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Theories of achievement motivation pdf
Theories of achievement motivation pdf
Theories of achievement motivation pdf
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Abraham Maslow produced an idea dealing with needs. In his theory, needs are prioritized. The lower needs must be fulfilled before moving to the next need. The lowest need is survival. Every human is programed with this need. According to Maslow, our second need is security. We like our life and we want to make sure to keep it. Signs of affection and love fall in place as the third need. The fourth need is esteem. Everyone desire to be reminded of how wonderful they are. The fifth need is driven by the thirst to obtain knowledge, we have a brain upstairs and when it is not put to use it can lead to detrimental acts. Aesthetics, the need for a beautiful self-image and environment, is the sixth need. The last need may be the hardest to obtain, …show more content…
He felt inferior most of his childhood and this led his theory to include life goals. When individuals feel inferior, they strive to be better. Feelings of inferiority are universal. Another influence to Adler’s theory may develop from him being the youngest of six children. His birth order theory reflects the personalities he saw in his siblings. Skinner’s interests in animals were seen throughout his childhood. He had always contained a fascination with animals, especially pigeons. Skinner was taught by his parents the clear ways to behave. He later saw how his parents used reinforcement and punishment to shape his before. This is how he developed his theory. As a child, Karen Horney experienced a strict father and felt rejected by her parents. She adored her parents until the age of eight when she became ambitious and rebellious. She did not have the love and support a child needs. She developed anxiety and was seeking approval from male peers. I believe that is safe to say that the rigid love she received as child lead to her development of her theory. Abraham Maslow grew up in a poor family with unaffectionate parents. Food was scarce and so were friends. Maslow’s childhood is a prime example of lacking needs according to his theory. Perhaps he concocted this theory to explain to his family how they failed him in his …show more content…
Jung’s theory of psyche introduced archetypes and how we project them onto the ones we find attractive; we set a standard for them to follow and become upset when they do not follow this standard. Adler’s theory of birth order shows how parents change through raising children and gives reason to consistent parenting. Skinner’s theory taught me that responses to an individual’s behavior influence their future behavior. From Horney’s theory I obtain that anxiety in individuals can be caused by failure to obtain basic neurotic needs. Maslow’s idea of self-actualization gives us a purpose in life, to fulfill all our needs and to be totally satisfied with what we are. Carl Rogers directed my thoughts to how I want to be as a therapist and a person, warm and genuine. People see things differently due to what they have already experienced, that is what I learned from O.J. Harvey’s theory. c. Which theorist’s work do you personally find to be the most valuable, and
People have long considered general theories of motivation, and the question regarding the specific motives that direct and energize our human behavior has undergone tremendous speculation. To this day the question still stands: what is it that humans seek most in life? In an effort to answer this question, Abraham Maslow proposed what he called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorizes that human beings are motivated to fulfill this hierarchy, which consists of needs ranging from those that are basic for survival up to those that promote growth and self-enhancement (Kassin 300).
The character’s is the movie, Parenthood, are a perfect example of Adler’s birth order theory. Throughout the movie we witness five siblings interacting with each other and raising their children: Helen, Gil, Susan and Larry Buckman. It is quite interesting to see how these five siblings, although they grew up under the same roof, are so vastly different in personality and in their parenting styles. It is also interesting to see how the environment in which each sibling was raised in, had such an impact on the way they raise their own children.
Maslow’s original theory talked about a pyramid shape of achievements that every person unknowingly is striving to achieve. The bottom level is physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and warmth. As we move up the pyramid next is safety which is security (money), stability, and freedom of fear. These two bottom sections of the pyramid are known as the basic needs because everyone on earth requires these basic needs to move to the next level of the pyramid. The next level is belonging/ love needs consisting of friends, family, spouse, or lover. From here on up your base needs are very helpful in reaching your next needs, Self-esteem which includes achievement, mastery, recognition, and respect. Lastly is your self-actualization need where ...
In 1954 an American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchical pyramid of needs. At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid are needs essential to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and sleep. The need for safety follows these physiological needs. According to Maslow, higher-level needs become important to us only after our more basic needs are satisfied. These higher needs include the need for love and 'belongingness', the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization (In Maslow's theory, a state in which people realize their greatest potential) (All information by means of Encarta Online Encyclopedia).
Person- centered therapy is more of a psychotherapeutic than psychodynamic model that goes over what empowers people in more of a depth comprehensive way. Rogers believed that one should focus on their own current interpretation of a situation rather than another’s interpretation. He believed that being genuine and empathic to the client helps get to the root of a confrontation and makes it easier to help the person become nostalgic and problem-less. Rogers and Maslow theories are similar but Roger’s theory doesn’t have such a simplicity stage model like Maslow. Nevertheless, both helped the actualization of one’s true self-become easier for
The hypothesis of this study is that in families the eldest child’s personality is Type A and the youngest child has a personality of Type B.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Maslow’s hierarchy of need is a psychological theory that was proposed by Maslow in his writing in 1943. It is a theory in psychological review about human motivation. In his writing, Maslow wanted to have a clear understanding what exactly makes people motivated. He believed that there is a system of motivation possessed by individuals, which are not connected to unconscious desires or rewards. Maslow stated that motivation helps people to attain specific needs. An individual desires to get the next need when one is fulfilled.
Abraham Maslow (1943,1954) stressed that motivation is the key to understand of human behaviour. It comprising of five motivational needs, often depicted as hierarchy level within a pyramid namely physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Maslow emphasized that each individual should sustain or meet the lower level basic needs before the individual desire the second or moving on the highest level. He claimed that motivation is essential as it helps in self-development in achieving one’s personal goal and leading to satisfaction. Humanism emphasizes on the freedom, dignity and potential
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
The organismic theory in psychology is based on the idea that the individual is composed of elements making up a system, and that one element cannot be separated from its system in order to study it. Two of the organismic theorists have developed theories to understand humans’ psychological developments through their needs: Abraham Maslow, with his hierarchy of needs theory; and Henry Murray, and his psychogenic needs theory. They both focused on developing their theories to understand human personality and its development. However dissimilarities are found between the two theories, they both share the concept of having steps of development that should lead to the human goal, or potential. The Hierarchy of needs theory, by Maslow, shows the basic and the advanced needs that the person should fulfill to reach his or her highest potential.
According to Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, “our actions are motivated in order achieve certain needs.” He believes that, we have an inborn desire to be self-actualized, to be all they can be. In order to achieve this ultimate goal, a number of more basic needs must be met first such as the need for food, safety, love, and self-esteem. He also developed the “hierarchy of needs”, which is a theory of psychological health that highlight the needs mentioned in priority, culminating in self-actualization (Maslow). These needs plays a major role on the path to happiness because fulfilling these needs would lead to fulfilled life; however, it seems like Maslow’s theory would lead you to a cycle of wanting and greed.
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,