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Shyntia Briones
Women’s Violence and Africa Dispora
Profesor: D. Turner
Fall 2011
A Concept of Violence
Thoughout history acts of violence have been committed against humanity, based on evidence read in this course, the most targetted has been women and even more women of African descent. An act of violence, it’s consider both, to prevent someone other than one self from meeting the basic needs and spectrums represented as a form of crime, in which the actions victimizes somebody; physically, emotinally and mentally. The rise of violence intensified when colonizers conquered a New World, the lack of acceptance of different people, allowed White supremacy mentality to become a tool of subordination that worked in cycles and affected, first indiginous people and then African slaves.
Even thought it was mentioned that violence was mostly targeted to women, in the essay “The Hidden Struggle” by Amina Mama she states that: “The assumption that violence against women is necessarily or intrinsically ‘male’, for example, has been challenged by black women in the West.” (Mama, 00). One of the most horrendous crimes that agravates physically and emotionally at the victims and society in general are itentional homocide, rape, and aggrevated assault, and in the case of men, castration during lynchings by White men. In these incidents the amount of violence used is great, provoking criminal incidence and victimization. The acts of rape during colonialism to maintain White power obdurate for generations, as well as the fact that there was an absence of laws to prohibit or stop these acts against women slave. White man utilize and categorize women african slaves, when regarded them as a property, in the essay Scenes of...
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White supremacy and society in general alongside interprets the inability to see racism, classism, homophobia, and imperialism as forms of violence, it is both a reflection of and a mechanism to solidify white women’s privilege. That is, privileged white women cannot stand not being able to claim status as victims of gender oppression as we exposed through this course’s discussions when race, class, sexuality, disability, and nation complicate this status. The Color purple exposes this point magnificent when Sofia is forced to serve the major’s wife and child bear her kids for her. White women enjoy their roles of saviors and will readily cast women of color in order to capture the liberator roles for themselves when they confronted with their roles as oppressors they quickly turned to been victims as well.
The sexual abuse of african-american women, and african women began with slavery, and can be noted as the first shift in inequality and lack of control over one’s own body. The psychological, and physiological construct of control is deeply rooted in history. Slavery, for example, was the physical dehumanization of another human being who was thought to be inferior. Psychologically, the act of physical constraint must have internalized ideas of social dominance. Especially, when slave owners, overseers, and drivers would take advantage of their authority and of their powerful positions to rape enslaved women. After the emancipation of the slaves, white men were no longer in control, and this generated a fear of equality with african-american
The creation of prisons and penal system was meant to be used to create an institution to detere crime and create rehabilitation. The ideas put into this new institution did not try to fight crime but instead use the institution as a way of social control. Blacks and Hispanics have become the target of social control as a way to keep the whites and minorities segregated through legal ways. The book Assata an Autobiography, follows the story of an African American women’s struggle with the racist south as well as the inhumane treatment of the penal system. Assata demonstrated the unlawful way police and justice system treat blacks, but not only was it this institution but society as a whole. The hypersexualization of being a black female and
Oftentimes, the things individuals take for granted as preexisting facts are merely the products of social construction, which exert tremendous impacts on belief and action. Men and women are socially constructed categories inscribed by norms of masculinity and femininity that enables rape to occur. Catharine MacKinnon claims that rape is defined in a male perspective, which lacks the account of female experience. On the other hand, Sharon Marcus argues that rape is a constructed language that scripts the female body. As bell hooks points out, black men celebrate “rape culture” as a mean of expressing patriarchal dominance and endorsing female subordination. In order to redefine rape and to develop effective rape prevention, it is crucial to deconstruct the predetermined assumptions about men and women. Rape is socially constructed, through the ways how individuals possess misogynistic ideologies and endorse patriarchal power, turning the erotic fantasy of male dominance into “reality”.
Desmond King and Stephen Tuck’s “De-Centring the South: America’s Nationwide White Supremacist Order after Reconstruction” was focused on how white supremacy flourished in not only the South, but in the North and West as well, debunked that the North and West were much better places to live regarding racial discrimination, and how African Americans had lacking representation in the political sphere. Laura F. Edwards, on the other hand, discusses how the legal system judged certain crimes, such as rape, were affected by one’s sex, black women’s and white women’s experiences with sexual assault, the assumptions related to the lower class affected women, and misogyny in her “Sexual Violence, Gender, Reconstruction, and the Extension of Patriarchy
We analyzed an uncontrollable and in sense monster called colonialism. Aime Cesaire 's work provides the perspective of the colonized and " identifies the root of European and American violence within the founding acts of international colonialism." The violence and exploitation of slaves for economic means explains his point that "no one colonizes innocently" (Cesaire 1972). American History doesn 't show us these harsh realities of colonialism, dry scholarly text fails to describe the societies that were drained of their natural resources, land taken away, and every aspect of cultural lifestyles destroyed. This brutally honest history makes me define colonialism in a different way. Forceful control is a more accurate portrayal of colonizing. When I read Kristian William 's article " The Demand for Order and and Birth of Modern Policing" it was more clear to me in a modern context. I found it interesting to read when he said; ".. the greatest portion of the actual business of law enforcement did not concern protection of life and property, but the controlling of poor people." Because a system was constructed to racially disadvantage some people, their lack of opportunities and stumped life chances has kept them down in poverty, where the white supremacy can control
The term violence brings to memory an image of physical or emotional assault on a person. In most circumstances, the person affected due to violence is aware that a violent action has been performed on that person. There is another form of violence where the affected individual, in most cases are unaware of the violence inflicted upon them. These types of violence are termed as structural violence. Structural violence is a form of invisible violence setup by a well-defined system, to limit an individual’s development to his full potential, by using legal, political, social or cultural traditions (Winter and Leighton, 1).
