The not-so-secret weapon in almost every aging Hollywood star’s arsenal is Botox. It has been dubbed the fountain of youth in a syringe. Almost everyone in Hollywood has had a Botox injection here or there, and in the words of Jenna McCarthy, “Anyone who doesn’t [admit it] is full of [bleep].” The celebrity doctors of Los Angeles and New York City estimate that as many as 75% of their famous patients over age 35 have gotten Botox (Triggs & Harrington, 2009). While this youth potion has been erasing crow’s feet and neck wrinkles since 1997, a new study reveals that celebrities may need to credit more than just their ageless complexions to Botox. Botox, get ready for this eyebrow raiser, can alleviate depression.
In the largest controlled study to date on the effects of Botox on depression, Finzi and Rosenthal (2014) randomly assigned 74 patients with major depressive disorder to either receive Botox or saline placebo injections to their corrugator and procerus muscles. The corrugator and procerus muscles, which lie between the eyebrows, are the muscles that contract when a person frowns. When Botox is injected into these muscles it acts like a tiny poison dart that temporarily stops chemical nerve signals from being sent to those muscles, thereby paralyzing them. By paralyzing the “frown muscles,” the Botox inhibits frown facial expressions (Singer, 2009). The researchers in this study reasoned that inhibiting frowning would treat the participants’ depression.
The researchers’ hypothesis is premised on a theory first proposed by Charles Darwin called the “facial feedback hypothesis” (Finzi et. al., 2014). Darwin suggested that the feedback our brains receive from the contraction of our facial muscles plays a casual role in cont...
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... Rosenthal (2014) essentially tricked the brains of their depressed participants into thinking that they’re no longer sad. The findings of this study are groundbreaking, because those suffering from this devastating disorder now have an entirely new approach to treating their depression. Although Botox supersedes antidepressants in both safety and cost, it’s probably too premature to declare Botox the antidepressant of the 21st century. As with all new studies, this breakthrough requires more well-designed and rigorous clinical trials before the Finzi et. al (2014) study can be confirmed and larger, more meaningful conclusions can be drawn. However, if this treatment does prove to be effective, just imagine the thousands, maybe millions of cosmetic Botox-users whose depression was serendipitously treated or prevented thanks to a little, painless injection of Botox.
On the other hand, cosmetic Botox treatments are elective procedures and hence not covered by insurance plans. Even if this is the case, it is worth contacting your insurance policy provider for confirmation. Allergan, who are the makers of Botox offer reimbursement options to their esteemed
Rupke, S., Blecke, D., & Renfrow, M. (2006, January 1). Cognitive therapy for depression. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417069?dopt=Abstract
The low down on the Botox firm up. (2002, October). Today’s science. Retrieved from http://tsof.infobaselearning.com/recordurl.aspx?wid=97060&ID=19082
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Through my extensive research on depression I have learned a lot of new things. I have learned about the many forms of depression and treatment for depression. I have also learned a little about what is believed to go on chemically in the brain of a clinically depressed person. I was also able to partially determine what sort of role genetics, chemicals and personal influences in the brain. Though I was unable to determine exactly how environmental and personal stress can cause a chemical imbalance in a person, I was even able to speculate about this issue and determine some theories of my own on why and how this may happen.
Depression is a mental illness, which affects millions of Americans each year. Currently there are many prescription drugs, called anti-depressants that have been proven to successfully treat it. The causes of depression are somewhat of a medical enigma, however, it is known that depression is associated with a change in the brains chemistry involving the function of neurotransmitters (Reichert). This chemical change occurs in healthy brain’s, which experience sadness, but ends after the unpleasant stimulus is removed. In people suffering from depression this chemical change does not correspond to any particular stimulus. Symptoms of depression are often incapacitating and include severe and extended sadness, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of emptiness, irritability and anxiety (Reichert, Spake).
