The wise words of Tim Marshall, that “All leaders are constrained by geography,” reinforces the notion that world events are indeed affected in context to its physiological traits. With the rise of fierce competition for geographic resources, the developed world differs vastly from those that are still developing. Constricted by the institutional structures set by global developed countries due to their fierce industrial competition, lesser developed worlds recede further and further from the economic standards of the world. Influenced by economic outbursts, each respective developed and undeveloped countries form their own urban models due to the restraints of their geography. In current times, there’s been a harsh but true division of resources …show more content…
In every model between North America, Europe and Developing Worlds, there’s the emphasized importance on accessibility. The centrally located central business district in a concentric model such as that in Europe and Developing Worlds makes its land value the highest, sharing a common theme. While North America is founded upon a multiple nuclei model, it shares the distant decay theory with the concentric model of Europe and Developing Models. Centralized business districts’ sphere of influence decline gradually with distance along with population density. Yet despite both models varying in differences, the prevalence of residential segregation due to socio-economic status is not limited to one or the other model. Lower-income groups of residents live in the inner city to reduce time and cost of transport near the factory zone in return for the easiness in working opportunities, goods and services. Residential segregation being applicable to both variable of models, no amount of urbanization and development will not substitute comfort and …show more content…
With the advancement of technology came motorized personal transportation establishing reduced transportation costs. Although the foundation of a multiple-nuclei model is built on a central business district, greater movement due to personal transportation allowed for specialization of regional centers. This would include business centers, technological buildings, along with recreational areas and parks. Despite the separation of a centralized district, events and activities would be together for a mutual benefit as it was easy to travel through the city. This is the optimal model to follow a city through its expansion. North America differs from its brethren, Europe from the “Western World” being that Europe adopted the central business model for its urbanization. Despite both being countries being economic whales, their identifiable difference would be the land mass each continent holds. Europe, due to their scarcity of land sets a stimulus to constitute a central business district model. Yet subtle difference in transportation between Europe and North America would create a substantial node that differs population density. There’d be more prevalence of apartments in Europe rather than
Smith, D. A. (1996). Third World Cities in Global Perspective: The Political Economy of Uneven Urbanization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press Inc.
In the book The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape, the author, Harm de Blij, argues that where we are born and our geography can affect who we are and what we will become. He applies his knowledge of geography and other relatable information such as health, economy, languages, and several other areas of subject. De Blij categorizes the earth into three subdivisions: locals, globals, and mobals. He defines locals as “those who are poorest, least mobile, and most susceptible to the power of place” (pg-notes). Globals are those who “whether in government, industry, business, or other decision-making capacities, flatten
Harm de Blij and his “The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape” truly describes how geography is displayed in the world today. In particular on of the major themes that he discusses is the idea of globalization. He actually calls these people the “globals.” In the very beginning of his book he describes two different types of peoples: Locals and Globals. The difference between these people is that Locals are the poorer people, not as mobile, and more susceptible to the concept of place. On the other hand the Globals are the fortunate population, and are a small group of people who have experienced globalization firsthand (5). This idea of globalization is a main theme that Blij refers to throughout the book, however he also indirectly references the five themes of cultural geography: culture regions, cultural diffusion, cultural interaction, cultural ecology, and cultural landscapes. Through Blij’s analysis these five themes are revealed in detail and help explain his overall idea of globalization in the world today.
Analyze the major similarities and difference among European, Native American and African societies. What was the European impact on the peoples and the environment of the Americas and Africa during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
The modern world is separated into the wealthy and those in poverty. According to the theory of Geographic Luck, geography is the main determinant in a civilization’s success. Jared Diamond is correct on his theory about how luck affects human power,wealth, and strength, in that luck depends on where you are located affects what grows or lives in that area. Specifically, geography luck affects what cereal crops are able to grow successfully and sustain life, large domesticable mammals that provide labor, and a shared latitude allows the diffusion of agriculture.
