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Action research and its merits and demerits
Features of community policing
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Recommended: Action research and its merits and demerits
Action research is a type of research that is initiated to solve a pressing issue or a contemplative process of problem solving led by people working together as part of a community of practice. This method is used to improve the way the group addresses issues and solves problems. In Law Enforcement action research is of great importance because the research and the practices that materialize after the research are critical to discovering and implementing better policing practices. Action Research stands at the heart of community policing and in my paper I will discuss a current issue, prisoner re-entry, which has been alleviated because of action research.
Law Enforcement Action Research
As I stated before, action research is a research method that is initiated in an attempt to solve an imminent problem or is part of an introspective practice in problem solving. This practice is led by individuals who work together to improve how they deal with social issues or in the realm of Law Enforcement, how people cope with quality of life issues. One issue that is currently on the forefront of many California law enforcement agencies is the prisoner re-entry stemming from the passing of assembly bill 109 (AB 109). Prisoner re-entry and the importance of addressing prisoner re-entry at a community level cannot be overemphasized. With a growing number of prisoners released each year prisoner re-entry presents several community challenges, some of which include increased risk to public safety, the limited availability of jobs, housing, and Social services for these re-entering prisoners (La Vigne & Cowan, 2005). Taking into consideration the context of prisoner re-entry, it is imperative for communities to have an extremely unambiguous un...
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... These include approaches on issues like youth homicide, youth firearms violence, and quality of life issues. After seeing the effectiveness in these areas, the remaining question is, how can law enforcement tailor their response to more uncontrolled issues in crime. SARA and the action research method appear to be most effective when police forces are fully committed to the concept and its approaches. The key to having these programs work well is the ability of the organization to understand the benefits and be committed to it. Upper level management in police agencies must create conditions that will allow problem solving to flourish, including encouraging creativity, working in partnership, ensuring effective assessment takes place, providing sufficient proper training, giving officers time and support to problem solve properly, and providing suitable resources.
Community and problem oriented policing are responsible for creating strong responses to public safety, fear and crime problems. They aim to analyze problems and frame strategic feedback using a variation of approaches. Through a procedure of analysis, evaluation, and problem identification; problem-oriented policing has been successful against a variety of fear, crime, and order concerns. The Boston Ceasefire program is considered to be problem-oriented policing it mostly aimed at taking on serious, widespread crime problems; like homicide victimization among the youth in Boston. Boston is one the cities in the United States that experienced an epidemic of youth homicide and illegal gun use between the late 1980s and early 1900s.
The book Punished: Policing the lives of Black and Latino boys by Victor Rios is about the Latinos and African Americans in poor parts of the city joining gangs, do violence, and ending up in prison. It is also add how the police are handling the situation differently in these areas. The researcher is Victor Rios and the goal is to change how the police should handle in these poor communities and to have trust to prevent a crime that is unrelated with African Americans and Latinos. Additionally to develop new programs to help these young people out of prison to be productive, to be part of society, and to create a brighter future for these young people and their community. This is
Policing is a very difficult, complex and dynamic field of endeavor that is always evolves as hard lessons teach us what we need to know about what works and what don’t work. There are three different Era’s in America’s policing: The Political Era, The Reform Era, and The Community Problem Solving Era. A lot has changed in the way that policing works over the years in the United States.
Zhang, S. X., Roberts, R. E. L., & Callanan, V. J. (2006). Preventing parolees from returning to prison through community-based reintegration. Crime & Delinquency, 52(4), 551-571.
Overcrowding in prisons may cause prisoners to not receive the rehabilitative curriculums that they want in order to be reintegrated into society. This is the case in California, with individuals serving their prison sentences in jails, where they do not have the space to incorporate areas to hold the programs necessary for prisoners to assimilate back into society (KQED and Center for Investigative
California has one of the most dysfunctional and problematic prison system in US. Over the last 30 years, California prison increased eightfolds (201). California Department of Correctional and Rehabilitation (CDCR) does little to reform prisoners and serve as human warehouse rather than a correction institution. California's prison system fails the people it imprisons and society it tries to protect. In many cases, California's prison system exacerbates the pre-existing problems and aids in the formation of new problems for prisoners. This paper discuses the criminogenic effects of overcrowding, and reduction/elimination of programs and how it negatively affects California and the ballooning prison population and possible remedies.