Botox allows you to look years younger. If you are in your 40 's, 50 's, 60 's, perhaps even older, and have a lifetime of stress, sun, and life showing on your face, Botox can help you look in the mirror and see a more youthful you. Working out can help you lose weight, tone muscles, and get the body that you want, but it does nothing for the age that shows on you face. If you want to look as young as you feel, a few painless injections can bring back that youthful vitality. After all, there 's no reason you shouldn 't look as great as you feel.
Depression is a chronic, cognitive illness characterized by a prolonged state of melancholy coupled with helplessness and continued pessimism. This illness is initiated by numerous situations including traumatic experience or simply a valuable loss, causing neurological, emotional and physical changes. Depressive patients are unable to continue life as normal due to constant fear of the future mirroring past experiences. Research and investigation are constantly conducted in this area of health and there are many avenues of treatment provided by health professionals today.
Depression is an incredibly serious matter that affects many people around the world. It is fairly common for many people to experience depression in some sort of way after a tragic event, such as the death of a family member or the severing of a long-term relationship. In fact, some may argue that these feelings are indeed appropriate for the time being. However, for some individuals, these feelings of despair and stress can last for weeks at a time or longer. While some who are not dealing with depression may interpret the feelings and the mindset of those who are struggling with major depression as a case of “the blues”, depression is undoubtedly a serious condition when left to itself without any type of support or medication. Depression
Facials tend to be treatments of the epidermis made to enhance the appearance and texture of face skin by means of cleansing, hydrating, getting rid of dead skin cells, unblocking slow or stopped up pores, and/or tightening the face skin. Facials can be as simple as utilizing an old-fashioned recipe in the home or while elaborate to be a full day spent getting pampered with a professional aesthetician in a fancy spa. The important things about facials can go more than skin deeply, though, providing an awareness of peace and serenity while enhancing confidence and promoting a general feeling of health. Here I most certainly will explain a few of the different sorts of facials and the processes associated with them, and I gives you a few recommendations on using any and all your face experience.
In my opinion, botox is a harmful chemical advertised to make adults look better. The scientific name for Botox has the word, “toxin,” in it. Botox is also overpriced, according to Google, an average cost is anywhere from nine to twenty dollars per unit. Botox could worsen your look instead of improving it. Botox can lead to allergic reactions or a fatal illness. Although Botox can be dangerous, many people use Botox and it does get rid of facial lines and wrinkles.
Emotion is the “feeling” aspect of consciousness that includes physical, behavioral, and subjective (cognitive) elements. Emotion also contains three elements which are physical arousal, a certain behavior that can reveal outer feelings and inner feelings. One key part in the brain, the amygdala which is located within the limbic system on each side of the brain, plays a key role in emotional processing which causes emotions such as fear and pleasure to be involved with the human facial expressions.The common-sense theory of emotion states that an emotion is experienced first, leading to a physical reaction and then to a behavioral reaction.The James-Lange theory states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that the physiological reaction and the emotion both use the thalamus to send sensory information to both the cortex of the brain and the organs of the sympathetic nervous system. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain about the emotion being expressed on the face, increasing all the emotions. In Schachter and Singer’s cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two-factor theory, states both the physiological arousal and the actual arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced, based on cues from the environment. Lastly, in the cognitive-mediational theory
Botox has been growingly popular and most of us don’t even think twice when we see someone with an obvious amount of Botox injections. But have we ever considered that Botox could have an effect on our natural emotions? Researchers believe that there is sufficient evidence that Botox injections may affect the way a person reacts to emotional circumstances.
What happens to our brain when we smile? Let’s explore a situation. When you see a friend you haven’t seen in a long time neuronal signals travel from the cortex of your brain to the brainstem. From there, the cranial muscle carries the signal further towards the smiling muscles in your face. Once the smiling muscles in our face contract, there is a positive feedback loop that now goes back to the brain, and that reinforces our feeling of joy. A ...
Depression is one of the most common psychological problems. Each year over 17 million Americans experience a period of clinical depression. Thus, depression affects nearly everyone through personal experiences or through depression in a family member or friend.