The Caribbean regional colonial imperialism produced institutions and movements that deeply affected and continue to affect the lives of Caribbean women. Caribbean women’s literature represents sexual violence and the ideological appropriation of gender identity, gender roles, sexuality, race and ethnicity, and culture and class. The impressionable and forming years of an individual are too often controlled by what society feels correct is based on gender, race and culture. Although one may not behave as their society feels is appropriate, in no way should this result in making someone feel less or wrong because they are of color, female and strong-minded.
Oppression is something that can cause a lot of harm especially when it comes from many different people. This is true in The Color Purple by Alice Walker. The main character, Celie, is a victim of oppression based on her skin color and the fact that she is a female. She isn’t the only one that has to go through getting discriminated against. The other person is Sofia, these two women have very different approaches on how they deal with their similar situations. Celie’s approach is more calm and accepting of what’s happening around her. While Sofia’s approach is more to stand up for herself and not allowing men to abuse her without her saying something. The treatment of Celie and Sofia based upon their sex and race is similar to a person being
Shahrzad Mojab’s article, “The Politics of Culture, Racism, and Nationalism in Honour Killing”, explores how honour killing is intertwined with gender, class, religion, culture, and race. The question that Mojab asks,” If violence against women is universal, why name it in a way that evokes a particular religion, culture, race, community, or nation?” is the foundation for her research. As indicated by the number of times Mojab, alone, sat in a courtroom for cases linked to honour killings, it is evident that the visibility that honour killing has around the word is linked more specifically to culture, religion and race than it is to violence against women. At the root of this is the patriarchal system that exists in many cultures, where honour
According to Alice Walker, “Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender” In other words, these two concepts vary in their significance, history, and definition. Although they both contribute to understanding the experience of being a woman, they are different concepts, and this must be known in order to understand the triple oppression women have faced and continued to face through society today, and explain the connection these concepts have to social justice/socialism. In this essay I will examine these terms, their connections, and historic and modern examples that represent and support these ideologies. In addition, I will draw all these concepts back to the Black experience and explain how they contribute to and aid our understanding
In today’s day and age, violence almost seems like a way of life. Aggression is the way to solve a problem, and the only way to make someone listen is to yell louder than them. Today is a day when it is alright to show a cold blooded murder on television or in a film. People enjoy seeing cartoon characters (namely Japanamation) kill each other and have graphic sex. Violence is everywhere and is almost impossible to escape and even more difficult to keep out of your life. However, in these times we must learn to live as part of society, and make meaningful contributions rather than just adding to the same heap of hate and aggression that animals are prone to and people should be above that stage in their life. People need to use reason to think out things before they say them and think even harder before they do some thing. Too many people do things in the heat of the moment. They hit their wives and children, shoot their classmates, give the finger to a car as it drives by, mindlessly watch murder and destruction on TV and in the theatres, and say things that they don’t mean in the passion of the altercation. These behaviors are destructive and bring about even more hate and nothing ever gets accomplished. War never came without a price. Far too many men were killed who never got to see their families again, and we are still so caught up in ourselves that we don’t see the suffering of the people around us. We get mad and angry and lash out with violence and hate because it’s all we know. Although we were taught from the dawn of our existence that violence isn’t the way to go, that doesn’t make it the less natural way to go. It is so much more natural to just punch the loser who hurt your feelings instead of turning the other cheek and walking away and being the bigger person. Being the bigger person is always harder, because it means maintaining dignity and pride even though you didn’t fight back which is what society has come to expect from us.
The most prominent form of the celebration of the strength of women in ‘The Color Purple’ are the characters individual quests to find their identity. Whether the female characters are questioning their religion and its restrictions, exploring their sexualities, or trying to overcome the restrictions that being the ethnicity and gender that they are has entailed for them, they are all trying to define themselves as individual people, rather than a social, racial or ethnic group stereotype that seems to inhabit people both in the world of fiction and in the realm of reality. Walker’s character of Sofia seems to want to find her identity by not succumbing to the pressure and authority held over her by black men and Caucasians of both genders. When Celie describes her refusal to become ‘Miss Millie’s’ maid, her re-telling of Sofia’ blunt “hell no”, the reaction of the Mayor; “he slaps her”, and the insinuation that she is beaten nearly to death and dragged off to jail, she proposes that her rebuttal was considered rude and criminal, as the white people consider it to be a great honour to be a white lady’s housemaid. However, because Sofia is unwilling to place herself in this mortifying position, the white Mayor and police beat her in order to reassert their racial and gender dominance over a black woman.
Specific time periods, such as World War II, and the Post-Civil War era bring to mind images of hate, death, and violence. Not solely external violence or violence that is carried out, such as murders, war, or blatant displays of violence such as those in Ellison’s Battle Royal, but internal violence as well. Internal violence is more about the mind, a violence of emotion, though internal violence is closely linked to external violence. They are linked not only because external violence causes internal violence, but also because of the reverse. This is seen in the works of Ellison, Borowski, O’Connor, and DeLillo.
While setting the foundations of Womanist theology, it is important to lay out the context for my Womanist theological project in understanding police violence towards Black women. In this section, I will lay out what Empire is, unpack the notion of Black women as secondary victims to violence, the paradox of Black motherhood as violence, and Black mother’s resistance to the violence of Empire.
In American society, people live by everyday social norms. Those norms are different now than they in modern society, and they will continue to grow each century. Postmodern means after modern times, the 1960s was the specific time period of the postmodern era. The novel Catching Fire includes postmodern ideas such as increased violence and non-traditional women (feminism).