Prisons and correctional facilities in the United States have changed from rehabilitating people to housing inmates and creating breeding grounds for more violence. Many local, state, and federal prisons and correctional facilities are becoming more and more overcrowded each year. If the Department of Corrections (DOC) wants to stop having repeat offenders and decrease the volume of inmates entering the criminal justice system, current regulations and programs need to undergo alteration. Actions pushed by attorneys and judges, in conjunction current prison life (including solitary confinement), have intertwined to result in mass incarceration. However, prisoner reentry programs haven’t fully impacted positively to help the inmate assimilate back into society. These alterations can help save the Department of Corrections (DOC) money, decrease the inmate population, and most of all, help rehabilitate them. After inmates are charged with a crime, they go through the judicial system (Due Process) and meet with the prosecutor to discuss sentencing.
Evidenced based corrections manage offenders, increase public safety, and reduce recidivism. The programs that the correctional system offers will make changes in many different ways. Those changes will occur if everyone cooperate together, and allows everyone’s voice
... offenders who were “worse off.” As a result, local criminal justice officials are encouraged to evaluate their current correctional situation in terms of organizational impetus (are key stakeholders behind the initiative?), political culture (will new programs be supported?), and prospective clientele (what type of offenders are being targeted?) to identify the most appropriate program or approach. A common approach being employed by law enforcement agencies around the country to address these questions and identify problems is the utilization of the SARA model. SARA involves:
In the essay "Prison "Reform" in America," Roger T. Pray points out the much attention that has been devoted to research to help prevent crimes. Showing criminals the errors of their ways not by brutal punishment, but by locking them up in the attempt to reform them. Robert Pray, who is a prison psychologist, is currently a researcher with the Utah Dept. of Corrections. He has seen what has become of our prison system and easily shows us that there is really no such thing as "Prison Reform"
There are many different ways of policing in the 21st century and all address and apply different theories and ideas to try and control the crime this day in age. One of these methods is called community policing and many law enforcement agencies around our country and the world use it as a model for policing and interacting with communities. Community policing is based on the belief that policing agencies should partner with communities with the goals to prevent or reduce the amount of crime in those areas (Pollock, 2012 p. 99). There are 3 main aspects of community policing that I will talk about in this paper and they are community partnerships, organizational transformation, and problem solving. After hearing about the
Crime Analysis has many benefits to the community. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. Crime prevention and community satisfaction with police services, while linked to the number of officers on the streets, does not depend entirely on the visibility of patrol officers. Community engagement, targeted initiatives, strategic use of resources, and data-driven decision-making contribute to decreasing crime. So in closing I believe that departments that take the positive elements of foot patrols and combine their efforts with crime analysis that focuses on the time, location, and type of crime, may use the findings to develop strategies to decrease crime and enhance the quality of life in their communities.
Prison within the society in America has sharply veered towards the idea of mass incarceration. The Prison Policy Initiative (PPI) is a criminal research group that reports on the quantity of people in the United States that are in the prison system, and in 2014 “PPI reckons the United States has roughly 2.4m people locked up, with most of those (1.36m) in state prisons” (J.F. 1). This number is cause for concern when compared to a study of recidivism released among thirty states in 2005 by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) According to BJS, “About two-thirds (67.8%) of released prisoners were arrested for a new crime within 3 years, and three quarters (76.6%) were arrested within 5 years” (BJS 1). The concern is that rehabilitation programs in the United States are not effectively working to introduce an inmate into the general population. The reason inmates are typically repeat offenders is because the United States focuses more on punishment than rehabilitation. While rehabilitation methods do exist, they are not the focus within American prison systems, the ones that do exist are more geared toward manual labor and teaching trades. While this an effective means to teach a skill, this style of rehabilitation fails to address the ideas of empathy, accountability, and effective social interaction. The main focus of prisons in the United States is to maintain order in an inherently hostile environment so that inmates may ‘serve their time.’ The focus should be placed on educating inmates instead of strictly punishing those who are incarcerated.
Ties between the community and jail are already tenuous and are only strained when alleged offenders are not offered correctional alternatives. There have been plenty of studies done to help the legal system to decide which offenders need to be detained and which are okay to be released. Such developments have only given the legal system the proper tools needed to better equip prisons and other correctional institutions with alternative methods to incarceration. As time goes on, the inflated usage of correction alternatives will help to cut the costs of incarcerating offenders by giving them the chance to become reformed citizens and reintegrate themselves back into
The communities, in which we live, work and raise our children demand the safest environment possible. A common approach to crime fighting is to respond after the event and incarcerate the offender. The results of this approach have been increasingly burdensome on law enforcement, th...