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Implication of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Implication of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
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Acknowledgement
I am highly indebted to Beijing Carrefour Chaoyang store for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards general manager Mr. Zhang and HR director Mrs. Li from Carrefour Chaoyang store, for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. My thanks and appreciations also go to my supervisor Dr. Singh, in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
Declarations
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Beijing
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Maslow believed that these five needs have to be improved from lower stage to the higher ones. Generally speaking, once the lower stage is met, individual’s need will change to the higher stage, and this need will replace the previous one and become the motivation factor. In this hierarchy, physiological, safety, and love/ belonging could be met by some simple external factors. However esteem and self-actualization need more internal factors, and for individuals, there is no limit for the higher demand. In a certain period, individual might have several needs, but there must be a major one which can lead individual’s behavior. Lower needs might be weaken when the individual’s need is in a higher stage, but either of them will be disappeared in any situation. The degrees of country’s development will influence individuals’ needs: individuals from developed countries have higher needs than individuals from developing countries (Maslow, 1968). Hierarchy of Needs theory paid attention to individual’s perspective, and indicated the individual 's needs are gradually transformed from low to high, which reflected the relationship between individual’s psychology and behavior. While this theory has some disadvantages, such as not taking account of the impact on the motivation of individual beliefs, and no …show more content…
He believed existence, relatedness and growth are three core factors that individuals need (Clayton, 1969). Different from Maslow’s, ERG theory believes these three needs don 't have an inevitable ascending order. When individuals meet a lower level’s need, they might go to chase the next level’s need; when they can’t meet some higher level’s need, they night also change to pursue the lower level’s need; additionally, after a certain need is met, the attractiveness of the same need might be further improved. So unlike Maslow 's Hierarchy Needs theory, ERG theory more emphasis on the impact from individual
Needs are like a pyramid: if a layer is missing, the rest can not be built over it. Specific needs must be alleviated in order for the next level to be sought. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology stating that people have a motivation to meet certain needs and some needs take eminence to others. To reach the following level, each level must be met. Freud, on the other hand, created a theory of personality.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Maslow’s hierarchy of need is a psychological theory that was proposed by Maslow in his writing in 1943. It is a theory in psychological review about human motivation. In his writing, Maslow wanted to have a clear understanding what exactly makes people motivated. He believed that there is a system of motivation possessed by individuals, which are not connected to unconscious desires or rewards. Maslow stated that motivation helps people to attain specific needs. An individual desires to get the next need when one is fulfilled.
Psychologist Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, outlining and suggesting what a person need to reach self-actualization and reveal the true potential of themselves. In the model, Maslow propose that a person has to meet basic needs in order to reach the true potential of themselves. Biological/physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging need, esteem needs according to Maslow is the fundamental frame for reaching the peak of self. The last need to be met on the scale
According to Maslow, there are five levels of needs that were lined up in order of priority from lowest to highest order. These levels into the three levels of basic categories, namely (1) the survival and security, (2) human interaction, love and afilasi, (3) self-actualization (competence, self-expression and understanding) (Andhika:
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
For a better understanding of turnover, the history of employee turnover in the United States is briefly examined. The employee data regarding turnover amongst US workers have been
Abraham Maslow was a pioneering psychologist who created Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The first concept under this is Biological and Physiological needs for air, food, water, shelter, warmth, sex and sleep. The 2nd concept in this theory is Safety needs - protection from essentials, security, order, law, solidity, freedom from fear. The next step in this principle is the need for Love and belongingness friendship, intimacy and affection. The 4th concept is to build esteem needs - accomplishment, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from
The Hierarchy of needs theory, by Maslow, shows the basic and the advanced needs that the person should fulfill to reach his or her highest potential. That is why the theory is best depicted as a pyramid including seven stages. The first stage is physiological needs: water, body temperature, sleep, and sex. When one satisfies those needs, he or she can go to the next stage. Safety needs is the second stage. Here, the person is concerned about his safety and stability, so he tries to find a good job to support himself financially, and also find a good home in a safe place. The third stage is belongingness and love. To love and be loved and accepted becomes very important in this stage, so the person starts to worry about his relationships. Being accepted and loved will lead successfully to the fourth stage, which is esteem needs. In this level, the person is more concerned about achieving and gaining approval. Ones those needs are fulfilled, the cognitive needs come to be a priority. This fifth level is attained by seeking knowledge and explor...
Employee turnover in organization is one of the main issues that extensively affect the overall performance of a workplace (Tariq, Ramzan and Riaz, 2013). Various studies show that employee turnover negatively affect the overall efficiency at the organization (Tariq, Ramzan and Riaz, 2013). Xiancheng, (2013) mentioned the employee turnover is a method of personal issues who decided to stop associate with the company for better advantage. There are two types of turnover which are voluntary and involuntary turnover. Voluntary turnover can be defined as the termination of the official and the psychological contract between the employee and employer (Krausz, 2002; Macdonald, 1999; Mclean Parks et al, 1999; Rousseau, 1995) while involuntary turnover inescapably lead to direct negative results such as current job is insecurity, work difficulty, and status fluctuation (Gowan and Gatewood, 1997). However, other researchers such as Haven-Tang and Jones, (2012) concluded poor management, lack of salary, bad working environment and paucity of job opportunities could be the highest causes of turnover among organization. This statement was support by Kusluvan et al., (2010) where is they had stated that poor management, low payment of salary, work environment and lack of employees’ job opportunities on the organization will make employee want to quit from their job. Turnover intention situation will appear when labour had feeling that they want to quit from current job, so voluntary and involuntary turnover will become final stage for them as their decision (AlBattat and Mat Som, 2013) but it is different for researchers such as Mosadeghrad, Ferlie and Rosbenberg (2013) when they conclude that employee turno...
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,
With pleasure, I express my sincere gratitude to my Project guide Mr. Mohit Gupta, Marketing Manager, Spunk (Future Brands) who spared his valuable time and supported me to work and complete this project and guided me throughout this project. It would not have been possible for me to complete the project without hir timely encouragement and advice at every stage of the project.