintain professional boundaries when dealing with clients. Sometimes, issues regarding a therapist 's personal values and beliefs may present an ethical, albeit subconscious, dilemma, according to Margolin. This can be especially difficult if a therapist has strong ideas about issues that commonly affect families, such as divorce, separation and
Counselors’ values delineate who they are and what they stand for, but when their values violate the counseling session and cause harm to clients, they no longer become personal, but a professional problem. Within that professional problem, counsellors need to ascertain if they are discriminating against their clients or are they concerned about their own personal value. The American Counseling Association (2014) states, “Counselors do not condone or engage in discrimination against prospective or current clients, students.based on.religion/spirituality, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, marital/partnership status.or any basis proscribed by law.
Psychological Theories of Prejudice The first experiment I would like to look at is Adorno et al (1950). In this experiment Adorno hypothesised that a child's personality especially their level of prejudice came from the way in which they were raised by their parents. Adorno argued that if children were brought up in an authoritarian environment, where the children were not allowed to express themselves they would aim there anger towards other parties. Adorno calculated that the most likely targets or scapegoats for this pent up aggression would be weaker minority groups, and would use these minorities as an ego-defensive prop.
They should be sensitive towards the client’s emotions and not be judgemental. Approach should also be developmentally and culturally appropriate and interaction void of any prejudice and discrimination (see ACA E.5.b. Cultural Sensitivity (in Diagnosis of Mental Disorders) & E.6.c. Culturally Diverse Populations (in Instrument Selection)). For example, while counselling a child, counsellor must be able to understand the perception of the child which may involve elements of immaturity and fantasy and not seek to correct the child’s worldview to match that of an adult. Such behaviour will diminish the child’s self-esteem and stress the child, causing harm instead of
With so much diversity in this world there is a need to be as well rounded as an individual as possible. There are issues when trying to relate with others when it comes to ethnicity, religion, gender, socioeconomic system, sexual orientation and many others. As a counselor it is our duty to not be biased or judge clients with such diversity even if they do not match our personal views. As a counselor it is our job to make the client feel comfortable within the counseling session as well as being relatable at some point. The Person Centered Therapy by Carl Rogers I believe is a theory that can be very helpful in the counseling setting. This theory was developed during the 1940’s-1950’s with a goal to help clients with problem solving issues
I do agree that as counselors we need to be wise so as not to validate cultural and personal sin in our clients’ lives. When we think about culture, we have to acknowledge that culture is made by humans who are depraved. Thus, there are aspects of culture that are sinful and we have to address them as such. As therapists when we address cultural or racial related issue, we should do so through the love and truth of the Gospel.
Social justice practices and multicultural counseling are closely related, because it is likely that the person in need of justice comes from a different background than the counselor and has a variety of experiences impacting their view and situation. Constantine, Hage, Kindaichi, and Bryant, (2007) recognized nine core competencies that can be summarized in three general areas: knowledge/awareness, collaboration, and advocacy skills. It is noted that it is crucial to constantly challenge therapeutic approaches and to be aware of ones own privilege and experiences and oppression. Knowledge and awareness of various ways injustices are experienced by all individuals and groups of people is the foundation to being effective in social justice movements instead of perpetrating the problem more deeply. Each person has their own values, beliefs, and biases and it is important to understand how that influences your working relationships and effectiveness so that it does not undermine or replicate injustice for a certain individual or people group (Constantine et al.,
Understanding race, ethnicity, and culture is an extremely important aspect of being a counselor. If an individual does not have cultural identity of their own or understand his or herself as a cultural, ethnic, or racial individual, it may be difficult to help your clients. Understanding and being aware of your cultural identity will help the counselor be conscious of their own prejudice. Being aware of your own prejudice towards any culture, race, or ethnic group may help you redirect your negative thinking into a positive active role as a counselor. Having awareness will make an individual an improved counselor able to empathize and understand any individual who seeks therapy.
Complete awareness is a skill that I feel is most necessary to possess to be a diversity-competent group counselor. While it’s important to be aware of your own bias, stereotyping, and worldview as counselor, complete awareness can range from, what you say, what you do, and even the faces you make. Effective group leaders recognize and understand their own stereotypes and preconceived notions about other racial and ethnic groups (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014). Awareness of what’s going on in your client’s world, from both the historical and present standpoint, is key because the counseling relationship is often affected by how your client identifies with their culture in relation to other cultures.
Prejudice is another obstacle that clients are faced with because of an assumption made about them. Being prejudice can negatively impact emotional well-being and one's sense of self. Actions of others may stop a client from getting the help or assistance they may need because of the fear of being judged. Prejudice often stems from stereotypes about groups of people. “Fear, uncertainty, stubbornness, denial, lack of confidence or a lack of hope, or even the inability to envision the future can be significant obstacles to change” (Summers, 2014, p. 240).
“Diversity is an aspect of human existence that cannot be eradicated by terrorism or war or self-consuming hatred. It can only be conquered by recognizing and claiming the wealth of values it represents for all (Aberjhani, 2007).” Over the last 30 years, multicultural counseling has developed tremendously. As America becomes more ethnically diverse, counselors have recognized that clients are dissimilar, firstly by their cultural temperament and secondly by the nature of their troubles. Multicultural psychology is the methodical study of all facets of social behavior as it transpires in surroundings where persons of different cultural backgrounds come across each other. Multicultural consciousness is an empathetic, compassionate, and inquisitive