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How ethics affect decision making
Ethics and decision making process
Ethics and decision making process
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This week's article was about a 4-pronged approach into ethical decision making. The authors describe this tool as a "user-friendly framework" in making ethical decisions. While reading this article, I was able to use the 4-pronged approach to organize all of the important topics/questions from the case given to us. That being said, by the end of my "4 box" organization, I was left with a very complex list of questions that pulled me towards many directions. Thus, I believe (although others may not) that this approach can be a good activity for understanding the complexity behind ethical decision making, but will more often than not lead the user to a "dead end". For this reason, I propose the question: To improve medical decision making and
patient care, do we need tools for making an ethical decision? or do we need tools/education for making "ethically confident" physicians? Of course, analyzing all aspects of a scenario is extremely important. But, for the most part, I believe teaching/educating physicians how to be confident and decisive, while acknowledging their errors, will be more efficient, while improving patient care, than becoming confused/indecisive/doubtful when using these "tools". Lastly, do you think it's possible to train medical students/physicians to be "ethically confident" or is this something that comes with experience?
We have one resident in the long-term facility who has stage four cancer of spinal cord and he has been suffering from intense pain. Every time when I enter his room, he cries and implore to the god that he can minimize his suffering. He has prescription of hydromorphone 8 mg every 4 hourly PRN , oxycodone 5 mg every 6 hourly and 50 mcg of fentanyl path change every 3rd day. After giving all scheduled and PRN medicine his pain level remains same as before. When I see that patients I feel like to give highest dose of medicine as well as alternative pain management therapy so that he can have some comfort but ethically I have no right to do that. He is hospice but he has no comfort at all. Following are the nine steps of Uustal ethical decision making model.
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
The text defines ethical dilemma as situations that have two or more values in conflict (Woodside & McClam, 2015). As a human service professional, there may be times when situations may emerge and an individual might be uncertain of the proper action to take. A human service professional must look at all points of view. In addition, they must establish a list of problems and examine the multiple viewpoints. Furthermore, they must develop potential outcomes and analyze the impact each decision may have. This will assist the profession to have the ability to have an understanding of critical thinking, professional code of ethics, and to form rapport (p. 270). Ethical behavior has six principles that is shared among members of the human
On April 24th, 2014, one simple recording released by TMZ made Donald Sterling, owner of the NBA’s Los Angeles Clippers, the most hated man in America. In this recording, Sterling ranted over the fact how he did not want V. Stiviano, his partner, to be affiliated with any African Americans. As a result of his racist statements, fans, athletes, and sports organizations/members, voiced their opinions on the matter, flourishing social media. Many star players such as LeBron James, Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, and a majority the Clippers players acknowledged that something had to be done, and that the NBA is no place for racism. In the end, after team owners took a vote, NBA commissioner Adam Silver held a press conference enlightening the public
Still, major concern with boundary crossing in treatment is the potential, differential between therapists, and clients and how therapists may use or abuse the power. Therapist are hired for their professional expertise, which consequently gives them an expert- based power over their clients (Zur, 2007, p. 47). Husted could have asked herself should I cross this boundary (i.e., is it ethical to keep a “secret” of into a relationship with a client) or what are the opportunities plus advantages of carrying out rather not carrying out the sexual performance (risk of either accepting or rejecting of the client).
Review of “Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character” by Rachana Kamtekatar
Ethical judgements limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss.
Workplace ethics engages in judgements and collective agreements regarding a suitable guide of behaviour. The ethical decision making framework (EDM) presents, business decision is ethical or unethical.EDM provides an indication of traditional decision making process and issues that manipulate ethical decisions. Employees tend to fraud because they can experience the unfair treatments or situation that they face. Manages may ask employee to work long hours, and then they can take additional time off. Good performance leads to remunerations and appreciation managers than workers.
An ethic is an underlying principle, which we use to make difficult ethical decisions. Ethic can be adopted as a child from significant adults, and later we apply it more efficiently in our lives as we grow. Building ethical understanding throughout all our life phases will help us to face more complicated issues that life has prepared for us in the future. Ethical understanding will assist us in our personal and professional lives by directing a world of conflicting interests, rights, and values.
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
Some of the deficiencies in the way cultural relativism addresses moral problems, according to Holmes; are that they remain impractical, they are subject to change depending on where you live, and that people tolerate the different cultures. As a professional business person, I agree with Holmes analysis. Allowing others perceptions or beliefs to get away with our own personal beliefs would be contradicting ourselves. It is important to stand up for our beliefs, and help educate others on ethical issues. Over time we can make a difference in the world by modeling moral beliefs and ethics.
The second option would be to increase the pay of the other employee’s to Jeff’s pay. This would be an ethical thing to do, but it is not necessarily the most logical. If John decided to increase their pay, it may help in the short term with increasing morale and getting the employees to work harder, but this could cause some financial issues in the long run. John’s company may not be able to withstand all of these pay increases for a long period of time and some of the employees get pay increases, all of the employees might demand one.
The Ethical Decision Making Model is an ethical guideline that is useful in ethical dilemmas and what course of action to take. It’s a framework that allows professionals to analyze and make ethical decisions to the best of their ability. It gives counselors a protocol to determine the appropriate course of action when faced difficult challenge. These decisions are taking into account; reflect a concern for the interests and the well-being of all clients concerns. Counselors should keep in mind the Golden Rule: “Do onto others as you would want onto you”.
The following five-step model can help employees make appropriate decisions when faced with an ethical dilemma. The first step is to recognize the issue. Knowing what is the root cause and the main issue can help determine what ethical issue is at hand. The next step is to get the facts of the situation. Eliminating bias opinions and knowing the information source can increase the chances of making a good decision.
Through taking this inventory, I was able to gain an insight into how my values and perceptions could shape my actions and the impact of those actions in future circum-stances. This insight will allow me the benefit of choosing which ethical perspective best suits the individual situations as they present themselves and provides me with opportuni-ties to ask more key questions to serve the situations in a manner that is more true to my own ethical standards. These new tools will allow me to interact with peers and higher leadership in a more effective manner when it comes to ethical considerations and stands. Even though this survey gave me great insight into my own core beliefs, it also gave me an understanding of how other people may approach circumstances. This will be very beneficial when it comes to influencing any organization or social group's policies so that everyone is served in the best possible way.