World cities have developed due to the growing effects of globalization. The breaking down of barriers between countries and technological advancements have been responsible for the emergence of the time and space theory, increased global media networks and increased cultural imperialism of countries. World cities such as Sydney and Rome are growing in cultural dominance due to the acceptance of globalization; the impacts of globalization are however not evenly distributed. Today there are increasing differences between developed and developing economies, and between world cities and cities. It is this widening gap that is affecting their spatial distribution.
From the information stated previously, we can clearly see how spatial relations have a direct impact on politics and economics in the United Kingdom and throughout the world. The socio-spatial relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union drastically influenced the outcome for Brexit. Although the United Kingdom will see the most political and economic change due to the Brexit referendum, there is still a ripple effect that makes its way all throughout Europe and even internationally due to trade relations. The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union has had a direct impact politically and economically on many neighboring European Union countries and this in turn has caused a change in socio-spatial
In the early tradition of the Chicago School, theorists engaged an urban ecological lens that viewed cities as symbiotic, naturally evolving spaces that expanded through a process of organic succession to generate the organization of city life (Burgess, 1925; Park, 1936). Since the 1960’s, the purview of contemporary urban sociology has shifted to engage a macro-lens that examines how larger social, economic and political factors shape the urban landscape more broadly. Counter to urban ecological theory, these scholars show how the spatial logics of cities and urban inequality are shaped and produced by local/state, national and global political and economic actors (Castells, 1978; Dreier et al. 2004; Gieryn, 2000; Harvey, 2012; Jargowsky, 1997; Logan and Molotch, 1987; Sampson, 2012; Sassen, 2006; Swanstrom et al., Wilson, 1996). Engaging this lens, we then see how the socio-spatial construction of urban spaces directly constructs unequal urban spaces that afford greater opportunities and benefits to some, while diminishing the opportunities of others. In this way, the macro-lens reveals the multiple levels of agency in th...
Basic Managerial Paradigms. I never came across any of these managerial paradigms concepts during my four years of study and research within Longwood University’s School of Business. Since I found these paradigm concepts thought-provoking, I thought that either of the key terms ethnocentric, polycentric, or geocentric would be a great topic for this forum two essay. After doing research on all three key terms, I chose to write this essay on polycentric concepts and its correlation to urban regions. In final analysis, I will be writing this paper on Polycentric Urban Regions (PUR), which is a broader aspect of the key term polycentric.
Comparison of different geographical areas is a struggle as every structure differs and is unique to its own local challenges. When you inject human personalities along with leadership styles it is virtually impossible to conclude that one system works well for all entities, especially when one factors in politics, election terms and public judgement.
Previous research defined ‘world cities’ differently via a variety of criteria. A common one regarded it as ‘a center of advanced services and information-processing activities, and a deeply segmented social space marked by extremes of poverty and wealth’ (Scott 2001; see also Castells, 1996, Sassen, 1991). World cities often shared some important characteristics, such as the geographic location, a clear division of social structure and the comprehensive strength including political power and economic power. Sassen (1991) also claimed that the global city was a combination of spatial dispersal and global integration, and such city usually controlled a disproportion amount of world concern.
As urban economics is also a part of social science, so it subject to be constrained by social and political system. Therefore, under the different social systems, the contents of study will be significant differences. For examples, in the western countries, it mainly studies the markets within the city, and tries to so...
Theories on urbanisation have been developed for such a long period of time that they have been blended into and intersect with theories that also pertain to cities, industrialization and more recently globalization. The prominent theories:
Due to the political, cultural, and social aspects of humans, whether it be the positive advancements of culture, negative consequences of dictatorship, the human geography affects humans more than the physical geography. Although the physical geography
Global cities are cities with substantial economic power, controlling the concentration and accumulation of capital and global investments. Despite this, global cities are the sites of increasing disparities in occupation and income. This is as a result of large in-migration and growing income inequality together with capacity and resource constraints, and inadequate Government policies.